1
|
Mazhar S, Simon A, Khokhlova E, Colom J, Leeuwendaal N, Deaton J, Rea K. In vitro safety and functional characterization of the novel Bacillus coagulans strain CGI314. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1302480. [PMID: 38274758 PMCID: PMC10809412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1302480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacillus coagulans species have garnered much interest in health-related functional food research owing to their desirable probiotic properties, including pathogen exclusion, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and food fermentation capabilities coupled with their tolerance of extreme environments (pH, temperature, gastric and bile acid resistance) and stability due to their endosporulation ability. Methods In this study, the novel strain Bacillus coagulans CGI314 was assessed for safety, and functional probiotic attributes including resistance to heat, gastric acid and bile salts, the ability to adhere to intestinal cells, aggregation properties, the ability to suppress the growth of human pathogens, enzymatic profile, antioxidant capacity using biochemical and cell-based methods, cholesterol assimilation, anti-inflammatory activity, and attenuation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced disruption of the intestinal-epithelial barrier. Results B. coagulans CGI314 spores display resistance to high temperatures (40°C, 70°C, and 90°C), and gastric and bile acids [pH 3.0 and bile salt (0.3%)], demonstrating its ability to survive and remain viable under gastrointestinal conditions. Spores and the vegetative form of this strain were able to adhere to a mucous-producing intestinal cell line, demonstrated moderate auto-aggregation properties, and could co-aggregate with potentially pathogenic bacteria. Vegetative cells attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in HT-29 intestinal cell lines and demonstrated broad antagonistic activity toward numerous urinary tract, intestinal, oral, and skin pathogens. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated its ability to synthesize several amino acids, vitamins and short-chain fatty acids from the breakdown of complex molecules or by de novo synthesis. Additionally, B. coagulans CGI314's strong antioxidant capacity was demonstrated using enzyme-based methods and was further supported by its cytoprotective and antioxidant effects in HepG2 and HT-29 cell lines. Furthermore, B. coagulans CGI314 significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins and partially ameliorated the detrimental effects of H2O2 induced intestinal-epithelial barrier integrity. Discussion Taken together these beneficial functional properties provide strong evidence for B. coagulans CGI314 as a promising potential probiotic candidate in food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahneela Mazhar
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Annie Simon
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Khokhlova
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Natasha Leeuwendaal
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Deaton
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Kieran Rea
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shaikh SS, Jhala D, Patel A, Chettiar SS, Ghelani A, Malik A, Sengupta P. In-silico analysis of probiotic attributes and safety assessment of probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans BCP92 for human application. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovad145. [PMID: 38148133 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The whole genome sequence (WGS) of Bacillus coagulans BCP92 is reported along with its genomic analysis of probiotics and safety features. The identification of bacterial strain was carried out using the 16S rDNA sequencing method. Furthermore, gene-related probiotic features, safety assessment (by in vitro and in silico), and genome stability were also studied using the WGS analysis for the possible use of the bacterial strain as a probiotic. From the BLAST analysis, bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus (Heyndrickxia) coagulans. WGS analysis indicated that the genome consists of a 3 475 658 bp and a GC-content of 46.35%. Genome mining of BCP92 revealed that the strain is consist of coding sequences for d-lactate dehydrogenase and l-lactate dehydrogenases, 36 genes involved in fermentation activities, 29 stress-responsive as well as many adhesions related genes. The genome, also possessing genes, is encoded for the synthesis of novel circular bacteriocin. Using an in-silico approach for the bacterial genome study, it was possible to determine that the Bacillus (Heyndrickxia) coagulans strain BCP92 contains genes that are encoded for the probiotic abilities and did not harbour genes that are risk associated, thus confirming the strain's safety and suitability as a probiotic to be used for human application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohel S Shaikh
- Pellucid Lifesciences Pvt Ltd, Plot No.:3538, Phase-4, GIDC Industrial Estate, Chhatral, Gandhinagar 382729, India
| | - Devendrasinh Jhala
- Zoology Department, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Alpesh Patel
- Genexplore Diagnostics & Research Centre Pvt Ltd, 1201 to 1210, Iconic Shyamal, Shyamal, Ahmedabad 380015, India
| | - Shiva Shankaran Chettiar
- Genexplore Diagnostics & Research Centre Pvt Ltd, 1201 to 1210, Iconic Shyamal, Shyamal, Ahmedabad 380015, India
| | - Anjana Ghelani
- Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, M.T.B. College Campus, B/h P.T. Science College, Opp. Chowpati, Athwalines, Surat 395001, India
| | - Anis Malik
- Pellucid Lifesciences Pvt Ltd, Plot No.:3538, Phase-4, GIDC Industrial Estate, Chhatral, Gandhinagar 382729, India
| | - Priyajit Sengupta
