1
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Fels U, Willems P, De Meyer M, Gevaert K, Van Damme P. Shift in vacuolar to cytosolic regime of infecting Salmonella from a dual proteome perspective. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011183. [PMID: 37535689 PMCID: PMC10426988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By applying dual proteome profiling to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) encounters with its epithelial host (here, S. Typhimurium infected human HeLa cells), a detailed interdependent and holistic proteomic perspective on host-pathogen interactions over the time course of infection was obtained. Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics was found to outperform data-dependent acquisition (DDA) workflows, especially in identifying the downregulated bacterial proteome response during infection progression by permitting quantification of low abundant bacterial proteins at early times of infection when bacterial infection load is low. S. Typhimurium invasion and replication specific proteomic signatures in epithelial cells revealed interdependent host/pathogen specific responses besides pointing to putative novel infection markers and signalling responses, including regulated host proteins associated with Salmonella-modified membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Fels
- iRIP unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Willems
- iRIP unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux De Meyer
- iRIP unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Damme
- iRIP unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Göser V, Sander N, Schulte M, Scharte F, Franzkoch R, Liss V, Psathaki OE, Hensel M. Single molecule analyses reveal dynamics of Salmonella translocated effector proteins in host cell endomembranes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1240. [PMID: 36870997 PMCID: PMC9985595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica remodels the host endosomal system for survival and proliferation inside host cells. Salmonella resides within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) and by Salmonella-induced fusions of host endomembranes, the SCV is connected with extensive tubular structures termed Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF). The intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella critically depends on effector proteins translocated into host cells. A subset of effectors is associated with, or integral in SCV and SIF membranes. How effectors reach their subcellular destination, and how they interact with endomembranes remodeled by Salmonella remains to be determined. We deployed self-labeling enzyme tags to label translocated effectors in living host cells, and analyzed their single molecule dynamics. Translocated effectors diffuse in membranes of SIF with mobility comparable to membrane-integral host proteins in endomembranes. Dynamics differ between various effectors investigated and is dependent on membrane architecture of SIF. In the early infection, host endosomal vesicles are associated with Salmonella effectors. Effector-positive vesicles continuously fuse with SCV and SIF membranes, providing a route of effector delivery by translocation, interaction with endosomal vesicles, and ultimately fusion with the continuum of SCV/SIF membranes. This mechanism controls membrane deformation and vesicular fusion to generate the specific intracellular niche for bacterial survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Göser
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nathalie Sander
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Marc Schulte
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Felix Scharte
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rico Franzkoch
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,iBiOs - Integrated Bioimaging Facility Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Viktoria Liss
- iBiOs - Integrated Bioimaging Facility Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Olympia E Psathaki
- iBiOs - Integrated Bioimaging Facility Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,CellNanOs - Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany. .,CellNanOs - Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
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3
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Salmonella Exhibit Altered Cellular Localization in the Presence of HLA-B27 and Codistribute with Endo-Reticular Membrane. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9493019. [PMID: 36157878 PMCID: PMC9507774 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9493019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritica (S. enteritica) induce and require unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways for intracellular replication. Salmonella infections can lead to reactive arthritis (ReA), which can exhibit associations with Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)-B∗27 : 05. S. enteritica normally reside in a juxtanuclear position to the Golgi apparatus, representing the formation and residence within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Changes in cellular localization of infecting Salmonella can alter their ability to replicate. We therefore used isogenic epithelial cell lines expressing physiological levels of HLA-B∗27 : 05 heavy chain (HC) and a control HLA-B allele, HLA-B∗35 : 01.HC to determine any changes in Salmonella localization within epithelial cells. Expression of HLA-B∗27 : 05 but not HLA-B∗35 : 01 was associated with a quantifiable change in S. enteritica cellular distribution away from the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, the Salmonella requirements for UPR induction and the consequences of the concomitant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane expansion were determined. Using confocal imaging, S. enteritica bacteria exhibited a significant and quantifiable codistribution with endo-reticular membrane as determined by ER tracker staining. Isogenic S. enterica Typhimurium mutant strains, which can infect but exhibit impaired intracellular growth, demonstrated that the activation of the UPR was dependent on an integral intracellular niche. Therefore, these data identify cellular changes accompanying Salmonella induction of the UPR and in the presence of HLA-B27.
