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Boland AW, Gas-Pascual E, Nottingham BL, van der Wel H, Daniel NG, Sheikh MO, Schafer CM, West CM. Oxygen-dependent regulation of E3(SCF)ubiquitin ligases and a Skp1-associated JmjD6 homolog in development of the social amoeba Dictyostelium. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102305. [PMID: 35933019 PMCID: PMC9485057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
E3-SCF (Skp1/cullin-1/F-box protein) polyubiquitin ligases activate the proteasomal degradation of over a thousand proteins, but the evolutionary diversification of the F-box protein (FBP) family of substrate receptor subunits has challenged their elucidation in protists. Here, we expand the FBP candidate list in the social amoeba Dictyostelium and show that the Skp1 interactome is highly remodeled as cells transition from growth to multicellular development. Importantly, a subset of candidate FBPs was less represented when the posttranslational hydroxylation and glycosylation of Skp1 was abrogated by deletion of the O2-sensing Skp1 prolyl hydroxylase PhyA. A role for this Skp1 modification for SCF activity was indicated by partial rescue of development, which normally depends on high O2 and PhyA, of phyA-KO cells by proteasomal inhibitors. Further examination of two FBPs, FbxwD and the Jumonji C protein JcdI, suggested that Skp1 was substituted by other factors in phyA-KO cells. Although a double-KO of jcdI and its paralog jcdH did not affect development, overexpression of JcdI increased its sensitivity to O2. JcdI, a nonheme dioxygenase shown to have physiological O2 dependence, is conserved across protists with its F-box and other domains, and is related to the human oncogene JmjD6. Sensitization of JcdI-overexpression cells to O2 depended on its dioxygenase activity and other domains, but not its F-box, which may however be the mediator of its reduced levels in WT relative to Skp1 modification mutant cells. The findings suggest that activation of JcdI by O2 is tempered by homeostatic downregulation via PhyA and association with Skp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Boland
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elisabet Gas-Pascual
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Braxton L Nottingham
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Hanke van der Wel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nitin G Daniel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - M Osman Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christopher M Schafer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christopher M West
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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West CM, Malzl D, Hykollari A, Wilson IBH. Glycomics, Glycoproteomics, and Glycogenomics: An Inter-Taxa Evolutionary Perspective. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100024. [PMID: 32994314 PMCID: PMC8724618 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a highly diverse set of co- and posttranslational modifications of proteins. For mammalian glycoproteins, glycosylation is often site-, tissue-, and species-specific and diversified by microheterogeneity. Multitudinous biochemical, cellular, physiological, and organismic effects of their glycans have been revealed, either intrinsic to the carrier proteins or mediated by endogenous reader proteins with carbohydrate recognition domains. Furthermore, glycans frequently form the first line of access by or defense from foreign invaders, and new roles for nucleocytoplasmic glycosylation are blossoming. We now know enough to conclude that the same general principles apply in invertebrate animals and unicellular eukaryotes-different branches of which spawned the plants or fungi and animals. The two major driving forces for exploring the glycomes of invertebrates and protists are (i) to understand the biochemical basis of glycan-driven biology in these organisms, especially of pathogens, and (ii) to uncover the evolutionary relationships between glycans, their biosynthetic enzyme genes, and biological functions for new glycobiological insights. With an emphasis on emerging areas of protist glycobiology, here we offer an overview of glycan diversity and evolution, to promote future access to this treasure trove of glycobiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M West
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| | - Daniel Malzl
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
| | - Alba Hykollari
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria; VetCore Facility for Research/Proteomics Unit, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
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Bandini G, Agop-Nersesian C, van der Wel H, Mandalasi M, Kim HW, West CM, Samuelson J. The nucleocytosolic O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY affects protein expression and virulence in Toxoplasma gondii. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100039. [PMID: 33158988 PMCID: PMC7949088 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Once considered unusual, nucleocytoplasmic glycosylation is now recognized as a conserved feature of eukaryotes. While in animals, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) modifies thousands of intracellular proteins, the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii transfers a different sugar, fucose, to proteins involved in transcription, mRNA processing, and signaling. Knockout experiments showed that TgSPY, an ortholog of plant SPINDLY and paralog of host OGT, is required for nuclear O-fucosylation. Here we verify that TgSPY is the nucleocytoplasmic O-fucosyltransferase (OFT) by 1) complementation with TgSPY-MYC3, 2) its functional dependence on amino acids critical for OGT activity, and 3) its ability to O-fucosylate itself and a model substrate and to specifically hydrolyze GDP-Fuc. While many of the endogenous proteins modified by O-Fuc are important for tachyzoite fitness, O-fucosylation by TgSPY is not essential. Growth of Δspy tachyzoites in fibroblasts is modestly affected, despite marked reductions in the levels of ectopically expressed proteins normally modified with O-fucose. Intact TgSPY-MYC3 localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas catalytic mutants often displayed reduced abundance. Δspy tachyzoites of a luciferase-expressing type II strain exhibited infection kinetics in mice similar to wild-type but increased persistence in the chronic brain phase, potentially due to an imbalance of regulatory protein levels. The modest changes in parasite fitness in vitro and in mice, despite profound effects on reporter protein accumulation, and the characteristic punctate localization of O-fucosylated proteins suggest that TgSPY controls the levels of proteins to be held in reserve for response to novel stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bandini
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Carolina Agop-Nersesian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanke van der Wel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Msano Mandalasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hyun W Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher M West
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - John Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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