- Pellucid Lifesciences Pvt Ltd, Plot No.:3538, Phase-4, GIDC Industrial Estate, Chhatral, Gandhinagar 382729, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mollova D, Gozmanova M, Apostolova E, Yahubyan G, Iliev I, Baev V. Illuminating the Genomic Landscape of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PU3-A Novel Probiotic Strain Isolated from Human Breast Milk, Explored through Nanopore Sequencing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2440. [PMID: 37894099 PMCID: PMC10609609 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum stands out as a remarkably diverse species of lactic acid bacteria, occupying a myriad of ecological niches. Particularly noteworthy is its presence in human breast milk, which can serve as a reservoir of probiotic bacteria, contributing significantly to the establishment and constitution of infant gut microbiota. In light of this, our study attempted to conduct an initial investigation encompassing both genomic and phenotypic aspects of the L. plantarum PU3 strain, that holds potential as a probiotic agent. By employing the cutting-edge third-generation Nanopore sequencing technology, L. plantarum PU3 revealed a circular chromosome of 3,180,940 bp and nine plasmids of various lengths. The L. plantarum PU3 genome has a total of 2962 protein-coding and non-coding genes. Our in-depth investigations revealed more than 150 probiotic gene markers that unfold the genetic determinants for acid tolerance, bile resistance, adhesion, and oxidative and osmotic stress. The in vivo analysis showed the strain's proficiency in utilizing various carbohydrates as growth substrates, complementing the in silico analysis of the genes involved in metabolic pathways. Notably, the strain demonstrated a pronounced affinity for D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, and D-Gluconic acid, among other carbohydrate sources. The in vitro experimental verification of acid, osmotic and bile tolerance validated the robustness of the strain in challenging environments. Encouragingly, no virulence factors were detected in the genome of PU3, suggesting its safety profile. In search of beneficial properties, we found potential bacteriocin biosynthesis clusters, suggesting its capability for antimicrobial activity. The characteristics exhibited by L. plantarum PU3 pave the way for promising strain potential, warranting further investigations to unlock its full capacity and contributions to probiotic and therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mollova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Mariyana Gozmanova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Galina Yahubyan
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (D.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Vesselin Baev
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (E.A.); (G.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Icer MA, Özbay S, Ağagündüz D, Kelle B, Bartkiene E, Rocha JMF, Ozogul F. The Impacts of Acidophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Food and Human Health: A Review of the Current Knowledge. Foods 2023; 12:2965. [PMID: 37569234 PMCID: PMC10418883 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to improve the safety/quality of food and the health of the hosts has resulted in increasing worldwide interest in acidophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the food, livestock as well as health industries. In addition to the use of acidophilic LAB with probiotic potential for food fermentation and preservation, their application in the natural disposal of acidic wastes polluting the environment is also being investigated. Considering this new benefit that has been assigned to probiotic microorganisms in recent years, the acceleration in efforts to identify new, efficient, promising probiotic acidophilic LAB is not surprising. One of these effots is to determine both the beneficial and harmful compounds synthesized by acidophilic LAB. Moreover, microorganisms are of concern due to their possible hemolytic, DNase, gelatinase and mucinolytic activities, and the presence of virulence/antibiotic genes. Hence, it is argued that acidophilic LAB should be evaluated for these parameters before their use in the health/food/livestock industry. However, this issue has not yet been fully discussed in the literature. Thus, this review pays attention to the less-known aspects of acidophilic LAB and the compounds they release, clarifying critical unanswered questions, and discussing their health benefits and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Sena Özbay
- Department of Food Technology, Kaman Vocational School, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 40360, Turkey;
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | - Bayram Kelle
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey;
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Tilzes 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Street 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel F. Rocha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Cukurova University, Balcalı, Adana 01330, Turkey;
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mirmajidi SH, Irajie C, Savardashtaki A, Negahdaripour M, Nezafat N, Ghasemi Y. Identification of potential RapJ hits as sporulation pathway inducer candidates in Bacillus coagulans via structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Mol Model 2023; 29:256. [PMID: 37464224 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterium Bacillus coagulans has attracted interest because of its ability to produce spores and advantageous probiotic traits, such as facilitating food digestion in the intestine, managing some disorders, and controlling the symbiotic microbiota. Spore-forming probiotic bacteria are especially important in the probiotic industry compared to non-spore-forming bacteria due to their stability during production and high resistance to adverse factors such as stomach acid. When spore-forming bacteria are exposed to environmental stresses, they enter the sporulation pathway to survive. This pathway is activated by the final phosphorylation of the master regulator of spore response, Spo0A, and upon achieving the phosphorylation threshold. Spo0A is indirectly inhibited by some enzymes of the aspartate response regulator phosphatase (Rap) family, such as RapJ. RapJ is one of the most important Rap enzymes in the sporogenesis pathway, which is naturally inhibited by the pentapeptides. METHODS This study used structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to find potential RapJ hits that could induce the sporulation pathway. The crystal structures of RapJ complexed with pentapeptide clearly elucidated their interactions with the enzyme active site. RESULTS Based on the binding compartment, through molecular docking, MD simulation, hydrogen bonds, and binding-free energy calculations, a series of novel hits against RapJ named tandutinib, infigratinib, sitravatinib, linifanib, epertinib, surufatinib, and acarbose were identified. Among these compounds, acarbose obtained the highest score, especially in terms of the number of hydrogen bonds, which plays a major role in stabilizing RapJ-ligand complexes, and also according to the occupancy percentages of hydrogen bonds, its hydrogen bonds were more stable during the simulation time. Consequently, acarbose is probably the most suitable hit for RapJ enzyme. Notably, experimental validation is crucial to confirm the effectiveness of the selected ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Habibeh Mirmajidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tolieng V, Tanaka N, Shiwa Y, Thitiprasert S, Kanchanasin P, Phongsopitanun W, Booncharoen A, Thongchul N, Tanasupawat S. Weizmannia acidilactici sp. nov., a lactic acid producing bacterium isolated from soils. