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Canales C, Ibarra AJ, Burton BN, Cole DJ, Whittington R, Cannesson M. Perspectives on Ethnic and Language Diversity in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:782-787. [PMID: 37712470 PMCID: PMC10513730 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Canales
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J. Ibarra
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Brittany N. Burton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Cole
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Whittington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maxime Cannesson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Indorewalla KK, Osher J, Lanca M, Kartik R, Vaidya N, Moncata S. A normative study of the Color Trails Test in the adult Indian population. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022; 29:899-906. [PMID: 32970488 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1819279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Color Trails Test (CTT) is a neuropsychological measure assessing for frontal and executive functioning, while also minimizing the cultural and language barriers inherent in similar measures such as the Trail Making Test (TMT). This study establishes convergent validity for the CTT in the Indian population by comparing participant performance on the CTT and TMT. It also generates culturally appropriate normative data for CTT-Form A among the Indian adult population. Six-hundred and sixty-nine cognitively healthy, community-dwelling individuals between ages 18 and 69 participated in the study and were stratified based on age, gender, and educational attainment. Participant performance on the CTT and TMT were correlated to establish convergent validity. Strong correlation was found between TMT-A and CTT-1 (r = 0.61) and between TMT-B and CTT-2 (r = 0.66). An analysis of variance test was used to determine the mean and standard deviation for each stratified participant group. Further analysis found that age and educational attainment significantly impact participant performance on CTT-1 [F(4, 649) = 4.395, p = 0.002], whereas gender, age, and educational attainment significantly impact participant performance on CTT-2 [F(4,649) = 2.446, p = 0.045]. Normative data generated from this study has important clinical implications and contributes to the growing body of culturally appropriate normative data available for the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Osher
- Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Lanca
- Neuropsychological and Psychological Assessment Service, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Samuel Moncata
- Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, MA, USA
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3
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Linari I, Juantorena GE, Ibáñez A, Petroni A, Kamienkowski JE. Unveiling Trail Making Test: visual and manual trajectories indexing multiple executive processes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14265. [PMID: 35995786 PMCID: PMC9395513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the most popular neuropsychological tests for executive functions (EFs) assessment. It presents several strengths: it is sensitive to executive dysfunction, it is easy to understand, and has a short administration. However, it has important limitations. First, the underlying EFs articulated during the task are not well discriminated, which makes it a test with low specificity. Second, the pen-and-paper version presents one trial per condition which introduces high variability. Third, only the total time is quantified, which does not allow for a detailed analysis. Fourth, it has a fixed spatial configuration per condition. We designed a computerised version of the TMT to overcome its main limitations and evaluated it in a group of neurotypical adults. Eye and hand positions are measured with high resolution over several trials, and spatial configuration is controlled. Our results showed a very similar performance profile compared to the traditional TMT. Moreover, it revealed differences in eye movements between parts A and B. Most importantly, based on hand and eye movements, we found an internal working memory measure that showed an association to a validated working memory task. Additionally, we proposed another internal measure as a potential marker of inhibitory control. Our results showed that EFs can be studied in more detail using traditional tests combined with powerful digital setups. The cTMT showed potential use in older adult populations and patients with EFs disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Linari
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo E Juantorena
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA.,Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Petroni
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan E Kamienkowski
- Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencias de la Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Maestría de Explotación de Datos y Descubrimiento del Conocimiento, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 1, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Differences between multimodal brain-age and chronological-age are linked to telomere shortening. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 115:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Boyle R, Jollans L, Rueda-Delgado LM, Rizzo R, Yener GG, McMorrow JP, Knight SP, Carey D, Robertson IH, Emek-Savaş DD, Stern Y, Kenny RA, Whelan R. Brain-predicted age difference score is related to specific cognitive functions: a multi-site replication analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:327-345. [PMID: 32141032 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain-predicted age difference scores are calculated by subtracting chronological age from 'brain' age, which is estimated using neuroimaging data. Positive scores reflect accelerated ageing and are associated with increased mortality risk and poorer physical function. To date, however, the relationship between brain-predicted age difference scores and specific cognitive functions has not been systematically examined using appropriate statistical