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Chao TC, Thapa S, Hansmeier N. Affinity Enrichment of Salmonella-Modified Membranes from Murine Macrophages for Proteomic Analyses. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2456:263-273. [PMID: 35612748 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2124-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting host-pathogen interaction requires the ability to specifically enrich distinct proteins along with their co-assembled constituents or complexes. Affinity technologies leverage specificity of reagents to desired targets and help to enrich proteins of interests along with specifically associated proteins. Coupled with mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, this technology has become a powerful tool to explore pathogen compartments of diverse facultative and obligate intracellular pathogens. Here, we describe the process from infection of macrophages with Salmonella enterica to the affinity enrichment of Salmonella-modified membranes from murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Samina Thapa
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Nicole Hansmeier
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
- Luther College at University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
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5
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Wang Y, Wu C, Gao J, Du X, Chen X, Zhang M. Host metabolic shift during systemic Salmonella infection revealed by comparative proteomics. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1849-1861. [PMID: 34461813 PMCID: PMC8451668 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1974316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a food-borne bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and typhoid fever in mice. Salmonella pathogenicity island II (SPI-2) is an important virulence gene cluster responsible for Salmonella survival and replication within host cells, leading to systemic infection. Previous studies have suggested that SPI-2 function to modulate host vesicle trafficking and immune response to promote systemic infection. However, the molecular mechanism and the host responses triggered by SPI-2 remain largely unknown. To assess the roles of SPI-2, we used a differential proteomic approach to analyse host proteins levels during systemic infections in mice. Our results showed that infection by WT S. Typhimurium triggered the reprogramming of host cell metabolism and inflammatory response. Salmonella systemic infection induces an up-regulation of glycolytic process and a repression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. WT-infected tissues prefer to produce adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) through aerobic glycolysis rather than relying on oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy. Moreover, our data also revealed that infected macrophages may undergo both M1 and M2 polarization. In addition, our results further suggest that SPI-2 is involved in altering actin cytoskeleton to facilitate the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) biogenesis and perhaps even the release of bacteria later in the infection process. Results from our study provide valuable insights into the roles of SPI-2 during systemic Salmonella infection and will guide future studies to dissect the molecular mechanisms of how SPI-2 functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacong Gao
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Du
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Chen
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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6
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Jiang C, Huang X, Yao J, Yu L, Wei F, Yang A. The role of membrane contact sites at the bacteria-host interface. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:270-282. [PMID: 34403642 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1961678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) refer to the areas of close proximity between heterologous membranes. A growing body of evidence indicates that MCSs are involved in important cellular functions, such as cellular material transfer, organelle biogenesis, and cell growth. Importantly, the study of MCSs at the bacteria-host interface is an emerging popular research topic. Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved a variety of fascinating strategies to interfere with MCSs by injecting effectors into infected host cells. Bacteria-containing vacuoles establish direct physical contact with organelles within the host, ensuring vacuolar membrane integrity and energy supply from host organelles and protecting the vacuoles from the host endocytic pathway and lysosomal degradation. An increasing number of bacterial effectors from various bacterial pathogens hijack components of host MCSs to form the vacuole-organelle MCSs for material exchange. MCS-related events have been identified as new mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis to greatly improve bacterial survival and replication within host cells. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in MCSs at the bacteria-host interface, focussing on the roles of MCSs mediated by bacterial effectors in microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Röder J, Felgner P, Hensel M. Single-cell analyses reveal phosphate availability as critical factor for nutrition of Salmonella enterica within mammalian host cells. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13374. [PMID: 34160116 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) is an invasive, facultative intracellular pathogen and acquisition of nutrients from host cells is essential for survival and proliferation of intracellular STM. The nutritional environment of intracellular STM is only partially understood. We deploy bacteria harbouring reporter plasmids to interrogate the environmental cues acting on intracellular STM, and flow cytometry allows analyses on level of single STM. Phosphorus is a macro-element for cellular life, and in STM inorganic phosphate (Pi ), homeostasis is mediated by the two-component regulatory system PhoBR, resulting in expression of the high affinity phosphate transporter pstSCAB-phoU. Using fluorescent protein reporters, we investigated Pi availability for intracellular STM at single-cell level over time. We observed that Pi concentration in the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) is limiting and activates the promoter of pstSCAB-phoU encoding a high affinity phosphate uptake system. Correlation between reporter activation by STM in defined media and in host cells indicates Pi concentration less 10 μM within the SCV. STM proliferating within the SCV experience increasing Pi limitations. Activity of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2)-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) is crucial for efficient intracellular proliferation, and SPI2-T3SS-mediated endosomal remodelling also reliefs Pi limitation. STM that are released from SCV to enter the cytosol of epithelial cells did not indicate Pi limitations. Addition of Pi to culture media of infected cells partially relieved Pi limitations in the SCV, as did inhibition of intracellular proliferation. We conclude that availability of Pi is critical for intracellular lifestyle of STM, and Pi acquisition is maintained by multiple mechanisms. Our work demonstrates the use of bacterial pathogens as sensitive single-cell reporters for their environment in host cell or host organisms. TAKE AWAY: Salmonella strains were engineered to report their intracellular niche and the availability of inorganic phosphate (Pi ) on level of single intracellular bacteria Within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), Pi is limited and limitation increases with bacterial proliferation Salmonella located in host cell cytosol are not limited in Pi availability Remodelling of the host cell endosomal system mediated by T3SS-2 reliefs Pi limitation in the SCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Röder
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Pascal Felgner
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,CellNanOs-Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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8
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Reuter T, Scharte F, Franzkoch R, Liss V, Hensel M. Single cell analyses reveal distinct adaptation of typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars to intracellular lifestyle. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009319. [PMID: 34143852 PMCID: PMC8244875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a common foodborne, facultative intracellular enteropathogen. Human-restricted typhoidal S. enterica serovars Typhi (STY) or Paratyphi A (SPA) cause severe typhoid or paratyphoid fever, while many S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) strains have a broad host range and in human hosts usually lead to a self-limiting gastroenteritis. Due to restriction of STY and SPA to primate hosts, experimental systems for studying the pathogenesis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever are limited. Therefore, STM infection of susceptible mice is commonly considered as model system for studying these diseases. The type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2-T3SS) is a key factor for intracellular survival of Salmonella. Inside host cells, the pathogen resides within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) and induces tubular structures extending from the SCV, termed Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF). This study applies single cell analyses approaches, which are flow cytometry of Salmonella harboring dual fluorescent protein reporters, effector translocation, and correlative light and electron microscopy to investigate the fate and activities of intracellular STY and SPA. The SPI2-T3SS of STY and SPA is functional in translocation of effector proteins, SCV and SIF formation. However, only a low proportion of intracellular STY and SPA are actively deploying SPI2-T3SS and STY and SPA exhibited a rapid decline of protein biosynthesis upon experimental induction. A role of SPI2-T3SS for proliferation of STY and SPA in epithelial cells was observed, but not for survival or proliferation in phagocytic host cells. Our results indicate that reduced intracellular activities are factors of the stealth strategy of STY and SPA and facilitate systemic spread and persistence of the typhoidal Salmonella. Typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi (STY) and Paratyphi A (SPA) cause a major disease burden to the human population. The restriction of these pathogens to human hosts limits experimental analyses of molecular mechanisms of diseases. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium is commonly used as surrogate model for typhoidal Salmonella (TS), and allowed the identification of virulence factors for intracellular lifestyle of S. enterica in mammalian host cells. If virulence factors, such as the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2-encoded type III secretion system (SPI2-T3SS) have similar roles for intracellular lifestyle of TS is largely unknown. We analyzed, on single cell level, the intracellular activities of STY and SPA in comparison to STM. STY and SPA deploy SPI2-T3SS to actively manipulate their host cells, but with far lower frequency than STM. Our work supports a model of TS as stealth pathogens that persist in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Reuter
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Felix Scharte
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rico Franzkoch
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- iBiOs–integrated Bioimaging Facility Osnabrück, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Viktoria Liss
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- iBiOs–integrated Bioimaging Facility Osnabrück, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- CellNanOs–Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Abstract
Salmonella is an intracellular pathogen of a substantial global health concern. In order to identify key players involved in Salmonella infection, we performed a global host phosphoproteome analysis subsequent to bacterial infection. Thereby, we identified the kinase SIK2 as a central component of the host defense machinery upon Salmonella infection. SIK2 depletion favors the escape of bacteria from the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) and impairs Xenophagy, resulting in a hyperproliferative phenotype. Mechanistically, SIK2 associates with actin filaments under basal conditions; however, during bacterial infection, SIK2 is recruited to the SCV together with the elements of the actin polymerization machinery (Arp2/3 complex and Formins). Notably, SIK2 depletion results in a severe pathological cellular actin nucleation and polymerization defect upon Salmonella infection. We propose that SIK2 controls the formation of a protective SCV actin shield shortly after invasion and orchestrates the actin cytoskeleton architecture in its entirety to control an acute Salmonella infection after bacterial invasion.