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126389. [PMID: 36577291 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2022.126389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The strains designed PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 isolated from soils, were Gram-stain-positive rods, facultative anaerobe, endospore-forming bacteria. The strains produced l-lactic acid from glucose. They showed positive for catalase but negative for oxidase, nitrate reduction and arginine hydrolysis. Strains P-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 were closely related to Weizmannia coagulans LMG 6326T (97.27-97.64%) and W. acidiproducens KCTC 13078T (96.46-96.74%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. They contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids of strain PP-18T were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The ANIb and ANIm values among the genomes of strains PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 are above 99.4% while their ANIb and ANIm values among them and W. coagulans LMG 6326T and W. acidiproducens KCTC 13078T were ranged from 76.61 to 79.59%. These 3 strains showed the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 20.7-23.6% when compared with W. coagulans LMG 6326T and W. acidiproducens DSM 23148T. The DNA G + C contents of strains PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 were 45.82%, 45.86% and 45.86%, respectively. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipids. The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and whole-genome analysis indicated that the strains PP-18T, JC-4 and JC-7 should be represented as a novel species within the genus Weizmannia for which the name Weizmannia acidilactici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PP-18T (=KCTC 33974T = NBRC 113028T = TISTR 2515T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasana Tolieng
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naoto Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yuh Shiwa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Sitanan Thitiprasert
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawina Kanchanasin
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wongsakorn Phongsopitanun
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Auttaporn Booncharoen
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nuttha Thongchul
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koutsoumanis KP, Misiou OD, Kakagianni MN. Climate change threatens the microbiological stability of non-refrigerated foods. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
8
|
MLST analysis of genetic diversity of Bacillus coagulans strains to evaluate effects on constipation model. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
9
|
Cao J, Yu Z, Zhang Q, Yu L, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Effects of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 as an adjunct starter culture on the production of yogurt. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
10
|
Liu DM, Huang YY, Liang MH. Analysis of the probiotic characteristics and adaptability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DMDL 9010 to gastrointestinal environment by complete genome sequencing and corresponding phenotypes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
11
|
Assessing the safety and probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans 13002 based on complete genome and phenotype analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Misiou O, Zourou C, Koutsoumanis K. Development and validation of a predictive model for the effect of temperature, pH and water activity on the growth kinetics of Bacillus coagulans in non-refrigerated ready-to-eat food products. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110705. [PMID: 34600697 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A cardinal model (CM) for the effects of temperature (range: 32-59 °C), pH (range: 5.0-8.5) and water activity (aw) (range: 0.980-0.995) on Bacillus coagulans DSM 1 growth rate was developed in brain heart infusion broth (BHI), using the Bioscreen C method and further validated in selected food products. The estimated values for the cardinal parameters Tmin, Topt, Tmax, pHmin, pHopt, pHmax, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were 23.77 ± 0.19 °C, 52.89 ± 0.01 °C, 59.37 ± 0.07 °C, 4.70 ± 0.02, 6.43 ± 0.02, 8.56 ± 0.01, 0.969 ± 0.0007 and 0.998 ± 0.0011, respectively. The growth behaviour of B. coagulans was studied in five commercial non-refrigerated ready-to-eat food products under static conditions at 53 °C in order to estimate the optimum specific growth rate for each tested food product. The developed models were validated in the five selected food products under four different dynamic temperature profiles by comparing predicted and observed growth behaviour of B. coagulans. The validation results indicated a good performance of the model for all tested products with the overall Bias factor (Bf) and Accuracy factor (Af) estimated at 1.00 and 1.12, respectively. The developed model can be considered an effective tool in predicting B. coagulans growth and spoilage risks of non-refrigerated ready-to-eat food products during distribution and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Misiou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Zourou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Koutsoumanis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma S, Cao J, Liliu R, Li N, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Effects of Bacillus coagulans as an adjunct starter culture on yogurt quality and storage. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7466-7479. [PMID: 33896630 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans has been widely studied for its probiotic properties. Therefore, identifying a strain that can be used as an adjunct starter culture for yogurt production would have commercial value. In this study, 30 B. coagulans strains were isolated from vegetable samples from 11 provinces or autonomous regions in China, and their pan-genomic and phylogenetic characteristics were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis categorized 30 strains into 4 different subphylotypes, including subtype I (11 isolates), subtype II (7 isolates), subtype III (11 isolates), and subtype IV (1 isolate). Four B. coagulans strains (B. coagulans-70, B. coagulans-78, B. coagulans-79, and B. coagulans-100) were randomly selected from each subphylotype of the phylogenetic tree as adjunct starter cultures. Compared with the other tested strains, B. coagulans-70 showed the highest count in yogurt at the end of the manufacturing period. Comparative genome analysis indicated that the different bacterial levels of B. coagulans strains in yogurt may be associated with the abundance of genes related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism (e.g., sucrose utilization). Finally, differences in texture and volatile flavor compound profiles were observed between the yogurt samples. Compared with the other groups, the addition of B. coagulans-70 exerted a positive effect on the appearance and texture of yogurt products. Volatile analysis showed increased quantities of 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, amyl alcohol, and 2-hydroxy-3-pentanone in the B. coagulans-70 group compared with control yogurts. These results above combined with the results of a sensory evaluation indicated that B. coagulans-70 is the most suitable strain for further use in functional dairy product development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ruolan Liliu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Efficient Co-Utilization of Biomass-Derived Mixed Sugars for Lactic Acid Production by Bacillus coagulans Azu-10. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic and algal biomass are promising substrates for lactic acid (LA) production. However, lack of xylose utilization and/or sequential utilization of mixed-sugars (carbon catabolite repression, CCR) from biomass hydrolysates by most microorganisms limits achievable titers, yields, and productivities for economical industry-scale production. This study aimed to design lignocellulose-derived substrates for efficient LA production by a thermophilic, xylose-utilizing, and inhibitor-resistant Bacillus coagulans Azu-10. This strain produced 102.2 g/L of LA from 104 g/L xylose at a yield of 1.0 g/g and productivity of 3.18 g/L/h. The CCR effect and LA production were investigated using different mixtures of glucose (G), cellobiose (C), and/or xylose (X). Strain Azu-10 has efficiently co-utilized GX and CX mixture without CCR; however, total substrate concentration (>75 g/L) was the only limiting factor. The strain completely consumed GX and CX mixture and homoferemnatively produced LA up to 76.9 g/L. On the other hand, fermentation with GC mixture exhibited obvious CCR where both glucose concentration (>25 g/L) and total sugar concentration (>50 g/L) were the limiting factors. A maximum LA production of 50.3 g/L was produced from GC mixture with a yield of 0.93 g/g and productivity of 2.09 g/L/h. Batch fermentation of GCX mixture achieved a maximum LA concentration of 62.7 g/L at LA yield of 0.962 g/g and productivity of 1.3 g/L/h. Fermentation of GX and CX mixture was the best biomass for LA production. Fed-batch fermentation with GX mixture achieved LA production of 83.6 g/L at a yield of 0.895 g/g and productivity of 1.39 g/L/h.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gupta RS, Patel S, Saini N, Chen S. Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:5753-5798. [PMID: 33112222 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the evolutionary relationships and classification of Bacillus species, comprehensive phylogenomic and comparative analyses were performed on >300 Bacillus/Bacillaceae genomes. Multiple genomic-scale phylogenetic trees were initially reconstructed to identify different monophyletic clades of Bacillus species. In parallel, detailed analyses were performed on protein sequences of genomes to identify conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are specific for each of the identified clades. We show that in different reconstructed trees, most of the Bacillus species, in addition to the Subtilis and Cereus clades, consistently formed 17 novel distinct clades. Additionally, some Bacillus species reliably grouped with the genera Alkalicoccus, Caldalkalibacillus, Caldibacillus, Salibacterium and Salisediminibacterium. The distinctness of identified Bacillus species clades is independently strongly supported by 128 identified CSIs which are unique characteristics of these clades, providing reliable means for their demarcation. Based on the strong phylogenetic and molecular evidence, we are proposing that these 17 Bacillus species clades should be recognized as novel genera, with the names Alteribacter gen. nov., Ectobacillus gen. nov., Evansella gen. nov., Ferdinandcohnia gen. nov., Gottfriedia gen. nov., Heyndrickxia gen. nov., Lederbergia gen. nov., Litchfieldia gen. nov., Margalitia gen. nov., Niallia gen. nov., Priestia gen. nov., Robertmurraya gen. nov., Rossellomorea gen. nov., Schinkia gen. nov., Siminovitchia gen. nov., Sutcliffiella gen. nov. and Weizmannia gen. nov. We also propose to transfer 'Bacillus kyonggiensis' to Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. (type strain: NB22=JCM 17569T=DSM 26768). Additionally, we report 31 CSIs that are unique characteristics of either the members of the Subtilis clade (containing the type species B. subtilis) or the Cereus clade (containing B. anthracis and B. cereus). As most Bacillus species which are not part of these two clades can now be assigned to other genera, we are proposing an emended description of the genus Bacillus to restrict it to only the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades.