methods. First, applying machine learning to 1359 T1-weighted MRI scans, we predicted the relationship between chronological age and voxel-wise grey matter data. This model was then applied to MRI data from three independent datasets, significantly predicting chronological age in each dataset: Dokuz Eylül University (n = 175), the Cognitive Reserve/Reference Ability Neural Network study (n = 380), and The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (n = 487). Each independent dataset had rich neuropsychological data. Brain-predicted age difference scores were significantly negatively correlated with performance on measures of general cognitive status (two datasets); processing speed, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility (three datasets); visual attention and cognitive flexibility (two datasets); and semantic verbal fluency (two datasets). As such, there is firm evidence of correlations between increased brain-predicted age differences and reduced cognitive function in some domains that are implicated in cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Boyle
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lee Jollans
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany
| | - Laura M Rueda-Delgado
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rossella Rizzo
- Physics Department, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Görsev G Yener
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, İzmir, Turkey
- Brain Dynamics Multidisciplinary Research Center, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Jason P McMorrow
- Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel Carey
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ian H Robertson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Derya D Emek-Savaş
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Robert Whelan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Berry J, Wallace KL, Shores EA. The Chinese Australian Neuropsychological Normative Study sample performance on Western and Chinese norms: Caveats for cross‐cultural neuropsychology. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Berry
- Advanced Neuropsychological Treatment Services, Strathfield South, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen L. Wallace
- Advanced Neuropsychological Treatment Services, Strathfield South, Australia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, St Joseph's Hospital, Auburn, Australia
| | - Edwin A. Shores
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Comparison of cognitive function between early- and late-onset late-life depression in remission. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113051. [PMID: 32474065 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Differences in cognitive function have been suggested in people with late-life depression between those with early- (EOD) and late-onset (LOD), possibly reflecting different etiologies. The cutoff point for EOD and LOD was the first depressive episode before age 60 or later. However, depressive symptoms at the time of disorder are important confounders. The study aimed to compare cognitive function in older people with EOD and LOD in the euthymic state. A sample of 135 participants aged 60+ with a history of major depressive disorder in remission, received neuropsychological evaluation including tests of memory, attention, processing speed, visuospatial function, language, and executive function. Individual test scores and a derived composite score were investigated as dependent variables against age of onset using multiple linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders, including residual depressive symptoms. We found EOD (N = 67) and LOD (N = 68) groups did not differ significantly in overall composite cognitive scores after adjustment. Of individual test scores, only those for immediate recall were significantly lower in participants with EOD compared to LOD. In conclusion, the study found no associations between cognitive function and age of onset in this sample of people with depressive disorder in remission. Active or residual depressive symptoms might have confounded this relationship in previous research.
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Bracken MR, Mazur-Mosiewicz A, Glazek K. Trail Making Test: Comparison of paper-and-pencil and electronic versions. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2018; 26:522-532. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1460371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene R. Bracken
- Department of Psychiatry, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anya Mazur-Mosiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kuba Glazek
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Leeuwis AE, Smith LA, Melbourne A, Hughes AD, Richards M, Prins ND, Sokolska M, Atkinson D, Tillin T, Jäger HR, Chaturvedi N, van der Flier WM, Barkhof F. Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Functioning in a Community-Based, Multi-Ethnic Cohort: The SABRE Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:279. [PMID: 30279656 PMCID: PMC6154257 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) is associated with cardiovascular disease and vascular risk factors, and is increasingly acknowledged as an important contributor to cognitive decline and dementia. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between CBF and cognitive functioning in a community-based, multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: From the SABRE (Southall and Brent Revisited) study, we included 214 European, 151 South Asian and 87 African Caribbean participants (71 ± 5 years; 39%F). We used 3T pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling to estimate whole-brain, hematocrit corrected CBF. We measured global cognition and three cognitive domains (memory, executive functioning/attention and language) with a neuropsychological test battery. Associations were investigated using linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic variables, vascular risk factors and MRI measures. Results: Across groups, we found an association between higher CBF and better performance on executive functioning/attention (standardized ß [stß] = 0.11, p < 0.05). Stratification for ethnicity showed associations between higher CBF and better performance on memory and executive functioning/attention in the white European group (stß = 0.14; p < 0.05 and stß = 0.18; p < 0.01 respectively), associations were weaker in the South Asian and African Caribbean groups. Conclusions: In a multi-ethnic community-based cohort we showed modest associations between CBF and cognitive functioning. In particular, we found an association between higher CBF and better performance on executive functioning/attention and memory in the white European group. The observations are consistent with the proposed role of cerebral hemodynamics in cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Leeuwis