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10
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Tsakou F, Jersie-Christensen R, Jenssen H, Mojsoska B. The Role of Proteomics in Bacterial Response to Antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E214. [PMID: 32867221 PMCID: PMC7559545 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years, we have tried to use antibiotics to eliminate the persistence of pathogenic bacteria. However, these infectious agents can recover from antibiotic challenges through various mechanisms, including drug resistance and antibiotic tolerance, and continue to pose a global threat to human health. To design more efficient treatments against bacterial infections, detailed knowledge about the bacterial response to the commonly used antibiotics is required. Proteomics is a well-suited and powerful tool to study molecular response to antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial response profiling from system-level investigations could increase our understanding of bacterial adaptation, the mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance and tolerance development. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of bacterial response to the most common antibiotics with a focus on the identification of dynamic proteome responses, and through published studies, to elucidate the formation mechanism of resistant and tolerant bacterial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (F.T.); (R.J.-C.); (H.J.)
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11
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Kehl A, Noster J, Hensel M. Eat in or Take out? Metabolism of Intracellular Salmonella enterica. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:644-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Contributions of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics to Understanding Salmonella-Host Interactions. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070581. [PMID: 32708900 PMCID: PMC7400052 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As a model pathogen, Salmonella invades both phagocytic and non-phagocytic host cells and adopts an intracellular lifestyle in a membrane-bound compartment during infection. Therefore, a systemic overview of Salmonella adaptations to distinct host cells together with host remodeling will assist us in charting the landscape of host-pathogen interactions. Central to the Salmonella-host interplay are bacterial virulence factors (effectors) that are injected into host cells by type III secretion systems (T3SSs). Despite great progress, functional studies of bacterial effectors have experienced daunting challenges as well. In the last decade, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has evolved into a powerful technological platform that can quantitatively measure thousands of proteins in terms of their expression as well as post-translational modifications. Here, we will review the applications of high-throughput proteomic technologies in understanding the dynamic reprogramming of both Salmonella and host proteomes during the course of infection. Furthermore, we will summarize the progress in utilizing affinity purification-mass spectrometry to screen for host substrates of Salmonella T3SS effectors. Finally, we will critically discuss some limitations/challenges with current proteomic platforms in the context of host-pathogen interactions and highlight some emerging technologies that may offer the promise of tackling these problems.
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13
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Kehl A, Göser V, Reuter T, Liss V, Franke M, John C, Richter CP, Deiwick J, Hensel M. A trafficome-wide RNAi screen reveals deployment of early and late secretory host proteins and the entire late endo-/lysosomal vesicle fusion machinery by intracellular Salmonella. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008220. [PMID: 32658937 PMCID: PMC7377517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella enterica is characterized by the formation of a replication-permissive membrane-bound niche, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). As a further consequence of the massive remodeling of the host cell endosomal system, intracellular Salmonella establish a unique network of various Salmonella-induced tubules (SIT). The bacterial repertoire of effector proteins required for the establishment for one type of these SIT, the Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF), is rather well-defined. However, the corresponding host cell proteins are still poorly understood. To identify host factors required for the formation of SIF, we performed a sub-genomic RNAi screen. The analyses comprised high-resolution live cell imaging to score effects on SIF induction, dynamics and morphology. The hits of our functional RNAi screen comprise: i) The late endo-/lysosomal SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, consisting of STX7, STX8, VTI1B, and VAMP7 or VAMP8, which is, in conjunction with RAB7 and the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, a complete vesicle fusion machinery. ii) Novel interactions with the early secretory GTPases RAB1A and RAB1B, providing a potential link to coat protein complex I (COPI) vesicles and reinforcing recently identified ties to the endoplasmic reticulum. iii) New connections to the late secretory pathway and/or the recycling endosome via the GTPases RAB3A, RAB8A, and RAB8B and the SNAREs VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP4. iv) An unprecedented involvement of clathrin-coated structures. The resulting set of hits allowed us to characterize completely new host factor interactions, and to strengthen observations from several previous studies. The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium induces the reorganization of the endosomal system of mammalian host cells. This activity is dependent on translocated effector proteins of the pathogen. The host cell factors required for endosomal remodeling are only partially known. To identify such factors for the formation and dynamics of endosomal compartments in Salmonella-infected cells, we performed a live cell imaging-based RNAi screen to investigate the role of 496 mammalian proteins involved in cellular logistics. We identified that endosomal remodeling by intracellular Salmonella is dependent on host factors in the following functional classes: i) the late endo-/lysosomal SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, ii) the early secretory pathway, represented by regulator GTPases RAB1A and RAB1B, iii) the late secretory pathway and/or recycling endosomes represented by GTPases RAB3A, RAB8A, RAB8B, and the SNAREs VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP4, and iv) clathrin-coated structures. The identification of these new host factors provides further evidence for the complex manipulation of host cell transport functions by intracellular Salmonella and should enable detailed follow-up studies on the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kehl
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail: (AK); (MH)
| | - Vera Göser
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tatjana Reuter
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Viktoria Liss
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maximilian Franke
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christopher John
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Deiwick
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- CellNanOs–Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- * E-mail: (AK); (MH)
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14
