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Qiao YN, Li L, Hu SH, Yang YX, Ma ZZ, Huang L, An YP, Yuan YY, Lin Y, Xu W, Li Y, Lin PC, Cao J, Zhao JY, Zhao SM. Ketogenic diet-produced β-hydroxybutyric acid accumulates brain GABA and increases GABA/glutamate ratio to inhibit epilepsy. Cell Discov 2024; 10:17. [PMID: 38346975 PMCID: PMC10861483 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD) alleviates refractory epilepsy and reduces seizures in children. However, the metabolic/cell biologic mechanisms by which the KD exerts its antiepileptic efficacy remain elusive. Herein, we report that KD-produced β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) augments brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the GABA/glutamate ratio to inhibit epilepsy. The KD ameliorated pentetrazol-induced epilepsy in mice. Mechanistically, KD-produced BHB, but not other ketone bodies, inhibited HDAC1/HDAC2, increased H3K27 acetylation, and transcriptionally upregulated SIRT4 and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1). BHB-induced SIRT4 de-carbamylated and inactivated glutamate dehydrogenase to preserve glutamate for GABA synthesis, and GAD1 upregulation increased mouse brain GABA/glutamate ratio to inhibit neuron excitation. BHB administration in mice inhibited epilepsy induced by pentetrazol. BHB-mediated relief of epilepsy required high GABA level and GABA/glutamate ratio. These results identified BHB as the major antiepileptic metabolite of the KD and suggested that BHB may serve as an alternative and less toxic antiepileptic agent than KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Qiao
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Song-Hua Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan-Xin Yang
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Ma
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Peng An
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Yuan
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Shuvalov O, Kirdeeva Y, Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Simon HU, Barlev NA. Phytochemicals Target Multiple Metabolic Pathways in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2012. [PMID: 38001865 PMCID: PMC10669507 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolic reprogramming is a complex process that provides malignant cells with selective advantages to grow and propagate in the hostile environment created by the immune surveillance of the human organism. This process underpins cancer proliferation, invasion, antioxidant defense, and resistance to anticancer immunity and therapeutics. Perhaps not surprisingly, metabolic rewiring is considered to be one of the "Hallmarks of cancer". Notably, this process often comprises various complementary and overlapping pathways. Today, it is well known that highly selective inhibition of only one of the pathways in a tumor cell often leads to a limited response and, subsequently, to the emergence of resistance. Therefore, to increase the overall effectiveness of antitumor drugs, it is advisable to use multitarget agents that can simultaneously suppress several key processes in the tumor cell. This review is focused on a group of plant-derived natural compounds that simultaneously target different pathways of cancer-associated metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, respiration, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. We discuss only those compounds that display inhibitory activity against several metabolic pathways as well as a number of important signaling pathways in cancer. Information about their pharmacokinetics in animals and humans is also presented. Taken together, a number of known plant-derived compounds may target multiple metabolic and signaling pathways in various malignancies, something that bears great potential for the further improvement of antineoplastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Yulia Kirdeeva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Sergey Parfenyev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (Y.K.); (A.D.); (O.F.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 20000, Kazakhstan
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Halma MTJ, Tuszynski JA, Marik PE. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4245. [PMID: 37836529 PMCID: PMC10574675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is amenable to low-cost treatments, given that it has a significant metabolic component, which can be affected through diet and lifestyle change at minimal cost. The Warburg hypothesis states that cancer cells have an altered cell metabolism towards anaerobic glycolysis. Given this metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, it is possible to target cancers metabolically by depriving them of glucose. In addition to dietary and lifestyle modifications which work on tumors metabolically, there are a panoply of nutritional supplements and repurposed drugs associated with cancer prevention and better treatment outcomes. These interventions and their evidentiary basis are covered in the latter half of this review to guide future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. J. Halma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EbMC Squared CIC, Bath BA2 4BL, UK
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-1029 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul E. Marik
- Frontline COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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Sun X, Li Q, Tang Y, Hu W, Chen G, An H, Huang D, Tong T, Zhang Y. Epigenetic activation of secretory phenotypes in senescence by the FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:481. [PMID: 37516739 PMCID: PMC10387070 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Although metabolic reprogramming is characterized as a hallmark of aging, implications of the crucial glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in human senescence remain poorly understood. Here, we report that GDH activity is significantly increased in aged mice and senescent human diploid fibroblasts. This enzymatic potentiation is associated with de-repression of GDH from its functionally suppressive ADP-ribosylation modification catalyzed by NAD-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase/deacetylase SIRT4. A series of transcription analyses led to the identification of FOXQ1, a forkhead family transcription factor (TF), responsible for the maintenance of SIRT4 expression levels in juvenile cells. However, this metabolically balanced FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH axis, is shifted in senescence with gradually decreasing expressions of FOXQ1 and SIRT4 and elevated GDH activity. Importantly, pharmaceutical inhibition of GDH suppresses the aberrantly activated transcription of IL-6 and IL-8, two major players in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and this action is mechanistically associated with erasure of the repressive H3K9me3 (trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3) marks at IL-6 and IL-8 promoters, owing to the requirement of α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) from GDH-mediated glutamate dehydrogenase reaction as a cofactor for histone demethylation. In supplement with the phenotypic evidence from FOXQ1/SIRT4/GDH manipulations, these data support the integration of metabolism alterations and epigenetic regulation in driving senescence progression and highlight the FOXQ1-SIRT4-GDH axis as a novel druggable target for improving human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyi Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wanjin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Gengyao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongguang An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Daoyuan Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zhang Y, Bian Z, Lu H, Wang L, Xu J, Wang C. Association between tea consumption and glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in the Shanghai High-risk Diabetic Screen (SHiDS) study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:11/2/e003266. [PMID: 36931660 PMCID: PMC10030497 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between tea consumption and glucose metabolism remains controversial. This study investigated the associations of tea consumption with impaired glucose regulation, insulin secretion and sensitivity in Shanghai High-risk Diabetic Screen project. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2337 Chinese subjects were enrolled in the study from 2014 to 2019. Each participant conducted a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with five-point glucose and insulin level examined. They also completed a nurse-administered standard questionnaire including tea, coffee, and alcohol consumption, smoking habit, physical activity, education, sleep quality, etc. RESULTS: The result showed that tea consumption was positively associated with plasma glucose levels during OGTT after adjusting for confounder (Ps <0.05) and was associated with worsening glucose tolerance (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.44; p=0.034). Strong tea consumption or long-term tea intake (>10 years) had an increased risk of glucose intolerance (all p<0.05). These associations did not vary in participants drinking green tea. In addition, insulin secretion indexes were decreased 7.0%-13.0% in tea consumption group. Logistic regression analysis showed that tea consumption was independently associated with lower insulin secretion (homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.97; p=0.021); Stumvoll first-phase index (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.97; p=0.020)) in a fully adjusted model. Green tea consumption showed a negative association with insulin secretion (HOMA-β (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.96; p=0.019)). CONCLUSIONS Tea intake is associated with an increased risk of glucose intolerance in a large high-risk diabetic Chinese population. Habitual tea consumption subjects might have lower pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- The Metabolic Disease Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouliang Bian
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Lu
- The Metabolic Disease Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfang Xu
- Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, school of medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Targeting Glutaminolysis Shows Efficacy in Both Prednisolone-Sensitive and in Metabolically Rewired Prednisolone-Resistant B-Cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043378. [PMID: 36834787 PMCID: PMC9965631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (cALL) remains poor. The main reason for treatment failure is drug resistance, most commonly to glucocorticoids (GCs). The molecular differences between prednisolone-sensitive and -resistant lymphoblasts are not well-studied, thereby precluding the development of novel and targeted therapies. Therefore, the aim of this work was to elucidate at least some aspects of the molecular differences between matched pairs of GC-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. To address this, we carried out an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, which revealed that lack of response to prednisolone may be underpinned by alterations in oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, amino acid, pyruvate and nucleotide biosynthesis, as well as activation of mTORC1 and MYC signalling, which are also known to control cell metabolism. In an attempt to explore the potential therapeutic effect of inhibiting one of the hits from our analysis, we targeted the glutamine-glutamate-α-ketoglutarate axis by three different strategies, all of which impaired mitochondrial respiration and ATP production and induced apoptosis. Thereby, we report that prednisolone resistance may be accompanied by considerable rewiring of transcriptional and biosynthesis programs. Among other druggable targets that were identified in this study, inhibition of glutamine metabolism presents a potential therapeutic approach in GC-sensitive, but more importantly, in GC-resistant cALL cells. Lastly, these findings may be clinically relevant in the context of relapse-in publicly available datasets, we found gene expression patterns suggesting that in vivo drug resistance is characterised by similar metabolic dysregulation to what we found in our in vitro model.