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lorna A Smith
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- Translational Imaging Group, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D Hughes
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niels D Prins
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Sokolska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Atkinson
- Centre for Medical Imaging University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Therese Tillin
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans R Jäger
- Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science University College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Park CM, Williams ED, Chaturvedi N, Tillin T, Stewart RJ, Richards M, Shibata D, Mayet J, Hughes AD. Associations Between Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Brain Structure and Function: Findings From the SABRE (Southall and Brent Revisited) Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004898. [PMID: 28420646 PMCID: PMC5533007 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction has been inconsistently associated with early cognitive impairment, and mechanistic pathways have been poorly considered. We investigated the cross‐sectional relationship between LV dysfunction and structural/functional measures of the brain and explored the role of potential mechanisms. Method and Results A total of 1338 individuals (69±6 years) from the Southall and Brent Revisited study underwent echocardiography for systolic (tissue Doppler imaging peak systolic wave) and diastolic (left atrial diameter) assessment. Cognitive function was assessed and total and hippocampal brain volumes were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Global LV function was assessed by circulating N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide. The role of potential mechanistic pathways of arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis, microvascular disease, and inflammation were explored. After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, lower systolic function was associated with lower total brain (beta±standard error, 14.9±3.2 cm3; P<0.0001) and hippocampal volumes (0.05±0.02 cm3, P=0.01). Reduced diastolic function was associated with poorer working memory (−0.21±0.07, P=0.004) and fluency scores (−0.18±0.08, P=0.02). Reduced global LV function was associated with smaller hippocampal volume (−0.10±0.03 cm3, P=0.004) and adverse visual memory (−0.076±0.03, P=0.02) and processing speed (0.063±0.02, P=0.006) scores. Separate adjustment for concomitant cardiovascular risk factors attenuated associations with hippocampal volume and fluency only. Further adjustment for the alternative pathways of microvascular disease or arterial stiffness attenuated the relationship between global LV function and visual memory. Conclusions In a community‐based sample of older people, measures of LV function were associated with structural/functional measures of the brain. These associations were not wholly explained by concomitant risk factors or potential mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M Park
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily D Williams
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Therese Tillin
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Shibata
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jamil Mayet
- ICCH, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D Hughes
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chan AS, Sze SL, Cheung MC, Han YMY. Development and application of neuropsychology in Hong Kong: implications of its value and future advancement. Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 30:1236-1251. [PMID: 27684572 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2016.1196732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the development, application, and value of neuropsychology, and the standard education and training pathway for neuropsychologists or clinical neuropsychologists in Hong Kong. METHOD The information provided here was gathered via a literature review of the status of neuropsychology and the validity of commonly adopted neuropsychological tests in Hong Kong. Additional details were acquired via the internet about local tertiary education curricula and the related requirements, the availability of professional associations for licensure or board certification, and relevant statistics/surveys conducted by the government. Some information about the clinical practice of neuropsychology was collected through personal communication with local clinical psychologists. RESULTS The development of neuropsychology in Hong Kong over the past 20 years is rapid and productive, given the increasing application of advanced neuroimaging techniques, neuropsychological tests, and opportunities for exchanging up-to-date neuropsychological knowledge and professional training through international conferences, workshops, and seminars. Given that neuropsychology services are often provided by clinical psychologists who are master's degree graduates in clinical psychology, the relatively limited training in neuropsychological knowledge and skills and the lack of division for membership or mandatory registration as a neuropsychologist/clinical neuropsychologist may have an impact on the quality of clinical neuropsychological services and the development of this specialty. CONCLUSIONS These findings signify a need for further improvement or refinement of educational and training pathways for neuropsychologist or clinical neuropsychologist along with the recognition of its value in clinical practice through registration of different disciplines of psychology in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- a Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China.,b Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophia L Sze