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Reuter T, Vorwerk S, Liss V, Chao TC, Hensel M, Hansmeier N. Proteomic Analysis of Salmonella-modified Membranes Reveals Adaptations to Macrophage Hosts. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:900-912. [PMID: 32102972 PMCID: PMC7196581 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic infection and proliferation of intracellular pathogens require the biogenesis of a growth-stimulating compartment. The gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica commonly forms highly dynamic and extensive tubular membrane compartments built from Salmonella-modified membranes (SMMs) in diverse host cells. Although the general mechanism involved in the formation of replication-permissive compartments of S. enterica is well researched, much less is known regarding specific adaptations to different host cell types. Using an affinity-based proteome approach, we explored the composition of SMMs in murine macrophages. The systematic characterization provides a broader landscape of host players to the maturation of Salmonella-containing compartments and reveals core host elements targeted by Salmonella in macrophages as well as epithelial cells. However, we also identified subtle host specific adaptations. Some of these observations, such as the differential involvement of the COPII system, Rab GTPases 2A, 8B, 11 and ER transport proteins Sec61 and Sec22B may explain cell line-dependent variations in the pathophysiology of Salmonella infections. In summary, our system-wide approach demonstrates a hitherto underappreciated impact of the host cell type in the formation of intracellular compartments by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Reuter
- CellNanOs - Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stephanie Vorwerk
- CellNanOs - Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Viktoria Liss
- Division of Microbiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; CellNanOs - Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Nicole Hansmeier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Luther College at University of Regina, Regina, Canada.
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15
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Göser V, Kehl A, Röder J, Hensel M. Role of the ESCRT‐III complex in controlling integrity of the
Salmonella
‐containing vacuole. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13176. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Göser
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Alexander Kehl
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Institut für HygieneUniversität Münster Münster Germany
- CellNanOs, Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Jennifer Röder
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- CellNanOs, Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
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16
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Gulati A, Shukla R, Mukhopadhaya A. Salmonella Effector SteA Suppresses Proinflammatory Responses of the Host by Interfering With IκB Degradation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2822. [PMID: 31921113 PMCID: PMC6914705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is known to cause its virulence by secreting various effector proteins directly into the host cytoplasm via two distinct type III secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2). Generally, T3SS-1-delivered effectors help Salmonella Typhimurium in the early phases of infection including invasion and immune modulation of the host cells, whereas T3SS-2 effectors mainly help in the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium within the host cells including maintenance of Salmonella-containing vacuole, replication of the bacteria, and dissemination. Some of the effectors are secreted via both T3SS-1 and T3SS-2, suggesting their role in distinct phases of infection of host cells. SteA is such an effector that is secreted by both T3SS-1 and T3SS-2. It has been shown to control the membrane dynamics of the Salmonella-containing vacuole within the host cells in the late phases of infection. In this manuscript, toward characterizing the T3SS-1 function of SteA, we found that SteA suppresses inflammatory responses of the host by interfering with the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Our initial observation showed that the mice infected with steA-deleted Salmonella Typhimurium (ΔsteA) died earlier compared to the wild-type bacteria due to heightened immune responses, which indicated that SteA might suppress immune responses. Furthermore, our study revealed that SteA suppresses immune responses in macrophages by interfering with the degradation of IκB, the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B. SteA suppresses the ubiquitination and hence degradation of IκB by acting on Cullin-1 of the Skp-1, Cullin-1, F-box (SCF)-E3 ligase complex. Our study revealed that SteA suppresses a key step necessary for E3 ligase activation, i.e., neddylation of Cullin-1 by interfering with dissociation of its inhibitor Cand-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Gulati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Rhythm Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Arunika Mukhopadhaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
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17
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Saleh S, Staes A, Deborggraeve S, Gevaert K. Targeted Proteomics for Studying Pathogenic Bacteria. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800435. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saleh
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Tropical Medicine B‐2000 Antwerp Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular MedicineGhent University B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - An Staes
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular MedicineGhent University B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Stijn Deborggraeve
- Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Tropical Medicine B‐2000 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular MedicineGhent University B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
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18
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Self-Labeling Enzyme Tags for Analyses of Translocation of Type III Secretion System Effector Proteins. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.00769-19. [PMID: 31239375 PMCID: PMC6593401 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00769-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III secretion systems (T3SS) are molecular machines in Gram-negative pathogens that translocate effector proteins with central roles in virulence. The analyses of the translocation, subcellular localization, and mode of action of T3SS effector proteins are of central importance for the understanding of host-pathogen interaction and pathogenesis of bacterial infections. The analysis of translocation requires dedicated techniques to address the temporal and spatial dynamics of translocation. Here we describe a novel approach to deploy self-labeling enzymes (SLE) as universal tags for localization and tracking of translocated effector proteins. Effector-SLE fusion proteins allow live-cell imaging of translocation by T3SS, superresolution microscopy, and single-molecule tracking of effector motility in living host cells. We describe the application of the approach to T3SS effector proteins for invasion and intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and to a T3SS effector of Yersinia enterocolitica The novel approach enables analyses of the role of T3SS in host-pathogen interaction at the highest temporal and spatial resolution, toward understanding the molecular mechanisms of their effector proteins.IMPORTANCE Type III secretion systems mediate translocation of effector proteins into mammalian cells. These proteins interfere with host cell functions, being main virulence factors of Gram-negative pathogens. Analyses of the process of translocation, the subcellular distribution, and the dynamics of effector proteins in host cells have been hampered by the lack of suitable tags and detection systems. Here we describe the use of self-labeling enzyme tags for generation of fusions with effector proteins that are translocated and functional in host cell manipulation. Self-labeling reactions with cell-permeable ligand dyes are possible prior to or after translocation. We applied the new approach to superresolution microscopy for effector protein translocation. For the first time, we show the dynamic properties of effector proteins in living host cells after translocation by intracellular bacteria. The new approach of self-labeling enzyme tags fusions will enable analyses of type III secretion system effector proteins with new dimensions of temporal and spatial resolution.