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Glutamine-Driven Metabolic Adaptation to COVID-19 Infection. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:83-93. [PMID: 35431470 PMCID: PMC8992789 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is known to be transmitted by direct contact, droplets or feces/orally. There are many factors which determines the clinical progression of the disease. Aminoacid disturbance in viral disease is shown in many studies. İn this study we aimed to evaluate the change of aminoacid metabolism especially the aspartate, glutamine and glycine levels which have been associated with an immune defence effect in viral disease. Methods Blood samples from 35 volunteer patients with COVID-19, concretized diagnosis was made by oropharyngeal from nazofaringeal swab specimens and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and 35 control group were analyzed. The amino acid levels were measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. Two groups were compared by Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U. The square test was used to evaluate the tests obtained by counting, and the error level was taken as 0.05. Results The average age of the patient and control group were 48.5 ± 14.9 and 48.8 ± 14.6 years respectively. The decrease in aspartate (p = 5.5 × 10-9) and glutamine levels (p = 9.0 × 10-17) were significiantly in COVID group, whereas Glycine (p = 0.243) increase was not significiant. Conclusions Metabolic pathways, are affected in rapidly dividing cells in viral diseases which are important for immun defence. We determined that aspartate, glutamine and glycine levels in Covid 19 patients were affected by the warburg effect, malate aspartate shuttle, glutaminolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. Enteral or parenteral administration of these plasma amino acid levels will correct the duration and pathophysiology of the patients' stay in hospital and intensive care.
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Duarte-Silva AT, Ximenes LGR, Guimarães-Souza M, Domith I, Paes-de-Carvalho R. Chemical signaling in the developing avian retina: Focus on cyclic AMP and AKT-dependent pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1058925. [PMID: 36568967 PMCID: PMC9780464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1058925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between developing progenitor cells as well as differentiated neurons and glial cells in the nervous system is made through direct cell contacts and chemical signaling mediated by different molecules. Several of these substances are synthesized and released by developing cells and play roles since early stages of Central Nervous System development. The chicken retina is a very suitable model for neurochemical studies, including the study of regulation of signaling pathways during development. Among advantages of the model are its very well-known histogenesis, the presence of most neurotransmitter systems found in the brain and the possibility to make cultures of neurons and/or glial cells where many neurochemical functions develop in a similar way than in the intact embryonic tissue. In the chicken retina, some neurotransmitters or neuromodulators as dopamine, adenosine, and others are coupled to cyclic AMP production or adenylyl cyclase inhibition since early stages of development. Other substances as vitamin C and nitric oxide are linked to the major neurotransmitter glutamate and AKT metabolism. All these different systems regulate signaling pathways, including PKA, PKG, SRC, AKT and ERK, and the activation of the transcription factor CREB. Dopamine and adenosine stimulate cAMP accumulation in the chick embryo retina through activation of D1 and A2a receptors, respectively, but the onset of dopamine stimulation is much earlier than that of adenosine. However, adenosine can inhibit adenylyl cyclase and modulate dopamine-dependent cAMP increase since early developmental stages through A1 receptors. Dopamine stimulates different PKA as well as EPAC downstream pathways both in intact tissue and in culture as the CSK-SRC pathway modulating glutamate NMDA receptors as well as vitamin C release and CREB phosphorylation. By the other hand, glutamate modulates nitric oxide production and AKT activation in cultured retinal cells and this pathway controls neuronal survival in retina. Glutamate and adenosine stimulate the release of vitamin C and this vitamin regulates the transport of glutamate, activation of NMDA receptors and AKT phosphorylation in cultured retinal cells. In the present review we will focus on these reciprocal interactions between neurotransmitters or neuromodulators and different signaling pathways during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Duarte-Silva
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - L. G. R. Ximenes
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - M. Guimarães-Souza
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - I. Domith
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - R. Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,*Correspondence: R. Paes-de-Carvalho,
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Nnatubeugo C, Johnson E, Gisondi S, Roland F, Geldenhuys WJ, Menze MA, Konkle ME. The Mitochondrial Protein MitoNEET as a Probe for the Allostery of Glutamate Dehydrogenase. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238314. [PMID: 36500407 PMCID: PMC9737137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The proteins glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and mitoNEET are both targets of drug development efforts to treat metabolic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, these two proteins differ starkly in the current knowledge about ligand binding sites. MitoNEET is a [2Fe-2S]-containing protein with no obvious binding site for small ligands observed in its crystal structures. In contrast, GDH is known to have a variety of ligands at multiple allosteric sites thereby leading to complex regulation in activity. In fact, while GDH can utilize either NAD(H) or NADP(H) for catalysis at the active site, only NAD(H) binds at a regulatory site to inhibit GDH activity. Previously, we found that mitoNEET forms a covalent bond with GDH in vitro and increases the catalytic activity of the enzyme. In this study we evaluated the effects of mitoNEET binding on the allosteric control of GDH conferred by inhibitors. We examined all effectors using NAD or NADP as the coenzyme to determine allosteric linkage by the NAD-binding regulatory site. We found that GDH activity, in the presence of the inhibitory palmitoyl-CoA and EGCG, can be rescued by mitoNEET, regardless of the coenzyme used. This suggests that mitoNEET rescues GDH by stabilizing the open conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimere Nnatubeugo
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 W. University Avenue, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Erica Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 W. University Avenue, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Sarah Gisondi
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USA
| | - Felicia Roland
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USA
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Michael A. Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mary E. Konkle
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, 2000 W. University Avenue, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yin X, Peng J, Gu L, Liu Y, Li X, Wu J, Xu B, Zhuge Y, Zhang F. Targeting glutamine metabolism in hepatic stellate cells alleviates liver fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:955. [PMID: 36376267 PMCID: PMC9663710 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism plays an essential role in cell growth, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme. GDH promotes the metabolism of glutamate and glutamine to generate ATP, which is profoundly increased in multiple human cancers. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we verified that the small-molecule GDH inhibitor EGCG slowed the progression of fibrosis by inhibiting GDH enzyme activity and glutamine metabolism. SIRT4 is a mitochondrial enzyme with NAD that promotes ADP ribosylation and downregulates GDH activity. The role of SIRT4 in liver fibrosis and the related mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we measured the expression of SIRT4 and found that it was downregulated in liver fibrosis. Modest overexpression of SIRT4 protected the liver from fibrosis by inhibiting the transformation of glutamate to 2-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), thereby reducing the proliferative activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Collectively, our study reveals that SIRT4 controls GDH enzyme activity and expression, targeting glutamine metabolism in HSCs and alleviating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Yin
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Jin Peng
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XHepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center & Liver Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Gu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Liu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Xihan Li
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XJiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Bing Xu
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Feng Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
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11