- a Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China.,b Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mei-Chun Cheung
- c Department of Social Work , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yvonne M Y Han
- d Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR, China
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Foster PS, Drago V, Ferguson BJ, Harrison PK, Harrison DW. Quantitative electroencephalographic and neuropsychological investigation of an alternative measure of frontal lobe executive functions: the Figure Trail Making Test. Brain Inform 2015; 2:239-251. [PMID: 27747564 PMCID: PMC4883177 DOI: 10.1007/s40708-015-0025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequently used measures of executive functioning are either sensitive to left frontal lobe functioning or bilateral frontal functioning. Relatively little is known about right frontal lobe contributions to executive functioning given the paucity of measures sensitive to right frontal functioning. The present investigation reports the development and initial validation of a new measure designed to be sensitive to right frontal lobe functioning, the Figure Trail Making Test (FTMT). The FTMT, the classic Trial Making Test, and the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) were administered to 42 right-handed men. The results indicated a significant relationship between the FTMT and both the TMT and the RFFT. Performance on the FTMT was also related to high beta EEG over the right frontal lobe. Thus, the FTMT appears to be an equivalent measure of executive functioning that may be sensitive to right frontal lobe functioning. Applications for use in frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and other patient populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Foster
- Psychology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, 1500 Greenland Drive, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Valeria Drago
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Laboratorio LENITEM, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Brad J Ferguson
- Psychology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, 1500 Greenland Drive, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Patti Kelly Harrison
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David W Harrison
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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15
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Fasfous AF, Puente AE, Perez-Marfil MN, Cruz-Quintana F, Peralta-Ramirez I, Perez-Garcia M. Is the Color Trails Culture Free? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2013; 28:743-9. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/act062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Taylor C, Tillin T, Chaturvedi N, Dewey M, Ferri CP, Hughes A, Prince M, Richards M, Shah A, Stewart R. Midlife hypertensive status and cognitive function 20 years later: the Southall and Brent revisited study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:1489-98. [PMID: 24028355 PMCID: PMC3902992 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate long-term prospective associations between a range of measurements of hypertensive status in midlife and cognitive impairment 20 years later. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Two areas (Southall and Brent) of northwest London. Participants: Survey samples of a multiethnic population (European, African Caribbean, South Asian) aged 40 to 67 were followed up 20 years later. Measurements: Comprehensive cardiovascular assessments were performed at baseline, including measurements of resting blood pressure (BP) and, in a subsample, ambulatory BP. At follow-up, a battery of cognitive assessments was administered, and a composite outcome was derived, with impairment defined as the lowest 10% within each ethnic group. Logistic regression models were used to investigate associations with prior measures of hypertensive status. Results: In 1,484 participants at follow-up, cognitive impairment showed significant U-shaped associations with baseline diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP; strongest for those aged ≥50 at baseline), independent of a range of covariates, but no associations were found with systolic BP or pulse pressure. Cognitive impairment was also associated with antihypertensive medication use and higher evening ambulatory DBP at baseline. No substantial differences in strengths of association were found between ethnic groups. Conclusion: Low and high DBP and MAP were associated with cognitive impairment 20 years later. Higher evening DBP on ambulatory monitoring was also associated with greater risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Taylor
- King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry), London, UK
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Zhao Q, Guo Q, Li F, Zhou Y, Wang B, Hong Z. The Shape Trail Test: application of a new variant of the Trail making test. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57333. [PMID: 23437370 PMCID: PMC3577727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Trail making test (TMT) is culture-loaded because of reliance on the Latin alphabet, limiting its application in Eastern populations. The Shape Trail Test (STT) has been developed as a new variant. This study is to examine the applicability of the STT in a senile Chinese population and to evaluate its potential advantages and disadvantages. METHOD A total of 2470 participants were recruited, including 1151 cognitively normal control (NC), 898 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 421 mild Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Besides the STT, the Mini mental state examination and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery involving memory, language, attention, executive function and visuospatial ability were administered to all the participants. In a subgroup of 100 NC and 50 AD patients, both the STT and the Color Trail Test (CTT) were performed. RESULTS In NC, the time consumed for Part A and B (STT-A and STT-B) significantly correlated with age and negatively correlated with education (p<0.01). STT-A and B significantly differed among the AD, aMCI and NC. The number that successfully connected within one minute in Part B (STT-B-1 min) correlated well with STT-B (r = 0.71, p<0.01) and distinguished well among NC, aMCI and AD. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the AUCs (area under the curve) for STT-A, STT-B, and STT-B-1min in identifying AD were 0.698, 0.694 and 0.709, respectively. The STT correlated with the CTT, but the time for completion was longer. CONCLUSION The TMT is a sensitive test of visual search and sequencing. The STT is a meaningful attempt to develop a "culture-fair" variant of the TMT in addition to the CTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Gerontology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chan MT, Cheng BC, Lee TM, Gin T. BIS-guided Anesthesia Decreases Postoperative Delirium and Cognitive Decline. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2013; 25:33-42. [DOI: 10.1097/ana.0b013e3182712fba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Messinis L, Malegiannaki AC, Christodoulou T, Panagiotopoulos V, Papathanasopoulos P. Color Trails Test: Normative Data and Criterion Validity for the Greek Adult Population. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2011; 26:322-30. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wang Q, Sun J, Ma X, Wang Y, Yao J, Deng W, Liu X, Collier DA, Li T. Normative data on a battery of neuropsychological tests in the Han Chinese population. J Neuropsychol 2011; 5:126-42. [DOI: 10.1348/174866410x516803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Andersson U. Working memory as a predictor of written arithmetical skills in children: The importance of central executive functions. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 78:181-203. [PMID: 17535520 DOI: 10.1348/000709907x209854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was conducted in an attempt to further our understanding of how working memory contributes to written arithmetical skills in children. AIM The aim was to pinpoint the contribution of different central executive functions and to examine the contribution of the two subcomponents of children's written arithmetical skills. SAMPLE AND METHOD A total of 141 third- and fourth-graders were administered arithmetical tasks and measures of working memory, fluid IQ and reading. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between working memory and written arithmetical skills. RESULTS Three central executive measures (counting span, trail making and verbal fluency) and one phonological loop measure (Digit Span) were significant and predictors of arithmetical performance when the influence of reading, age and IQ was controlled for in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate that working memory, in general, and the central executive, in particular, contribute to children's arithmetical skills. It was hypothesized that monitoring and coordinating multiple processes, and accessing arithmetical knowledge from long-term memory, are important central executive functions during arithmetical performance. The contribution of the phonological loop and the central executive (concurrent processing and storage of numerical information) indicates that children aged 9-10 years primarily utilize verbal coding strategies during written arithmetical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
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Zin CS, Nissen LM, O'Callaghan JP, Duffull SB, Smith MT, Moore BJ. A randomized, controlled trial of oxycodone versus placebo in patients with postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy treated with pregabalin. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 11:462-71. [PMID: 19962354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of pregabalin in combination with oxycodone or placebo, in patients with either postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) or painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). After a 7-day washout period, 62 patients were randomized to receive either oxycodone mixture 10 mg/day or placebo mixture for 1 week. Patients were then started on open-label pregabalin (75, 150, 300 and 600 mg/day) according to a forced titration dosing regimen, while continuing the same dosage of oxycodone or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was a decrease in the pain-intensity score of at least 2cm and a pain score <4cm measured using a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS) following pregabalin dosage escalation and treatment for 4 weeks. Secondary efficacy measures included sleep interference and the Neuropathic Pain Scale. There were similar levels of overall efficacy between pregabalin/oxycodone and pregabalin/placebo groups in relieving PHN and PDN related pain. PERSPECTIVE Peripheral neuropathic pain presents commonly in clinical practice, and 2 of its most prevalent types are PHN and PDN. Currently available treatments provide some degree of pain relief in approximately 40-60% of patients, leaving the remainder with unremitting pain. Although this study supports the effectiveness of pregabalin in the treatment of PHN or PDN, it also shows that the addition of a low dose of oxycodone at 10mg/day does not enhance the pain-relieving effects of pregabalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che S Zin
- The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, St Lucia Campus, QLD 4072, Australia