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19
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Antoniou AN, Lenart I, Kriston-Vizi J, Iwawaki T, Turmaine M, McHugh K, Ali S, Blake N, Bowness P, Bajaj-Elliott M, Gould K, Nesbeth D, Powis SJ. Salmonella exploits HLA-B27 and host unfolded protein responses to promote intracellular replication. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:74-82. [PMID: 30355574 PMCID: PMC6317449 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salmonella enterica infections can lead to Reactive Arthritis (ReA), which can exhibit an association with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*27:05, a molecule prone to misfolding and initiation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). This study examined how HLA-B*27:05 expression and the UPR affect the Salmonella life-cycle within epithelial cells. METHODS Isogenic epithelial cell lines expressing two copies of either HLA-B*27:05 and a control HLA-B*35:01 heavy chain (HC) were generated to determine the effect on the Salmonella infection life-cycle. A cell line expressing HLA-B*27:05.HC physically linked to the light chain beta-2-microglobulin and a specific peptide (referred to as a single chain trimer, SCT) was also generated to determine the effects of HLA-B27 folding status on S.enterica life-cycle. XBP-1 venus and AMP dependent Transcription Factor (ATF6)-FLAG reporters were used to monitor UPR activation in infected cells. Triacin C was used to inhibit de novo lipid synthesis during UPR, and confocal imaging of ER tracker stained membrane allowed quantification of glibenclamide-associated membrane. RESULTS S.enterica demonstrated enhanced replication with an altered cellular localisation in the presence of HLA-B*27:05.HC but not in the presence of HLA-B*27:05.SCT or HLA-B*35:01. HLA-B*27:05.HC altered the threshold for UPR induction. Salmonella activated the UPR and required XBP-1 for replication, which was associated with endoreticular membrane expansion and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS HLA-B27 misfolding and a UPR cellular environment are associated with enhanced Salmonella replication, while Salmonella itself can activate XBP-1 and ATF6. These data provide a potential mechanism linking the life-cycle of Salmonella with the physicochemical properties of HLA-B27 and cellular events that may contribute to ReA pathogenesis. Our observations suggest that the UPR pathway maybe targeted for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Nicodemus Antoniou
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Centre of Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Medical Research Council, University College London, London, UK
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsty McHugh
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sadfer Ali
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Blake
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Keith Gould
- Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Darren Nesbeth
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon J Powis
- School of Medicine and Biological Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, London, UK
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20
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Schulte M, Sterzenbach T, Miskiewicz K, Elpers L, Hensel M, Hansmeier N. A versatile remote control system for functional expression of bacterial virulence genes based on the tetA promoter. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21
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Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus proteins secreted inside infected human epithelial cells. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:664-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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David DJ, Pagliuso A, Radoshevich L, Nahori MA, Cossart P. Lmo1656 is a secreted virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes that interacts with the sorting nexin 6-BAR complex. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9265-9276. [PMID: 29666193 PMCID: PMC6005434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis, a rare but fatal disease. During infection, Lm can traverse several physiological barriers; it can cross the intestine and placenta barrier and, in immunocompromised individuals, the blood–brain barrier. With the recent plethora of sequenced genomes available for Lm, it is clear that the complete repertoire of genes used by Lm to interact with its host remains to be fully explored. Recently, we focused on secreted Lm proteins because they are likely to interact with host cell components. Here, we investigated a putatively secreted protein of Lm, Lmo1656, that is present in most sequenced strains of Lm but absent in the nonpathogenic species Listeria innocua. lmo1656 gene is predicted to encode a small, positively charged protein. We show that Lmo1656 is secreted by Lm. Furthermore, deletion of the lmo1656 gene (Δlmo1656) attenuates virulence in mice infected orally but not intravenously, suggesting that Lmo1656 plays a role during oral listeriosis. We identified sorting nexin 6 (SNX6), an endosomal sorting component and BAR domain–containing protein, as a host cell interactor of Lmol656. SNX6 colocalizes with WT Lm during the early steps of infection. This colocalization depends on Lmo1656, and RNAi of SNX6 impairs infection in infected tissue culture cells, suggesting that SNX6 is utilized by Lm during infection. Our results reveal that Lmo1656 is a novel secreted virulence factor of Lm that facilitates recruitment of a specific member of the sorting nexin family in the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Jason David
- From the Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, INSERM U604, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Pagliuso
- From the Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, INSERM U604, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lilliana Radoshevich
- From the Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, INSERM U604, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- From the Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, INSERM U604, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- From the Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, INSERM U604, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC2020, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Salmonella exploits the host endolysosomal tethering factor HOPS complex to promote its intravacuolar replication. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006700. [PMID: 29084291 PMCID: PMC5679646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium extensively remodels the host late endocytic compartments to establish its vacuolar niche within the host cells conducive for its replication, also known as the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). By maintaining a prolonged interaction with late endosomes and lysosomes of the host cells in the form of interconnected network of tubules (Salmonella-induced filaments or SIFs), Salmonella gains access to both membrane and fluid-phase cargo from these compartments. This is essential for maintaining SCV membrane integrity and for bacterial intravacuolar nutrition. Here, we have identified the multisubunit lysosomal tethering factor—HOPS (HOmotypic fusion and Protein Sorting) complex as a crucial host factor facilitating delivery of late endosomal and lysosomal content to SCVs, providing membrane for SIF formation, and nutrients for intravacuolar bacterial replication. Accordingly, depletion of HOPS subunits significantly reduced the bacterial load in non-phagocytic and phagocytic cells as well as in a mouse model of Salmonella infection. We found that Salmonella effector SifA in complex with its binding partner; SKIP, interacts with HOPS subunit Vps39 and mediates recruitment of this tethering factor to SCV compartments. The lysosomal small GTPase Arl8b that binds to, and promotes membrane localization of Vps41 (and other HOPS subunits) was also required for HOPS recruitment to SCVs and SIFs. Our findings suggest that Salmonella recruits the host late endosomal and lysosomal membrane fusion machinery to its vacuolar niche for access to host membrane and nutrients, ensuring its intracellular survival and replication. Intracellular pathogens have devised various strategies to subvert the host membrane trafficking pathways for their growth and survival inside the host cells. Salmonella is one such successful intracellular pathogen that redirects membrane and nutrients from the host endocytic compartments to its replicative niche known as the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) via establishing an interconnected network of tubules (Salmonella-induced filaments or SIFs) that form a continuum with the SCVs. How Salmonella ensures a constant supply of endocytic cargo required for its survival and growth remained unexplored. Our work uncovers a strategy evolved by Salmonella wherein it secretes a bacterial effector into the host cytosol that recruits component of host vesicle fusion machinery-HOPS complex to SCVs and SIFs. HOPS complex promotes docking of the late endocytic compartments at the SCV membrane, prior to their fusion. Thus, depletion of HOPS subunits both in cultured cell lines as well as a mouse model inhibits Salmonella replication, likely due to reduced access to host membranes and nutrients by the vacuolar bacteria. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how this pathogen reroutes the host’s endocytic transport towards its vacuole, ensuring its own intracellular survival and replication.
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24
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Fels U, Gevaert K, Van Damme P. Proteogenomics in Aid of Host-Pathogen Interaction Studies: A Bacterial Perspective. Proteomes 2017; 5:E26. [PMID: 29019919 PMCID: PMC5748561 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
By providing useful tools to study host-pathogen interactions, next-generation omics has recently enabled the study of gene expression changes in both pathogen and infected host simultaneously. However, since great discriminative power is required to study pathogen and host simultaneously throughout the infection process, the depth of quantitative gene expression profiling has proven to be unsatisfactory when focusing on bacterial pathogens, thus preferentially requiring specific strategies or the development of novel methodologies based on complementary omics approaches. In this review, we focus on the difficulties encountered when making use of proteogenomics approaches to study bacterial pathogenesis. In addition, we review different omics strategies (i.e., transcriptomics, proteomics and secretomics) and their applications for studying interactions of pathogens with their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Fels
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Petra Van Damme
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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25
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Namakchian M, Kassler K, Sticht H, Hensel M, Deiwick J. Structure-based functional analysis of effector protein SifA in living cells reveals motifs important for Salmonella intracellular proliferation. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:84-96. [PMID: 28939436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica survives and replicates inside the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) of mammalian host cells. SifA is a key effector protein translocated by a type III secretion system and involved in formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF), extensive tubular endosomal compartments. Recruitment of LAMP1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1)-positive membranes to SIF ensures integrity and dynamics of the membrane network. The binding of SifA to the host protein SKIP (SifA and kinesin interacting protein) was proposed as crucial for this function. Due to structural mimicry SifA has further been proposed to interact with G-proteins. We conducted a mutational study of SifA to identify domains and amino acid residues specifically relevant for intracellular replication and SIF formation. Mutations were designed based on the available structural data of SifA and its interface with SKIP, or modeled for SifA as putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor. We developed a live cell imaging-based approach for volume quantification of the SIF network that allowed determination of subtle changes in SIF network and performed a comprehensive analysis of mutant forms of SifA by this approach. We found that the SifA catalytic loop of WxxxE effectors is as important for SIF formation and intracellular proliferation as the SKIP interaction motif, or the CAAX motif for membrane anchoring of SifA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Kassler
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Jörg Deiwick
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
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26
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Semini G, Aebischer T. Phagosome proteomics to study Leishmania's intracellular niche in macrophages. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:68-76. [PMID: 28927848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens invade their host cells and replicate within specialized compartments. In turn, the host cell initiates a defensive response trying to kill the invasive agent. As a consequence, intracellular lifestyle implies morphological and physiological changes in both pathogen and host cell. Leishmania spp. are medically important intracellular protozoan parasites that are internalized by professional phagocytes such as macrophages, and reside within the parasitophorous vacuole inhibiting their microbicidal activity. Whereas the proteome of the extracellular promastigote form and the intracellular amastigote form have been extensively studied, the constituents of Leishmania's intracellular niche, an endolysosomal compartment, are not fully deciphered. In this review we discuss protocols to purify such compartments by means of an illustrating example to highlight generally relevant considerations and innovative aspects that allow purification of not only the intracellular parasites but also the phagosomes that harbor them and analyze the latter by gel free proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geo Semini
- Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Toni Aebischer
- Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Bumann D, Schothorst J. Intracellular Salmonella metabolism. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28672057 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth of Salmonella inside infected host cells is a key aspect of their ability to cause local enteritis or systemic disease. This growth depends on exploitation of host nutrients through a large Salmonella metabolism network with hundreds of metabolites and enzymes. Studies in cell culture infection models are unravelling more and more of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms but also show striking Salmonella metabolic plasticity depending on host cell line and experimental conditions. In vivo studies have revealed a qualitatively diverse, but quantitatively poor, host-Salmonella nutritional interface, which on one side makes Salmonella fitness largely resilient against metabolic perturbations, but on the other side severely limits Salmonella biomass generation and growth rates. This review discusses goals and techniques for studying Salmonella intracellular metabolism, summarises main results and implications, and proposes key issues that could be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bumann
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joep Schothorst