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Arra M, Swarnkar G, Adapala NS, Naqvi SK, Cai L, Rai MF, Singamaneni S, Mbalaviele G, Brophy R, Abu-Amer Y. Glutamine metabolism modulates chondrocyte inflammatory response. eLife 2022; 11:e80725. [PMID: 35916374 PMCID: PMC9371604 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in the world with significant societal consequences but lacks effective disease-modifying interventions. The pathophysiology consists of a prominent inflammatory component that can be targeted to prevent cartilage degradation and structural defects. Intracellular metabolism has emerged as a culprit of the inflammatory response in chondrocytes, with both processes co-regulating each other. The role of glutamine metabolism in chondrocytes, especially in the context of inflammation, lacks a thorough understanding and is the focus of this work. We display that mouse chondrocytes utilize glutamine for energy production and anabolic processes. Furthermore, we show that glutamine deprivation itself causes metabolic reprogramming and decreases the inflammatory response of chondrocytes through inhibition of NF-κB activity. Finally, we display that glutamine deprivation promotes autophagy and that ammonia is an inhibitor of autophagy. Overall, we identify a relationship between glutamine metabolism and inflammatory signaling and display the need for increased study of chondrocyte metabolic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Arra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Gaurav Swarnkar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Naga Suresh Adapala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Syeda Kanwal Naqvi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Bone and Mineral Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Robert Brophy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Saint Louis, United States
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12
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Sharma S, Agnihotri N, Kumar S. Targeting fuel pocket of cancer cell metabolism: A focus on glutaminolysis. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is the first enzyme in glycolysis to generate a molecule of ATP in the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG). In addition to the role of glycolysis, PGK-1 acts as a polymerase alpha cofactor protein, with effects on the tricarboxylic acid cycle, DNA replication and repair. Posttranslational modifications such as methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation have been seen to activate PGK1 in cancer. High levels of intracellular PGK1 are associated with tumorigenesis and progression, and chemoradiotherapy resistance. However, high levels of extracellular PGK1 suppress angiogenesis and subsequently counteract cancer malignancy. Here we have summarized the current knowledge on the mechanisms and effects of PGK1 in various tumor types and evaluated its potential prognostic and therapeutic value in cancer. The data summarized here aims at providing molecular information and new ideas of employing natural products to combat cancer associated with PGK1.
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Lešnik S, Bren U. Mechanistic Insights into Biological Activities of Polyphenolic Compounds from Rosemary Obtained by Inverse Molecular Docking. Foods 2021; 11:67. [PMID: 35010191 PMCID: PMC8750736 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) represents a medicinal plant known for its various health-promoting properties. Its extracts and essential oils exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial activities. The main compounds responsible for these effects are the diterpenes carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol, as well as the phenolic acid ester rosmarinic acid. However, surprisingly little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pharmacological activities of rosemary and its compounds. To discern these mechanisms, we performed a large-scale inverse molecular docking study to identify their potential protein targets. Listed compounds were separately docked into predicted binding sites of all non-redundant holo proteins from the Protein Data Bank and those with the top scores were further examined. We focused on proteins directly related to human health, including human and mammalian proteins as well as proteins from pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The observed interactions of rosemary compounds indeed confirm the beforementioned activities, whereas we also identified their potential for anticoagulant and antiparasitic actions. The obtained results were carefully checked against the existing experimental findings from the scientific literature as well as further validated using both redocking procedures and retrospective metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Lešnik
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Urban Bren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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15
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Jeong J, Lee J, Kim JH, Lim C. Metabolic flux from the Krebs cycle to glutamate transmission tunes a neural brake on seizure onset. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009871. [PMID: 34714823 PMCID: PMC8555787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) manifests as neurological dysfunctions, including early-onset seizures. Mutations in the citrate transporter SLC13A5 are associated with KTS, yet their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that a Drosophila SLC13A5 homolog, I'm not dead yet (Indy), constitutes a neurometabolic pathway that suppresses seizure. Loss of Indy function in glutamatergic neurons caused "bang-induced" seizure-like behaviors. In fact, glutamate biosynthesis from the citric acid cycle was limiting in Indy mutants for seizure-suppressing glutamate transmission. Oral administration of the rate-limiting α-ketoglutarate in the metabolic pathway rescued low glutamate levels in Indy mutants and ameliorated their seizure-like behaviors. This metabolic control of the seizure susceptibility was mapped to a pair of glutamatergic neurons, reversible by optogenetic controls of their activity, and further relayed onto fan-shaped body neurons via the ionotropic glutamate receptors. Accordingly, our findings reveal a micro-circuit that links neural metabolism to seizure, providing important clues to KTS-associated neurodevelopmental deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-hyung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Bian Y, Hou W, Chen X, Fang J, Xu N, Ruan BH. Glutamate Dehydrogenase as a Promising Target for Hyperinsulinism Hyperammonemia Syndrome Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2652-2672. [PMID: 34525914 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210825105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare disease characterized by recurrent hypoglycemia and persistent elevation of plasma ammonia, and it can lead to severe epilepsy and permanent brain damage. It has been demonstrated that functional mutations of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix, are responsible for the HHS. Thus, GDH has become a promising target for the small molecule therapeutic intervention of HHS. Several medicinal chemistry studies are currently aimed at GDH, however, to date, none of the compounds reported has been entered clinical trials. This perspective summarizes the progress in the discovery and development of GDH inhibitors, including the pathogenesis of HHS, potential binding sites, screening methods, and research models. Future therapeutic perspectives are offered to provide a reference for discovering potent GDH modulators and encourage additional research that will provide more comprehensive guidance for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Bian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hantgzhou 310014. China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hantgzhou 310014. China
| | - Xinrou Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hantgzhou 310014. China
| | - Jinzhang Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hantgzhou 310014. China
| | - Ning Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hantgzhou 310014. China
| | - Benfang Helen Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hantgzhou 310014. China
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17
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Li T, Copeland C, Le A. Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:17-38. [PMID: 34014532 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental process for all cellular functions. For decades, there has been growing evidence of a relationship between metabolism and malignant cell proliferation. Unlike normal differentiated cells, cancer cells have reprogrammed metabolism in order to fulfill their energy requirements. These cells display crucial modifications in many metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis, which include the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the electron transport chain (ETC), and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) [1]. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect, it has been shown that the metabolism of cancer cells plays a critical role in cancer survival and growth. More recent research suggests that the involvement of glutamine in cancer metabolism is more significant than previously thought. Glutamine, a nonessential amino acid with both amine and amide functional groups, is the most abundant amino acid circulating in the bloodstream [2]. This chapter discusses the characteristic features of glutamine metabolism in cancers and the therapeutic options to target glutamine metabolism for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Wang QQ, Li MX, Li C, Gu XX, Zheng MZ, Chen LX, Li H. Natural Products and Derivatives Targeting at Cancer Energy Metabolism: A Potential Treatment Strategy. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:205-217. [PMID: 32337682 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the 1920s, Dr Otto Warburg first suggested the significant difference in energy metabolism between malignant cancer cells and adjacent normal cells. Tumor cells mainly adopt the glycolysis as energy source to maintain tumor cell growth and biosynthesis under aerobic conditions. Investigation on energy metabolism pathway in cancer cells has aroused the interest of cancer researchers all around the world. In recent years, plentiful studies suggest that targeting the peculiar cancer energy metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation may be an effective strategy to starve cancer cells by blocking essential nutrients. Natural products (NPs) are considered as the "treasure trove of small molecules drugs" and have played an extremely remarkable role in the discovery and development of anticancer drugs. And numerous NPs have been reported to act on cancer energy metabolism targets. Herein, a comprehensive overview about cancer energy metabolism targets and their natural-occurring inhibitors is prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ming-Xue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chen Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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19