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Cangoz B, Karakoc E, Selekler K. Trail Making Test: Normative data for Turkish elderly population by age, sex and education. J Neurol Sci 2009; 283:73-8. [PMID: 19264326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Llorente AM, Voigt RG, Williams J, Frailey JK, Satz P, D’Elia LF. Children's Color Trails Test 1 & 2: Test–Retest Reliability and Factorial Validity. Clin Neuropsychol 2009; 23:645-60. [DOI: 10.1080/13854040802427795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kudiaki Ç, Aslan A. Executive Functions in a Turkish Sample: Associations with Demographic Variables and Normative Data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:194-204. [DOI: 10.1080/09084280802324416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mok N, Tsang L, Lee TMC, Llorente AM. The impact of language on the equivalence of trail making tests: findings from three pediatric cohorts with different language dominance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:123-30. [PMID: 18568605 DOI: 10.1080/09084280802083962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different language backgrounds on performance and the functional equivalence of trail making tests were examined. The children's version of the Trail Making Test A and B (TMT) and the Children's Color Trails Test 1 and 2 (CCTT) were employed with right-handed (n = 79) participants. Children were classified into three groups according to language proficiency: Chinese dominant (CDL), Chinese-English bilinguals (CEB), and English dominant (EDL). In general, the CDL group exhibited the best performance on Children's Color Trails 1 and 2 and Trail Making Test A and B. In examining the functional equivalence of TMT and CCTT, both tests were influenced by language background and intelligence but not gender. The results suggest that language backgrounds do exert a modest effect on trail making tests and that diverging executive demands on CCTT 2 versus TMT B may impact their functional equivalence with different groups of participants. Therefore, caution should be exercised when comparing or replacing CCTT with TMT in children from different and diverging language backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Mok
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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FERNÁNDEZ ALBERTOL, MARCOPULOS BERNICEA. A comparison of normative data for the Trail Making Test from several countries: Equivalence of norms and considerations for interpretation. Scand J Psychol 2008; 49:239-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Andersson U. The contribution of working memory to children's mathematical word problem solving. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Martins IP, Castro-Caldas A, Townes BD, Ferreira G, Rodrigues P, Marques S, Rosebaum G, Benton TS, Leitão J, Derouen T. Age and sex differences in neurobehavioral performance: a study of Portuguese elementary school children. Int J Neurosci 2006; 115:1687-709. [PMID: 16287634 DOI: 10.1080/00207450590958556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study normative data were obtained on measures of IQ, visual/motor, motor and memory functions among Portuguese elementary school children. Subjects were 228 females and 275 males, 8.0 to 11.9 years of age, in grades 2 through 4, who participated in a dental study. Performance on all tests improved with increasing age. Females performed better in rote verbal learning, psychomotor speed, and speed of information processing. Males had higher scores on tests of visual learning, visual memory, and fine motor speed and coordination. Nonverbal IQ had a significant impact on all tests except motor speed and coordination. Results represent an initial attempt to evaluate Portuguese children in educational and medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pavão Martins
- Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, IMM Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Steinberg BA, Bieliauskas LA, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ. Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies: Age- and IQ-Adjusted Norms for the Trail-Making Test, the Stroop Test, and MAE Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Clin Neuropsychol 2005; 19:329-77. [PMID: 16120535 DOI: 10.1080/13854040590945210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although normative data sets for standardized neuropsychometric instruments often include adjustments for subject variables, there are reasons to believe that improvements in interpretive accuracy that result from such adjustments are less than optimal. In particular, years of formal education may be less closely related to test performances than is general intellectual functioning. In this second of four reanalyses of results from the Mayo Clinic's Older Americans Normative Studies (MOANS) databases, age-adjusted scores for the Trail-Making Test, the Stroop Color-Word Test, and the MAE Controlled Oral Word Associations Test were found to be more strongly associated with Mayo age-adjusted WAIS-R Full Scale IQ scores (rs=.368 to .495) than with education (rs=.174 to .367) for healthy older examinees between 56 and 99 years of age. For the TMT and the COWAT, but not the Stroop, these associations became stronger as IQ increased (cf. Dodrill, 1997, 1999). Tables of age- and IQ-adjusted percentile equivalents of MOANS age-adjusted TMT, Stroop, and COWAT scores are presented for eleven age ranges and seven IQ ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Steinberg
- Comprehensive Neuropsychological Services, P.C., Cheshire, CT 06410, USA.
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The effect of the duration of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention. Neuroreport 2003. [DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200307180-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Chan AS, Shum D, Cheung RW. Recent Development of Cognitive and Neuropsychological Assessment in Asian Countries. Psychol Assess 2003; 15:257-67. [PMID: 14593826 DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing trend of research in neuropsychological assessment in Asia: The mean number of published studies increased from 1.8 in the 1980s to 16.0 in 2 recent years. About 40% of the studies reviewed concerned test development or adaptation, with the latter greatly outnumbering the former. To facilitate the test selection for clinical use, 36 clinical measures were evaluated based on some statistical criteria. The results showed that only 8 neuropsychological tests (5 Chinese, 2 Korean, and 1 Japanese) met the criteria. Given that Asian and Western populations differ on certain cognitive processes, future development of neuropsychological assessment measures in Asia should move from the adaptation of Western tests toward the construction of original tests with better ecological validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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