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Häcker G. The role of septins in infections with vacuole-dwelling intracellular bacteria. Int J Med Microbiol 2017; 308:25-31. [PMID: 28784332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are a relatively little understood group of GTPases that form large assemblies in cells from all eukaryotes other than plants. Septins were first identified in cell division but have also been implicated in microbial infections. Septins often associate with cytoskeletal proteins - most often described for filamentous (F-) actin - and are considered cytoskeletal components themselves. Septins have increasingly been found to partake in processes that are linked to intracellular membranes, from mitochondria to phagosomes, and evidence is accumulating that septins specifically bind to membranes. Since a number of microorganisms have specialized to live and grow inside membranous vacuoles in the cytosol of mammalian cells, this membrane-association of septins suggests that septins may also be involved in the membranous, vacuolar structures that develop around these microbes. However, data are limited on this issue: septins have been identified by proteome analysis on some microbe-bearing vacuoles, but more extensive experimental data are only available for infections with the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. In this review article I will discuss the available data and speculate about the mechanisms of recruitment and potential functions of septins for vacuole-dwelling microorganisms, which may be peculiar to Chlamydia or may pertain more generally to this class of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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29
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Knuff K, Finlay BB. What the SIF Is Happening-The Role of Intracellular Salmonella-Induced Filaments. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:335. [PMID: 28791257 PMCID: PMC5524675 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A common strategy among intracellular bacterial pathogens is to enter into a vacuolar environment upon host cell invasion. One such pathogen, Salmonella enterica, resides within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) inside epithelial cells and macrophages. Salmonella hijacks the host endosomal system to establish this unique intracellular replicative niche, forming a highly complex and dynamic network of Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs). SIFs radiate outwards from the SCV upon onset of bacterial replication. SIF biogenesis is dependent on the activity of bacterial effector proteins secreted by the Salmonella-pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2) encoded type III secretion system. While the presence of SIFs has been known for almost 25 years, their precise role during infection remains elusive. This review summarizes our current knowledge of SCV maturation and SIF biogenesis, and recent advances in our understanding of the role of SIFs inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Knuff
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
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30
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Marecic V, Shevchuk O, Ozanic M, Mihelcic M, Steinert M, Jurak Begonja A, Abu Kwaik Y, Santic M. Isolation of F. novicida-Containing Phagosome from Infected Human Monocyte Derived Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:303. [PMID: 28725638 PMCID: PMC5496951 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen, which causes tularemia in humans and animals. A crucial step of Francisella infection is its invasion of macrophage cells. Biogenesis of the Francisella-containing phagosome (FCP) is arrested for ~15 min at the endosomal stage, followed by gradual bacterial escape into the cytosol, where the microbe proliferates. The crucial step in pathogenesis of tularemia is short and transient presence of the bacterium within phagosome. Isolation of FCPs for further studies has been challenging due to the short period of time of bacterial residence in it and the characteristics of the FCP. Here, we will for the first time present the method for isolation of the FCPs from infected human monocytes-derived macrophages (hMDMs). For elimination of lysosomal compartment these organelles were pre-loaded with dextran coated colloidal iron particles prior infection and eliminated by magnetic separation of the post-nuclear supernatant (PNS). We encountered the challenge that mitochondria has similar density to the FCP. To separate the FCP in the PNS from mitochondria, we utilized iodophenylnitrophenyltetrazolium, which is converted by the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase into formazan, leading to increased density of the mitochondria and allowing separation by the discontinuous sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The purity of the FCP preparation and its acquisition of early endosomal markers was confirmed by Western blots, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Our strategy to isolate highly pure FCPs from macrophages should facilitate studies on the FCP and its biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marecic
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Olga Shevchuk
- Department of Microbiology, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig and Helmholtz Center for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Mateja Ozanic
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Mirna Mihelcic
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
| | - Michael Steinert
- Department of Microbiology, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig and Helmholtz Center for Infection ResearchBraunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Predictive MedicineLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Marina Santic
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of RijekaRijeka, Croatia
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31
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Liss V, Swart AL, Kehl A, Hermanns N, Zhang Y, Chikkaballi D, Böhles N, Deiwick J, Hensel M. Salmonella enterica Remodels the Host Cell Endosomal System for Efficient Intravacuolar Nutrition. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:390-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Singh V, Finke-Isami J, Hopper-Chidlaw AC, Schwerk P, Thompson A, Tedin K. Salmonella Co-opts Host Cell Chaperone-mediated Autophagy for Intracellular Growth. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1847-1864. [PMID: 27932462 PMCID: PMC5290957 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica are invasive intracellular pathogens that replicate within a membrane-bound compartment inside infected host cells known as the Salmonella-containing vacuole. How Salmonella obtains nutrients for growth within this intracellular niche despite the apparent isolation is currently not known. Recent studies have indicated the importance of glucose and related carbon sources for tissue colonization and intracellular proliferation within host cells during Salmonella infections, although none have been found to be essential. We found that wild-type Salmonella are capable of replicating within infected host cells in the absence of both exogenous sugars and/or amino acids. Furthermore, mutants defective in glucose uptake or dependent upon peptides for growth also showed no significant loss in intracellular replication, suggesting host-derived peptides can supply both carbon units and amino acids. Here, we show that intracellular Salmonella recruit the host proteins LAMP-2A and Hsc73, key components of the host protein turnover pathway known as chaperone-mediated autophagy involved in transport of cytosolic proteins to the lysosome for degradation. Host-derived peptides are shown to provide a significant contribution toward the intracellular growth of Salmonella The results reveal a means whereby intracellular Salmonella gain access to the host cell cytosol from within its membrane-bound compartment to acquire nutrients. Furthermore, this study provides an explanation as to how Salmonella evades activation of autophagy mechanisms as part of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Singh
- From the Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Finke-Isami
- From the Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Schwerk
- From the Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arthur Thompson
- the Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Tedin
- From the Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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33