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Rebas E, Rzajew J, Radzik T, Zylinska L. Neuroprotective Polyphenols: A Modulatory Action on Neurotransmitter Pathways. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:431-445. [PMID: 31903883 PMCID: PMC7457434 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200106155127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance in neurotransmission is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and even a small, but prolonged disturbance, can induce the negative feedback mechanisms leading to various neuropathologies. Neurodegenerative and mood disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or affective disorders are increasing medical and social problems. Among the wide spectrum of potentially destructive events, oxidative stress and disrupted metabolism of some neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, serotonin or dopamine appear to play a decisive role. Biologically active plant polyphenols have been shown to exert a positive impact on the function of the central nervous system by modulation of metabolism and the action of some neurotransmitters. METHODS Based on published research, the pharmacological activities of some naturally occurring polyphenols have been reviewed, with a focus on their potential therapeutic importance in the regulation of neurotransmitter systems. RESULTS Phytochemicals can be classified into several groups and most of them possess anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. They can also modulate the metabolism or action of some neurotransmitters and/or their receptors. Based on these properties, phytochemicals have been used in traditional medicine for ages, although it was focused mainly on treating symptoms. However, growing evidence indicates that polyphenols may also prevent or slow neurological diseases. CONCLUSION Phytochemicals seem to be less toxic than synthetic drugs and they can be a safer alternative for currently used preparations, which exert adverse side effects. The neuroprotective actions of some plant polyphenols in the regulation of neurotransmitters metabolism, functioning of neurotransmitters receptors and antioxidative defense have potential therapeutic applications in various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Rebas
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jowita Rzajew
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Radzik
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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20
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Yeh LC, Shyu HW, Jin YR, Chiou YH, Lin KH, Chou MC, Huang MH, Wang YF. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate downregulates PDHA1 interfering the metabolic pathways in human herpesvirus 8 harboring primary effusion lymphoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 65:104753. [PMID: 31857147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive neoplasm correlated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancers. The alterations in cellular metabolism are important to the survival of HHV8 latently infected cells. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) controls the flux of metabolites between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and is a key enzyme in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Glutaminolysis is required for the survival of PEL cells. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) converts glutamate into α-ketoglutarate supplying the TCA cycle with intermediates to support anaplerosis. Previously we have observed that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can induce PEL cell death and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) attenuates EGCG induced PEL cell death. In this study, results showed that EGCG upregulated the expression of glucose transporter GLUT3, and reduced the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha (PDHA1), the major regulator of PDH, and GDH1. NAC could partially reverse the effects of EGCG in PEL cells. Overexpression of PDHA1 in PEL cells or supplement of α-ketoglutarate attenuated EGCG induced cell death. EGCG also reduced the levels of oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). These results suggest that EGCG may modulate the metabolism of PEL cells leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chun Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin-University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huey-Wen Shyu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin-University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ru Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung,Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yee-Hsuan Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hua Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin-University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miao-Chen Chou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin-University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Han Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin-University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Fen Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin-University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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21
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Natarajan SK, Venneti S. Glutamine Metabolism in Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1628. [PMID: 31652923 PMCID: PMC6893651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells. Tumor cells rewire their metabolism to support their uncontrolled proliferation by taking up nutrients from the microenvironment. The amino acid glutamine is a key nutrient that fuels biosynthetic processes including ATP generation, redox homeostasis, nucleotide, protein, and lipid synthesis. Glutamine as a precursor for the neurotransmitter glutamate, and plays a critical role in the normal functioning of the brain. Brain tumors that grow in this glutamine/glutamate rich microenvironment can make synaptic connections with glutamatergic neurons and reprogram glutamine metabolism to enable their growth. In this review, we examine the functions of glutamate/glutamine in the brain and how brain tumor cells reprogram glutamine metabolism. Altered glutamine metabolism can be leveraged to develop non-invasive imaging strategies and we review these imaging modalities. Finally, we examine if targeting glutamine metabolism could serve as a therapeutic strategy in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Natarajan
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan 3520E MSRB 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 41804, USA.
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22
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Blaylock RL. Accelerated cancer aggressiveness by viral oncomodulation: New targets and newer natural treatments for cancer control and treatment. Surg Neurol Int 2019; 10:199. [PMID: 31768279 PMCID: PMC6826277 DOI: 10.25259/sni_361_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An infectious etiology for a number of cancers has been entertained for over 100 years and modern studies have confirmed that a number of viruses are linked to cancer induction. While a large number of viruses have been demonstrated in a number of types of cancers, most such findings have been dismissed in the past as opportunistic infections, especially with persistent viruses with high rates of infectivity of the world’s populations. More recent studies have clearly shown that while not definitely causing these cancers, these viruses appear capable of affecting the biology of these tumors in such a way as to make them more aggressive and more resistant to conventional treatments. The term oncomodulatory viruses has been used to describe this phenomenon. A number of recent studies have shown a growing number of ways these oncomodulatory viruses can alter the pathology of these tumors by affecting cell-signaling, cell metabolism, apoptosis mechanisms, cell-cell communication, inflammation, antitumor immunity suppression, and angiogenesis. We are also learning that much of the behavior of tumors depends on cancer stem cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, which participate in extensive, dynamic crosstalk known to affect tumor behavior. Cancer stem cells have been found to be particularly susceptible to infection by human cytomegalovirus. In a number of studies, it has been shown that while only a select number of cells are actually infected with the virus, numerous viral proteins are released into cancer and stromal cells in the microenvironment and these viral proteins are known to affect tumor behavior and aggressiveness.
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Abstract
Warburg and coworkers' observation of altered glucose metabolism in tumours has been neglected for several decades, which, in part, was because of an initial misinterpretation of the basis of their finding. Following the realisation that genetic alterations are often linked to metabolism, and that the tumour micro-environment imposes different demands on cancer cells, has led to a reinvestigation of cancer metabolism in recent years. Increasing our understanding of the drivers and consequences of the Warburg effect in cancer and beyond will help to identify new therapeutic strategies as well as to identify new prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Here we discuss the initial findings of Warburg and coworkers regarding cancer cell glucose metabolism, how these studies came into focus again in recent years following the discovery of metabolic oncogenes, and the therapeutic potential that lies within targeting the altered metabolic phenotype in cancer. In addition, another essential nutrient in cancer metabolism, glutamine, will be discussed.