Collapse
Key Words
- classification of Bacillus species
- conserved signature indels
- emendation of genus Bacillus
- genus Bacillus and the family Bacillaceae
- novel Bacillaceae genera Alteribacter, Ectobacillus, Evansella, Ferdinandcohnia, Gottfriedia, Heyndrickxia, Lederbergia, Litchfieldia, Margalitia, Niallia, Priestia, Robertmurraya, Rossellomorea, Schinkia, Siminovitchia, Sutcliffiella and Weizmannia
- phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhey S Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8N 3Z5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sudip Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8N 3Z5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Navneet Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8N 3Z5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton L8N 3Z5, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miranda JS, Costa BV, de Oliveira IV, de Lima DCN, Martins EMF, de Castro Leite Júnior BR, Almeida do Nascimento Benevenuto WC, Campelo de Queiroz I, Ribeiro da Silva R, Martins ML. Probiotic jelly candies enriched with native Atlantic Forest fruits and Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
17
|
Saroj DB, Gupta AK. Genome based safety assessment for Bacillus coagulans strain LBSC (DSM 17654) for probiotic application. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 318:108523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
18
|
Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Xu Y, Ying J, Wang B, Majeed M, Majeed S, Pande A, Li W. Application of Bacillus coagulans in Animal Husbandry and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030454. [PMID: 32182789 PMCID: PMC7143728 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Probiotics, a kind of feed additive, are widely used in animal husbandry and the effects are quite positive. Many strains of Bacillus spp. are currently used as probiotic dietary supplements in animal feeds. Bacillus coagulans, a probiotic with good application prospects, piqued our strong interest. In this review, information on Bacillus coagulans in scientific research and production practices is summarized. Abstract In recent decades, probiotics have attracted widespread attention and their application in healthcare and animal husbandry has been promising. Among many probiotics, Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) has become a key player in the field of probiotics in recent years. It has been demonstrated to be involved in regulating the balance of the intestinal microbiota, promoting metabolism and utilization of nutrients, improving immunity, and more importantly, it also has good industrial properties such as high temperature resistance, acid resistance, bile resistance, and the like. This review highlights the effects of B. coagulans in animal husbandry and its underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Jiafu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka 560058, India;
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Shaheen Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
- Sabinsa Corporation, Payson, UT 84651, USA
| | - Anurag Pande
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA; (S.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.Y.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13107728728
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao J, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Probiotic characteristics of Bacillus coagulans and associated implications for human health and diseases. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
20
|
Functional annotation of the genome unravels probiotic potential of Bacillus coagulans HS243. Genomics 2019; 111:921-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
21
|
Strain-level diversity of commercial probiotic isolates of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Saccharomyces species illustrated by molecular identification and phenotypic profiling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213841. [PMID: 30901338 PMCID: PMC6430388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic products are becoming more prevalent as awareness of the role of beneficial microbes in health increases. Ingredient labels of these products often omit identifications at the strain level, making it difficult to track down applicable published research. In this study, we investigated whether products labeled with the same species name contained different strains of those species. From 21 commercially available probiotic supplements and beverages, we cultured five main species: Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. To confirm the identity of each bacterial isolate, we applied standard molecular approaches: 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Phenotypic profiling and identification were performed with the Biolog Microbial Identification system. All of the bacterial isolates were correctly identified by at least one approach. Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene led to 82% of species identifications matching the product label, with 71% of isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS and 60% identified correctly with the Biolog system. Analysis of the Biolog phenotypic profiles revealed different patterns of carbon source usage by each species, with sugars preferentially utilized by all except B. subtilis. To assess the strain-level differences, we compared strains of the same species and found variability in carbohydrate utilization and tolerance to environmental stressors (salt, acidity, antibiotics). By demonstrating that products listing the same species often contain strains with different 16S sequences and phenotypes, this study highlights that current labels of probiotic supplements do not sufficiently convey the strain diversity in these products.