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Santos JC, Enninga J. At the crossroads: communication of bacteria-containing vacuoles with host organelles. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:330-9. [PMID: 26762760 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive bacterial pathogens are engulfed upon host cell entry in a vacuolar environment called the bacteria-containing vacuole (BCV). BCVs directly contact with numerous host compartments, mainly vesicles of the endocytic pathway, such as endosomes or lysosomes. In addition, they also interact with the endoplasmic reticulum and endomembranes of the secretory pathway. These connections between the pathogen and the host occur either through heterotypic membrane fusions or through membrane contact sites. The precise regulation of BCV contacts with host compartments defines the constitution of the intracellular bacterial niche. It emerges that the associated pathways may control the stability of the BCV resulting either in vacuolar or cytoplasmically growing bacteria. Here, we will portray how the usage of novel proteomics and imaging technologies allows comparison of the communication of different host cell compartments with four relevant intracellular human pathogens, namely Salmonella enterica, Legionella pneumophila, Shigella flexneri and Francisella tularensis. The first two remain mainly within the BCV, and the latter two escape into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Santos
- Unit "Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions", Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jost Enninga
- Unit "Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions", Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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34
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Personnic N, Bärlocher K, Finsel I, Hilbi H. Subversion of Retrograde Trafficking by Translocated Pathogen Effectors. Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:450-462. [PMID: 26924068 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens subvert the endocytic bactericidal pathway to form specific replication-permissive compartments termed pathogen vacuoles or inclusions. To this end, the pathogens employ type III or type IV secretion systems, which translocate dozens, if not hundreds, of different effector proteins into their host cells, where they manipulate vesicle trafficking and signaling pathways in favor of the intruders. While the distinct cocktail of effectors defines the specific processes by which a pathogen vacuole is formed, the different pathogens commonly target certain vesicle trafficking routes, including the endocytic or secretory pathway. Recently, the retrograde transport pathway from endosomal compartments to the trans-Golgi network emerged as an important route affecting pathogen vacuole formation. Here, we review current insight into the host cell's retrograde trafficking pathway and how vacuolar pathogens of the genera Legionella, Coxiella, Salmonella, Chlamydia, and Simkania employ mechanistically distinct strategies to subvert this pathway, thus promoting intracellular survival and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Personnic
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bärlocher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Finsel
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland; Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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35
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Alugubelly N, Hercik K, Kibler P, Nanduri B, Edelmann MJ. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in Yersinia enterocolitica-infected HeLa cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:562-9. [PMID: 26854600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Yersinia enterocolitica is a facultative intracellular pathogen and a causative agent of yersiniosis, which can be contracted by ingestion of contaminated food. Yersinia secretes virulence factors to subvert critical pathways in the host cell. In this study we utilized shotgun label-free proteomics to study differential protein expression in epithelial cells infected with Y.enterocolitica. We identified a total of 551 proteins, amongst which 42 were downregulated (including Prostaglandin E Synthase 3, POH-1 and Karyopherin alpha) and 22 were upregulated (including Rab1 and RhoA) in infected cells. We validated some of these results by western blot analysis of proteins extracted from Caco-2 and HeLa cells. The proteomic dataset was used to identify host canonical pathways and molecular functions modulated by this infection in the host cells. This study constitutes a proteome of Yersinia-infected cells and can support new discoveries in the area of host-pathogen interactions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY We describe a proteome of Yersinia enterocolitica-infected HeLa cells, including a description of specific proteins differentially expressed upon infection, molecular functions as well as pathways altered during infection. This proteomic study can lead to a better understanding of Y. enterocolitica pathogenesis in human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navatha Alugubelly
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Kamil Hercik
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Peter Kibler
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Mariola J Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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36
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Herweg JA, Hansmeier N, Otto A, Geffken AC, Subbarayal P, Prusty BK, Becher D, Hensel M, Schaible UE, Rudel T, Hilbi H. Purification and proteomics of pathogen-modified vacuoles and membranes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:48. [PMID: 26082896 PMCID: PMC4451638 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain pathogenic bacteria adopt an intracellular lifestyle and proliferate in eukaryotic host cells. The intracellular niche protects the bacteria from cellular and humoral components of the mammalian immune system, and at the same time, allows the bacteria to gain access to otherwise restricted nutrient sources. Yet, intracellular protection and access to nutrients comes with a price, i.e., the bacteria need to overcome cell-autonomous defense mechanisms, such as the bactericidal endocytic pathway. While a few bacteria rupture the early phagosome and escape into the host cytoplasm, most intracellular pathogens form a distinct, degradation-resistant and replication-permissive membranous compartment. Intracellular bacteria that form unique pathogen vacuoles include Legionella, Mycobacterium, Chlamydia, Simkania, and Salmonella species. In order to understand the formation of these pathogen niches on a global scale and in a comprehensive and quantitative manner, an inventory of compartment-associated host factors is required. To this end, the intact pathogen compartments need to be isolated, purified and biochemically characterized. Here, we review recent progress on the isolation and purification of pathogen-modified vacuoles and membranes, as well as their proteomic characterization by mass spectrometry and different validation approaches. These studies provide the basis for further investigations on the specific mechanisms of pathogen-driven compartment formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ana Herweg
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Hansmeier
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna C Geffken
- Priority Area Infections, Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences Borstel, Germany
| | - Prema Subbarayal
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bhupesh K Prusty
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Priority Area Infections, Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Department of Medicine, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich Munich, Germany ; Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
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37
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Liss V, Hensel M. Take the tube: remodelling of the endosomal system by intracellularSalmonella enterica. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:639-47. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Liss
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie; Universität Osnabrück; Barbarastr. 11 Osnabrück 49076 Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abteilung Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie; Universität Osnabrück; Barbarastr. 11 Osnabrück 49076 Germany
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