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24
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Feng Z, Hou X, Zhu C, Zhu J, Jiang C. Retracted: Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates morphological changes of pancreatic islets in diabetic mice and downregulates blood sugar level by inhibiting the accumulation of AGE-RAGE. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8510-8520. [PMID: 30582209 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the key mechanisms and effects of the functional component of green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on a diabetic mouse model. The detected relationship between compounds and genes recorded in the STITCH database highlighted an interaction network between the direct target genes of EGCG and the known diabetes-related genes, which was made apparent through the analysis of gene-gene interactions and signaling pathways, revealing that a key AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetes was enriched in the network. By means of systematic supplementary analyses on diabetic mice, provided evidence suggested that EGCG could significantly enhance the morphology of pancreatic tissues in diabetic mice and downregulate the blood glucose level in a clear dose effect manner, and increased insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS1 and IRS2) expression in the liver. Through the detection of protein expression, EGCG was observed to possess the ability to downregulate the accumulation of AGE-RAGE in pancreatic tissues as well as in the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which represents a potentially significant method by which EGCG influences diabetes. The results of this study provided evidence indicating that EGCG can effectively improve the morphology of pancreatic tissues, but notably reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, which may be related to its inhibition of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and activation of transcription factor NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Jining NO. 1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiumei Hou
- Nursing Department, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chuanan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Jiabin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chunxiao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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Chung E, Campise SN, Joiner HE, Tomison MD, Kaur G, Dufour JM, Cole L, Ramalingam L, Moustaid-Moussa N, Shen CL. Effect of annatto-extracted tocotrienols and green tea polyphenols on glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle metabolism in obese male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pan HM, Chen S, Jang TS, Han WT, Jung HD, Li Y, Song J. Plant seed-inspired cell protection, dormancy, and growth for large-scale biofabrication. Biofabrication 2019; 11:025008. [PMID: 30708358 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab03ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication technologies have endowed us with the capability to fabricate complex biological constructs. However, cytotoxic biofabrication conditions have been a major challenge for their clinical application, leading to a trade-off between cell viability and scalability of biofabricated constructs. Taking inspiration from nature, we proposed a cell protection strategy which mimicks the protected and dormant state of plant seeds in adverse external conditions and their germination in response to appropriate environmental cues. Applying this bioinspired strategy to biofabrication, we successfully preserved cell viability and enhanced the seeding of cell-laden biofabricated constructs via a cytoprotective pyrogallol (PG)-alginate encapsulation system. Our cytoprotective encapsulation technology utilizes PG-triggered sporulation and germination processes to preserve cells, is mechanically robust, chemically resistant, and highly customizable to adequately match cell protectability with cytotoxicity of biofabrication conditions. More importantly, the facile and tunable decapsulation of our PG-alginate system allows for effective germination of dormant cells, under typical culture conditions. With this approach, we have successfully achieved a biofabrication process which is reproducible, scalable, and provided a practical solution for off-the-shelf availability, shipping and temporary storage of fabricated bio-constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houwen Matthew Pan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 639798, Singapore
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Discovery and development of small molecule modulators targeting glutamine metabolism. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:215-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Decrement in Cellular Iron and Reactive Oxygen Species, and Improvement of Insulin Secretion in a Pancreatic Cell Line Using Green Tea Extract. Pancreas 2019; 48:636-643. [PMID: 31091209 PMCID: PMC6553981 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have investigated the efficacy of mono- and combined therapy with green tea extract (GTE) in mobilizing redox iron, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improving insulin production in iron-loaded pancreatic cells. METHODS Rat insulinoma pancreatic β-cells were iron-loaded using culture medium supplemented with either fetal bovine serum or ferric ammonium citrate and treated with various doses of GTE for epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) equivalence and in combination with iron chelators. Cellular iron, ROS, and secretory insulin were measured. RESULTS The rat insulinoma pancreatic cells took up iron from fetal bovine serum more rapidly than ferric ammonium citrate. After treatment with GTE (0.23-2.29 μg EGCG equivalent), cellular levels of iron and ROS were dose dependently decreased. Importantly, secretory insulin levels were increased nearly 2.5-fold with 2.29 μg of EGCG equivalent GTE, indicating a recovery in insulin production. CONCLUSIONS Green tea EGCG ameliorated oxidative damage of iron-loaded β-cells by removing redox iron and free radicals and attenuating insulin production. The impact can result in the restoration of pancreatic functions and an increase in insulin production. Green tea extract exerts iron-chelating, free-radical scavenging, and pancreato-protective effects in the restoration of β-cell functions, all of which we believe can increase insulin production in diabetic β-thalassemia patients.
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Xu L, Chen J, Liu W, Liang C, Hu H, Huang J. Targeting androgen receptor-independent pathways in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2019; 6:91-98. [PMID: 30775252 PMCID: PMC6363598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critically required for the development of prostate cancer (PCa), targeting AR axis has been the standard treatment of choice for advanced and metastatic PCa. Unfortunately, although the tumor initially responds to the therapy, treatment resistance eventually develops and the disease will progress. It is therefore imperative to identify the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and novel molecular targets that are independent of AR signaling. Recent advances in pathology, molecular biology, genetics and genomics research have revealed novel AR-independent pathways that contribute to PCa carcinogenesis and progression. They include neuroendocrine differentiation, cell metabolism, DNA damage repair pathways and immune-mediated mechanisms. The development of novel agents targeting the non-AR mechanisms holds great promise to treat PCa that does not respond to AR-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Natural activators of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and their pharmacological activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Nassar OM, Li C, Stanley CA, Pettitt BM, Smith TJ. Glutamate dehydrogenase: Structure of a hyperinsulinism mutant, corrections to the atomic model, and insights into a regulatory site. Proteins 2018; 87:41-50. [PMID: 30367518 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has complex allosteric regulation and the loss of GTP inhibition causes the hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome (HHS) where insulin is hypersecreted upon consumption of protein. The archetypical HHS lesion is H454Y and lies in the GTP binding pocket. To better understand the mechanism of HHS, we determined the crystal structure of H454Y. When the bovine GDH crystal structures were minimized to prepare for further computational analysis, unusually large deviations were found at the allosteric NADH binding site due to chemical sequence errors. Notably, 387 lies in an allosteric where several activators and inhibitors bind and should be lysine rather than asparagine. All structures were re-refined and the consequence of this sequence error on NADH binding was calculated using free energy perturbation. The binding free energy penalty going from the correct to incorrect sequence found is +5 kcal/mol per site and therefore has a significant impact on drug development. BROADER AUDIENCE ABSTRACT: Glutamate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme involved in amino acid catabolism. As such, it is heavily regulated in animals by a wide array of metabolites. The importance of this regulation is most apparent in a genetic disorder called hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HHS) where patients hypersecrete insulin upon the consumption of protein. We determined the atomic structure of one of these HHS mutants to better understand the disease and also analyzed an allosteric regulatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omneya M Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles A Stanley
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - B Montgomery Pettitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Thomas J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Domith I, Duarte-Silva AT, Garcia CG, Calaza KDC, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Cossenza M. Chlorogenic acids inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase and decrease intracellular ATP levels in cultures of chick embryo retina cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:393-402. [PMID: 30031809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are a group of phenolic compounds found in worldwide consumed beverages such as coffee and green tea. They are synthesized from an esterification reaction between cinnamic acids, including caffeic (CFA), ferulic and p-coumaric acids with quinic acid (QA), forming several mono- and di-esterified isomers. The most prevalent and studied compounds are 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA) and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), widely described as having antioxidant and cell protection effects. CGAs can also modulate glutamate release from microglia by a mechanism involving a decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased energy metabolism is highly associated with enhancement of ROS production and cellular damage. Glutamate can also be used as an energy source by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzyme, providing α-ketoglutarate to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for ATP synthesis. High GDH activity is associated with some disorders, such as schizophrenia and hyperinsulinemia/hyperammonemia syndrome. In line with this, our objective was to investigate the effect of CGAs on GDH activity. We show that CGAs and CFA inhibits GDH activity in dose-dependent manner, reaching complete inhibition at high concentration with IC50 of 52 μM for 3-CQA and 158.2 μM for CFA. Using live imaging confocal microscopy and microplate reader, we observed that 3-CQA and CFA can be transported into neuronal cells by an Na+-dependent mechanism. Moreover, neuronal cells treated with CGAs presented lower intracellular ATP levels. Overall, these data suggest that CGAs have therapeutic potential for treatment of disorders associated with high GDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Domith