Collapse
|
22
|
Majlesi M, Shekarforoush SS, Ghaisari HR, Nazifi S, Sajedianfard J, Eskandari MH. Effect of Probiotic Bacillus Coagulans and Lactobacillus Plantarum on Alleviation of Mercury Toxicity in Rat. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:300-309. [PMID: 28084611 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus coagulans) against mercury-induced toxicity using a rat model. Mercury (Hg) is a widespread heavy metal and was shown to be associated with various diseases. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (control, mercury-only, each probiotic-only, and mercury plus each probiotic group). Hg-treated groups received 10 ppm mercuric chloride, and probiotic groups were administrated 1 × 109 CFU of probiotics daily for 48 days. Levels of mercury were determined using cold vapor technique, and some biochemical factors (list like glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), creatinine, urea, bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST)) were measured to evaluate changes in oxidative stress. Oral administration of either probiotic was found to provide significant protection against mercury toxicity by decreasing the mercury level in the liver and kidney and preventing alterations in the levels of GPx and SOD. Probiotic treatment generated marked reduction in the levels of creatinine, urea, bilirubin, ALT, and AST indicating the positive influence of the probiotics on the adverse effects of Hg in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Majlesi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahram Shekarforoush
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Ghaisari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Sajedianfard
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Eskandari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Konuray G, Erginkaya Z. Potential Use of Bacillus coagulans in the Food Industry. Foods 2018; 7:foods7060092. [PMID: 29899254 PMCID: PMC6025323 DOI: 10.3390/foods7060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are generally considered to beneficially affect host health when used in adequate amounts. Although generally used in dairy products, they are also widely used in various commercial food products such as fermented meats, cereals, baby foods, fruit juices, and ice creams. Among lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the most commonly used bacteria in probiotic foods, but they are not resistant to heat treatment. Probiotic food diversity is expected to be greater with the use of probiotics, which are resistant to heat treatment and gastrointestinal system conditions. Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) has recently attracted the attention of researchers and food manufacturers, as it exhibits characteristics of both the Bacillus and Lactobacillus genera. B. coagulans is a spore-forming bacterium which is resistant to high temperatures with its probiotic activity. In addition, a large number of studies have been carried out on the low-cost microbial production of industrially valuable products such as lactic acid and various enzymes of B. coagulans which have been used in food production. In this review, the importance of B. coagulans in food industry is discussed. Moreover, some studies on B. coagulans products and the use of B. coagulans as a probiotic in food products are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Konuray
- Department of Food Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey.
| | - Zerrin Erginkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Drejer EB, Hakvåg S, Irla M, Brautaset T. Genetic Tools and Techniques for Recombinant Expression in Thermophilic Bacillaceae. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020042. [PMID: 29748477 PMCID: PMC6027425 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis are the most prominent bacterial hosts for recombinant protein production by far, additional species are being explored as alternatives for production of difficult-to-express proteins. In particular, for thermostable proteins, there is a need for hosts able to properly synthesize, fold, and excrete these in high yields, and thermophilic Bacillaceae represent one potentially interesting group of microorganisms for such purposes. A number of thermophilic Bacillaceae including B.methanolicus, B.coagulans, B.smithii, B.licheniformis, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, G. kaustophilus, and G. stearothermophilus are investigated concerning physiology, genomics, genetic tools, and technologies, altogether paving the way for their utilization as hosts for recombinant production of thermostable and other difficult-to-express proteins. Moreover, recent successful deployments of CRISPR/Cas9 in several of these species have accelerated the progress in their metabolic engineering, which should increase their attractiveness for future industrial-scale production of proteins. This review describes the biology of thermophilic Bacillaceae and in particular focuses on genetic tools and methods enabling use of these organisms as hosts for recombinant protein production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eivind B Drejer
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sigrid Hakvåg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marta Irla
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trygve Brautaset
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Co-fermentation of the main sugar types from a beechwood organosolv hydrolysate by several strains of Bacillus coagulans results in effective lactic acid production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 18:e00245. [PMID: 29876297 PMCID: PMC5989531 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans is an interesting facultative anaerobic microorganism for biotechnological production of lactic acid that arouses interest. To determine the efficiency of biotechnological production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic feedstock hydrolysates, five Bacillus coagulans strains were grown in lignocellulose organosolv hydrolysate from ethanol/water-pulped beechwood. Parameter estimation based on a Monod-type model was used to derive the basic key parameters for a performance evaluation of the batch process. Three of the Bacillus coagulans strains, including DSM No. 2314, were able to produce lactate, primarily via uptake of glucose and xylose. Two other strains were identified as having the ability of utilizing cellobiose to a high degree, but they also had a lower affinity to xylose. The lactate yield concentration varied from 79.4 ± 2.1 g/L to 93.7 ± 1.4 g/L (85.4 ± 4.7 % of consumed carbohydrates) from the diluted organosolv hydrolysate.