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karin da Costa Calaza
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cossenza
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
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Pi M, Kapoor K, Ye R, Smith JC, Baudry J, Quarles LD. GPCR6A Is a Molecular Target for the Natural Products Gallate and EGCG in Green Tea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700770. [PMID: 29468843 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The molecular mechanisms whereby gallates in green tea exert metabolic effects are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that GPRC6A, a multi-ligand-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor that regulates energy metabolism, sex hormone production, and prostate cancer progression, is a target for gallates. Sodium gallate (SG), gallic acid (GA) > ethyl gallate (EG) > octyl gallate (OG) dose dependently activated ERK in HEK-293 cells transfected with GPRC6A but not in non-transfected controls. SG also stimulated insulin secretion in β-cells isolated from wild-type mice similar to the endogenous GPRC6A ligands, osteocalcin (Ocn) and testosterone (T). Side-chain additions to create OG resulted in loss of GPRC6A agonist activity. Another component of green tea, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), dose-dependently inhibited Ocn activation of GPRC6A in HEK-293 cells transfected with GPRC6A and blocked the effect of Ocn in stimulating glucose production in CH10T1/2 cells. Using structural models of the venus fly trap (VFT) and 7-transmembrane (7-TM) domains of GPRC6A, calculations suggest that l-amino acids and GA bind to the VFT, whereas EGCG is calculated to bind to sites in both the VFT and 7-TM. CONCLUSION GA and EGCG have offsetting agonist and antagonist effects on GPRC6A that may account for the variable metabolic effect of green tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pi
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S Manassas St., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Karan Kapoor
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Ruisong Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S Manassas St., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jerome Baudry
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Leigh D Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 S Manassas St., Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Le CT, Leenders WPJ, Molenaar RJ, van Noorden CJF. Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Glioma: A Critical Evaluation of the Literature. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:317-333. [PMID: 29570984 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1446090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Gallate (EGCG) on glioma as a basis for future research on clinical application of EGCG. Epidemiological studies on the effects of green tea or EGCG on the risk of glioma is inconclusive due to the limited number of studies, the inclusion of all tea types in these studies, and the focus on caffeine rather than EGCG. In vivo experiments using EGCG monotherapy are inconclusive. Nevertheless, EGCG induces cell death, prevents cellular proliferation, and limits invasion in multiple glioma cell lines. Furthermore, EGCG enhances the efficacy of anti-glioma therapies, including irradiation, temozolomide, carmustine, cisplatin, tamoxifen, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, but reduces the effect of bortezomib. Pro-drugs, co-treatment, and encapsulation are being investigated to enhance clinical applicability of EGCG. Mechanisms of actions of EGCG have been partly elucidated. EGCG has both anti-oxidant and oxidant properties. EGCG inhibits pro-survival proteins, such as telomerase, survivin, GRP78, PEA15, and P-gp. EGCG inhibits signaling of PDGFR, IGF-1R, and 67LR. EGCG reduces invasiveness of cancer cells by inhibiting the activities of various metalloproteinases, cytokines, and chemokines. Last, EGCG inhibits some NADPH-producing enzymes, thus disturbing redox status and metabolism of glioma cells. In conclusion, EGCG may be a suitable adjuvant to potentiate anti-glioma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung T Le
- a Department of Medical Biology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Remco J Molenaar
- a Department of Medical Biology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- a Department of Medical Biology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Secker PF, Beneke S, Schlichenmaier N, Delp J, Gutbier S, Leist M, Dietrich DR. Canagliflozin mediated dual inhibition of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and complex I: an off-target adverse effect. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:226. [PMID: 29445145 PMCID: PMC5833677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent FDA Drug Safety Communications report an increased risk for acute kidney injury in patients treated with the gliflozin class of sodium/glucose co-transport inhibitors indicated for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To identify a potential rationale for the latter, we used an in vitro human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell model system (RPTEC/TERT1), physiologically representing human renal proximal tubule function. A targeted metabolomics approach, contrasting gliflozins to inhibitors of central carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function, revealed a double mode of action for canagliflozin, but not for its analogs dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. Canagliflozin inhibited the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I at clinically relevant concentrations. This dual inhibition specifically prevented replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites by glutamine (anaplerosis) and thus altered amino acid pools by increasing compensatory transamination reactions. Consequently, canagliflozin caused a characteristic intracellular accumulation of glutamine, glutamate and alanine in confluent, quiescent RPTEC/TERT1. Canagliflozin, but none of the classical ETC inhibitors, induced cytotoxicity at particularly low concentrations in proliferating RPTEC/TERT1, serving as model for proximal tubule regeneration in situ. This finding is testimony of the strong dependence of proliferating cells on glutamine anaplerosis via GDH. Our discovery of canagliflozin-mediated simultaneous inhibition of GDH and ETC complex I in renal cells at clinically relevant concentrations, and their particular susceptibility to necrotic cell death during proliferation, provides a mechanistic rationale for the adverse effects observed especially in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease or previous kidney injury characterized by sustained regenerative tubular epithelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp F Secker
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sascha Beneke
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nadja Schlichenmaier
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes Delp
- In-vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simon Gutbier
- In-vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In-vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel R Dietrich
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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36
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Zhang G, Hamaker BR. The nutritional property of endosperm starch and its contribution to the health benefits of whole grain foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3807-3817. [PMID: 26852626 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1130685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purported health benefits of whole grain foods in lowering risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are supported by epidemiological studies and scientific researches. Bioactive components including dietary fibers, phytochemicals, and various micronutrients present in the bran and germ are commonly considered as the basis for such benefits. Endosperm starch, as the major constituent of whole grains providing glucose to the body, has been less investigated regarding its nutritional property and contribution to the value of whole grain foods. Nutritional quality of starch is associated with its rate of digestion and glucose absorption. In whole grain foods, starch digestion and glucose delivery may vary depending on the form in which the food is delivered, some with starch being rapidly and others slowly digested. Furthermore, there are other inherent factors in whole grain products, such as phenolic compounds and dietary fibers, that may moderate glycemic profiles. A good understanding of the nutritional properties of whole grain starch is important to the development of food processing technologies to maximize their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyi Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- b Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana , USA
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38
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Payen VL, Porporato PE, Danhier P, Vazeille T, Blackman MCNM, May BH, Niebes P, Sonveaux P. (+)-Catechin in a 1:2 Complex with Lysine Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration and Metastatic Take in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:869. [PMID: 29255416 PMCID: PMC5722838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is of dismal prognosis for cancer patients, but recent evidence in mouse models of cancer shows that metastasis prevention is a reachable clinical objective. These experiments indicate that altered mitochondrial activities are associated with the metastatic phenotype. Mitochondrial transfer from metastatic to non-metastatic cells can indeed transfer the metastatic phenotype, and metastatic progenitor cells differ from other cancer cells by a higher sublethal production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants can prevent metastatic dissemination in mouse models of cancer. Comparatively, general antioxidants have unpredictable effects on cancer metastasis, most probably because they affect several cell types, several subcellular ROS production sites and, often, several endogenous oxidant species. Thus, targeting antioxidants to mitochondria could improve their antimetastatic activities, as previously exemplified with mitochondria-targeted mitoTEMPO and mitoQ that can prevent metastatic dissemination in cancer-bearing mice. Our objective in this study was to identify whether catechins, which are known to be potent antioxidants, can inhibit cancer cell migration in vitro and metastatic take in vivo. Comparative analysis of the response to epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (+)-catechin and (+)-catechin:lysine complexes revealed that, whereas all compounds had similar general antioxidant properties, (+)-catechin:lysine 1:2, but not epigallocatechin-3-gallate, can prevent metastatic take of melanoma cells to the lungs of mice. (+)-Catechin:lysine 1:2 possesses two net positive charges provided by lysines at physiological pH, which could provide high affinity for the negatively charged mitochondrial matrix. While this study reveals that (+)-catechin:lysine 1:2 has interesting antimetastatic effects, future experiments are needed to formally demonstrate the stability of the complex, its effective tropism for mitochondria and whether or not its activity can be globally attributed to its antioxidant activity at this precise subcellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Vazeille
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marine C N M Blackman
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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Smith HQ, Li C, Stanley CA, Smith TJ. Glutamate Dehydrogenase, a Complex Enzyme at a Crucial Metabolic Branch Point. Neurochem Res 2017; 44:117-132. [PMID: 29079932 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In-vitro, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). GDH is found in all organisms, but in animals is allosterically regulated by a wide array of metabolites. For many years, it was not at all clear why animals required such complex control. Further, in both standard textbooks and some research publications, there has been some controversy as to the directionality of the reaction. Here we review recent work demonstrating that GDH operates mainly in the catabolic direction in-vivo and that the finely tuned network of allosteric regulators allows GDH to meet the varied needs in a wide range of tissues in animals. Finally, we review the progress in using pharmacological agents to activate or inhibit GDH that could impact a wide range of pathologies from insulin disorders to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Q Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles A Stanley
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas James Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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40
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Lu M, Li C. Nutrient sensing in pancreatic islets: lessons from congenital hyperinsulinism and monogenic diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1411:65-82. [PMID: 29044608 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells sense changes in nutrients during the cycles of fasting and feeding and release insulin accordingly to maintain glucose homeostasis. Abnormal beta cell nutrient sensing resulting from gene mutations leads to hypoglycemia or diabetes. Glucokinase (GCK) plays a key role in beta cell glucose sensing. As one form of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), activating mutations of GCK result in a decreased threshold for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and hypoglycemia. In contrast, inactivating mutations of GCK result in diabetes, including a mild form (MODY2) and a severe form (permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM)). Mutations of beta cell ion channels involved in insulin secretion regulation also alter glucose sensing. Activating or inactivating mutations of ATP-dependent potassium (KATP ) channel genes result in severe but completely opposite clinical phenotypes, including PNDM and CHI. Mutations of the other ion channels, including voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv 7.1) and voltage-gated calcium channels, also lead to abnormal glucose sensing and CHI. Furthermore, amino acids can stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-independent manner in some forms of CHI, including activating mutations of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene, HDAH deficiency, and inactivating mutations of KATP channel genes. These genetic defects have provided insight into a better understanding of the complicated nature of beta cell fuel-sensing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics & Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics & Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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41
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Soares JMD, Pereira Leal AEB, Silva JC, Almeida JRGS, de Oliveira HP. Influence of Flavonoids on Mechanism of Modulation of Insulin Secretion. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:639-646. [PMID: 29200726 PMCID: PMC5701404 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_87_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of alternatives for insulin secretion control in vivo or in vitro represents an important aspect to be investigated. In this direction, natural products have been progressively explored with this aim. In particular, flavonoids are potential candidates to act as insulin secretagogue. OBJECTIVE To study the influence of flavonoid on overall modulation mechanisms of insulin secretion. METHODS The research was conducted in the following databases and platforms: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, SciELO, LILACS, and ScienceDirect, and the MeSH terms used for the search were flavonoids, flavones, islets of Langerhans, and insulin-secreting cells. RESULTS Twelve articles were included and represent the basis of discussion on mechanisms of insulin secretion of flavonoids. Papers in ISI Web of Knowledge were in number of 1, Scopus 44, PubMed 264, ScienceDirect 511, and no papers from LILACS and SciELO databases. CONCLUSION According to the literature, the majority of flavonoid subclasses can modulate insulin secretion through several pathways, in an indication that corresponding molecule is a potential candidate for active materials to be applied in the treatment of diabetes. SUMMARY The action of natural products on insulin secretion represents an important investigation topic due to their importance in the diabetes controlIn addition to their typical antioxidant properties, flavonoids contribute to the insulin secretionThe modulation of insulin secretion is induced by flavonoids according to different mechanisms. Abbreviations used: KATP channels: ATP-sensitive K+ channels, GLUT4: Glucose transporter 4, ERK1/2: Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2, L-VDCCs: L-type voltage-dependent Ca+2 channels, GLUT1: Glucose transporter 1, AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, PTP1B: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, GLUT2: Glucose transporter 2, cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, PKA: Protein kinase A, PTK: Protein tyrosine kinase, CaMK II: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, GSIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, Insig-1: Insulin-induced gene 1, IRS-2: Insulin receptor substrate 2, PDX-1: Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, SREBP-1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, DMC: Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone, GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1R: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliane Cabral Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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42
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Guerra F, Arbini AA, Moro L. Mitochondria and cancer chemoresistance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:686-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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44
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Castex J, Willmann D, Kanouni T, Arrigoni L, Li Y, Friedrich M, Schleicher M, Wöhrle S, Pearson M, Kraut N, Méret M, Manke T, Metzger E, Schüle R, Günther T. Inactivation of Lsd1 triggers senescence in trophoblast stem cells by induction of Sirt4. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2631. [PMID: 28230862 PMCID: PMC5386490 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of energy metabolism is essential for homeostasis of stem cells, whereas an imbalance in energy homeostasis causes disease and accelerated aging. Here we show that deletion or enzymatic inactivation of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1) triggers senescence in trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of TSCs following Lsd1 inhibition shows gene set enrichment of aging and metabolic pathways. Consistently, global metabolomic and phenotypic analyses disclose an unbalanced redox status, decreased glutamine anaplerosis and mitochondrial function. Loss of homeostasis is caused by increased expression of sirtuin 4 (Sirt4), a Lsd1-repressed direct target gene. Accordingly, Sirt4 overexpression in wild-type TSCs recapitulates the senescence phenotype initiated by Lsd1 deletion or inhibition. Inversely, absence of Lsd1 enzymatic activity concomitant with knockdown of Sirt4 reestablishes normal glutamine anaplerosis, redox balance and mitochondrial function. In conclusion, by repression of Sirt4, Lsd1 directs the epigenetic control of TSC immortality via maintenance of metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Castex
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominica Willmann
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Laura Arrigoni
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- metaSysX GmbH, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Marcel Friedrich
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Manke
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eric Metzger
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Standort Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Standort Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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45
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The Glutamate Dehydrogenase Pathway and Its Roles in Cell and Tissue Biology in Health and Disease. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010011. [PMID: 28208702 PMCID: PMC5372004 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a hexameric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia while reducing NAD(P)⁺ to NAD(P)H. It is found in all living organisms serving both catabolic and anabolic reactions. In mammalian tissues, oxidative deamination of glutamate via GDH generates α-ketoglutarate, which is metabolized by the Krebs cycle, leading to the synthesis of ATP. In addition, the GDH pathway is linked to diverse cellular processes, including ammonia metabolism, acid-base equilibrium, redox homeostasis (via formation of fumarate), lipid biosynthesis (via oxidative generation of citrate), and lactate production. While most mammals possess a single GDH1 protein (hGDH1 in the human) that is highly expressed in the liver, humans and other primates have acquired, via duplication, an hGDH2 isoenzyme with distinct functional properties and tissue expression profile. The novel hGDH2 underwent rapid evolutionary adaptation, acquiring unique properties that enable enhanced enzyme function under conditions inhibitory to its ancestor hGDH1. These are thought to provide a biological advantage to humans with hGDH2 evolution occurring concomitantly with human brain development. hGDH2 is co-expressed with hGDH1 in human brain, kidney, testis and steroidogenic organs, but not in the liver. In human cerebral cortex, hGDH1 and hGDH2 are expressed in astrocytes, the cells responsible for removing and metabolizing transmitter glutamate, and for supplying neurons with glutamine and lactate. In human testis, hGDH2 (but not hGDH1) is densely expressed in the Sertoli cells, known to provide the spermatids with lactate and other nutrients. In steroid producing cells, hGDH1/2 is thought to generate reducing equivalents (NADPH) in the mitochondria for the biosynthesis of steroidal hormones. Lastly, up-regulation of hGDH1/2 expression occurs in cancer, permitting neoplastic cells to utilize glutamine/glutamate for their growth. In addition, deregulation of hGDH1/2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human disorders.