Collapse
|
26
|
Main Groups of Microorganisms of Relevance for Food Safety and Stability. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD PRESERVATION 2018. [PMCID: PMC7150063 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811031-7.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiology is important to food safety, production, processing, preservation, and storage. Microbes such as bacteria, molds, and yeasts are employed for the foods production and food ingredients such as production of wine, beer, bakery, and dairy products. On the other hand, the growth and contamination of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms is considered as one of the main causes to loss of foodstuff nowadays. Although technology, hygienic strategies, and traceability are important factors to prevent and delay microbial growth and contamination, food remains susceptible to spoilage and activity of pathogen microorganisms. Food loss by either spoilage or contaminated food affects food industry and consumers leading to economic losses and increased hospitalization costs. This chapter focuses on general aspects, characteristics, and importance of main microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, molds, virus, and parasites) involved in food spoilage or contamination: known and recently discovered species; defects and alterations in foodstuff; most common food associated with each foodborne disease; resistance to thermal processing; occurrence in different countries; outbreaks; and associated symptoms.
Collapse
|
27
|
Seck EH, Beye M, Traore SI, Khelaifia S, Michelle C, Couderc C, Brah S, Fournier PE, Raoult D, Bittar F. Bacillus kwashiorkori sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from a malnourished child using culturomics. Microbiologyopen 2017; 7. [PMID: 29076642 PMCID: PMC5822343 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain SIT6T was isolated from the fecal flora of a severely malnourished child as part of a broad “culturomics” study aiming to maximize the culture conditions for the in‐depth exploration of the human microbiota. An analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain SIT6T shared 94.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans DKPT (NR_029151), the phylogenetically closest type species. Colonies are creamy white, circular, 4–5 mm in diameter after cultivation at 37°C for 24 hr on 5% sheep blood‐enriched Colombia agar. Growth occurs at temperatures in the range of 25–56°C (optimally at 37°C). Strain SIT6T is a gram‐positive, facultative anaerobic rod and motile by means of peritrichous flagella and sporulating; it is catalase and oxidase positive. The 2,784,637‐bp‐long genome, composed of 16 contigs, has a G+C content of 35.19%. Of the 2,646 predicted genes, 2,572 were protein‐coding genes and 74 were RNAs. The major fatty acids are saturated species (15:0 iso, 16:0 and 17:0 anteiso). Of the 14 detected fatty acids, 11 are saturated, either linear or branched (iso and anteiso). Digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) estimation and average genomic identity of orthologous gene sequences (AGIOS) of the strain SIT6T against genomes of the type strains of related species ranged between 18.6% and 38.3% and between 54.77% and 65.50%, respectively. According to our taxonogenomics results, we propose the creation of Bacillus kwashiorkori sp. nov. that contains the type strain SIT6T (=CSUR P2452T, =DSM 29059T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El Hadji Seck
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Mamadou Beye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sory Ibrahima Traore
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Saber Khelaifia
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Michelle
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Couderc
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Bittar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS 7278, AP-HM, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Glaser R, Venus J. Model-based characterisation of growth performance and l -lactic acid production with high optical purity by thermophilic Bacillus coagulans in a lignin-supplemented mixed substrate medium. N Biotechnol 2017; 37:180-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
Poudel P, Tashiro Y, Miyamoto H, Miyamoto H, Okugawa Y, Sakai K. Development of a systematic feedback isolation approach for targeted strains from mixed culture systems. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:63-70. [PMID: 27570222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of functions of bacteria in a mixed culture system (MCS) such as composting, activated sludge system is difficult, since the system is complicating with many unisolated bacteria. Here, we developed a systematic feedback isolation strategy for the isolation and rapid screening of multiple targeted strains from MCS. Six major strains (Corynebacterium sphenisci, Bacillus thermocloacae, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Bacillus smithii, Bacillus humi, and Bacillus coagulans), which are detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis in our previous study on MCS for l-lactic acid production, were targeted for isolation. Based on information of suitable cultivation conditions (e.g., media, pH, temperature) from the literature, feedback isolation was performed to form 136 colonies. The following direct colony matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was optimised as the second screening to narrow down 20 candidate colonies from similar spectra patterns with six closest type strains. This step could distinguish bacteria at the species level with distance similarity scores ≥0.55 corresponding to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity ≥98.2%, suggesting that this is an effective technique to minimize isolates close to targeted type strains. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that two targeted strains and one strain related to the target had successfully been isolated, showing high similarities (99.5-100%) with the sequences from the DGGE bands, and that the other candidates were affiliated with three strains that were closely related to the target species. This study proposes a new method for systematic feedback isolation that may be useful for isolating targeted strains from MCS for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Poudel