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46
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Pournourmohammadi S, Grimaldi M, Stridh MH, Lavallard V, Waagepetersen HS, Wollheim CB, Maechler P. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) activates AMPK through the inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase in muscle and pancreatic ß-cells: A potential beneficial effect in the pre-diabetic state? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:220-225. [PMID: 28137482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is determined by insulin secretion from the ß-cells in pancreatic islets and by glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and other insulin target tissues. While glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) senses mitochondrial energy supply and regulates insulin secretion, its role in the muscle has not been elucidated. Here we investigated the possible interplay between GDH and the cytosolic energy sensing enzyme 5'-AMP kinase (AMPK), in both isolated islets and myotubes from mice and humans. The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was used to inhibit GDH. Insulin secretion was reduced by EGCG upon glucose stimulation and blocked in response to glutamine combined with the allosteric GDH activator BCH (2-aminobicyclo-[2,2,1] heptane-2-carboxylic acid). Insulin secretion was similarly decreased in islets of mice with ß-cell-targeted deletion of GDH (ßGlud1-/-). EGCG did not further reduce insulin secretion in the mutant islets, validating its specificity. In human islets, EGCG attenuated both basal and nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. Glutamine/BCH-induced lowering of AMPK phosphorylation did not operate in ßGlud1-/- islets and was similarly prevented by EGCG in control islets, while high glucose systematically inactivated AMPK. In mouse C2C12 myotubes, like in islets, the inhibition of AMPK following GDH activation with glutamine/BCH was reversed by EGCG. Stimulation of GDH in primary human myotubes caused lowering of insulin-induced 2-deoxy-glucose uptake, partially counteracted by EGCG. Thus, mitochondrial energy provision through anaplerotic input via GDH influences the activity of the cytosolic energy sensor AMPK. EGCG may be useful in obesity by resensitizing insulin-resistant muscle while blunting hypersecretion of insulin in hypermetabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Pournourmohammadi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Grimaldi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin H Stridh
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
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47
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Vernieri C, Casola S, Foiani M, Pietrantonio F, de Braud F, Longo V. Targeting Cancer Metabolism: Dietary and Pharmacologic Interventions. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1315-1333. [PMID: 27872127 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most tumors display oncogene-driven reprogramming of several metabolic pathways, which are crucial to sustain their growth and proliferation. In recent years, both dietary and pharmacologic approaches that target deregulated tumor metabolism are beginning to be considered for clinical applications. Dietary interventions exploit the ability of nutrient-restricted conditions to exert broad biological effects, protecting normal cells, organs, and systems, while sensitizing a wide variety of cancer cells to cytotoxic therapies. On the other hand, drugs targeting enzymes or metabolites of crucial metabolic pathways can be highly specific and effective, but must be matched with a responsive tumor, which might rapidly adapt. In this review, we illustrate how dietary and pharmacologic therapies differ in their effect on tumor growth, proliferation, and metabolism and discuss the available preclinical and clinical evidence in favor of or against each of them. We also indicate, when appropriate, how to optimize future investigations on metabolic therapies on the basis of tumor- and patient-related characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first review article that comprehensively analyzes the preclinical and preliminary clinical experimental foundations of both dietary and pharmacologic metabolic interventions in cancer therapy. Among several promising therapies, we propose treatment personalization on the basis of tumor genetics, tumor metabolism, and patient systemic metabolism.Cancer Discov; 6(12); 1315-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Longo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy. .,Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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48
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Smith HQ, Smith TJ. Identification of a Novel Activator of Mammalian Glutamate Dehydrogenase. Biochemistry 2016; 55:6568-6576. [PMID: 27808506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate and in animals is highly regulated. GDH in hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome patients lacks GTP inhibition, resulting in hypersecretion of insulin upon protein consumption. This suggests insulin secretion could be stimulated with GDH activators. A high-throughput screen yielded one potent activator, N1-[4-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-sulfonamide (75-E10). 75-E10 is ∼1000-fold more efficacious than the synthetic activator, BCH, and is at least as effective as ADP. 75-E10 compound is highly effective at alleviating GTP inhibition and may be binding to the ADP site. Unlike ADP, 75-E10 is activated over a broad range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Q Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , 301 University Boulevard, 5.104D Basic Science Building, Route 0645, Galveston, Texas 77555-0645, United States
| | - Thomas J Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston , 301 University Boulevard, 5.104D Basic Science Building, Route 0645, Galveston, Texas 77555-0645, United States
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49
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Mohabbulla Mohib M, Fazla Rabby S, Paran TZ, Mehedee Hasan M, Ahmed I, Hasan N, Abu Taher Sagor M, Mohiuddin S. Protective role of green tea on diabetic nephropathy—A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2016.1248166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mohabbulla Mohib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Fazla Rabby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfiq Zaman Paran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mehedee Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sarif Mohiuddin
- Department of Anatomy, Pioneer Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
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50
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Abstract
The resurgence of research into cancer metabolism has recently broadened interests beyond glucose and the Warburg effect to other nutrients, including glutamine. Because oncogenic alterations of metabolism render cancer cells addicted to nutrients, pathways involved in glycolysis or glutaminolysis could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In this Review, we provide an updated overview of glutamine metabolism and its involvement in tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, and explore the recent potential applications of basic science discoveries in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zachary E. Stine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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