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Department of Microbiology, National College, Affiliated to Tribhuvan University, NIST-Higher Education Program, Khusibu, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, P.O. Box: 8659, Nepal
| | - Yukihiro Tashiro
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Laboratory of Microbial Environmental Protection, Tropical Microbiology Unit, Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hirokuni Miyamoto
- Japan Eco-Science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd., 11-2 Shiomigaokacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0034, Japan; Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology, Keio School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Sermas Co. Ltd., Ichikawa Minami 2-8-8, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0033, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Okugawa
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Laboratory of Microbial Environmental Protection, Tropical Microbiology Unit, Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haldar L, Gandhi DN. Effect of oral administration of Bacillus coagulans B37 and Bacillus pumilus B9 strains on fecal coliforms, Lactobacillus and Bacillus spp. in rat animal model. Vet World 2016; 9:766-72. [PMID: 27536040 PMCID: PMC4983130 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.766-772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of oral administration of two Bacillus strains on fecal coliforms, Lactobacillus and Bacillus spp. in rat animal model. Materials and Methods: An in vivo experiment was conducted for 49-day period on 36 adult male albino Wister rats divided equally into to four groups. After 7-day adaptation period, one group (T1) was fed on sterile skim milk along with basal diet for the next 28 days. Second (T2) and (T3) groups received spore biomass of Bacillus coagulans B37 and Bacillus pumilus B9, respectively, suspended in sterilized skim milk at 8-9 log colony-forming units/ml plus basal diet for 28 days, while control group (T4) was supplied with clean water along with basal diet. There was a 14-day post-treatment period. A total of 288 fecal samples (8 fecal collections per rat) were collected at every 7-day interval starting from 0 to 49 days and subjected to the enumeration of the counts of coliforms and lactobacilli and Bacillus spores using respective agar media. In vitro acid and bile tolerance tests on both the strains were performed. Results: The rats those (T2 and T3) received either B. coagulans B37 or B. pumilus B9 spore along with non-fermented skim milk showed decrease (p<0.01) in fecal coliform counts and increase (p<0.05) in both fecal lactobacilli and Bacillus spore counts as compared to the control group (T4) and the group fed only skim milk (T1). In vitro study indicated that both the strains were found to survive at pH 2.0 and 3.0 even up to 3 h and tolerate bile up to 2.0% concentration even after 12 h of exposure. Conclusions: This study revealed that oral administration of either B. coagulans B37 or B. pumilus B9 strains might be useful in reducing coliform counts accompanied by concurrent increase in lactobacilli counts in the intestinal flora in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Haldar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, ICFAI University, Kamalghat - 799 210, Tripura, India
| | - D N Gandhi
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khatri I, Sharma S, Ramya TNC, Subramanian S. Complete Genomes of Bacillus coagulans S-lac and Bacillus subtilis TO-A JPC, Two Phylogenetically Distinct Probiotics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156745. [PMID: 27258038 PMCID: PMC4892684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several spore-forming strains of Bacillus are marketed as probiotics due to their ability to survive harsh gastrointestinal conditions and confer health benefits to the host. We report the complete genomes of two commercially available probiotics, Bacillus coagulans S-lac and Bacillus subtilis TO-A JPC, and compare them with the genomes of other Bacillus and Lactobacillus. The taxonomic position of both organisms was established with a maximum-likelihood tree based on twenty six housekeeping proteins. Analysis of all probiotic strains of Bacillus and Lactobacillus reveal that the essential sporulation proteins are conserved in all Bacillus probiotic strains while they are absent in Lactobacillus spp. We identified various antibiotic resistance, stress-related, and adhesion-related domains in these organisms, which likely provide support in exerting probiotic action by enabling adhesion to host epithelial cells and survival during antibiotic treatment and harsh conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Khatri
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shailza Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - T. N. C. Ramya
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Poudel P, Tashiro Y, Sakai K. New application of Bacillus strains for optically pure l-lactic acid production: general overview and future prospects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:642-54. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1095069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Members of the genus Bacillus are considered to be both, among the best studied and most commonly used bacteria as well as the most still unexplored and the most wide-applicable potent bacteria because novel Bacillus strains are continuously being isolated and used in various areas. Production of optically pure l-lactic acid (l-LA), a feedstock for bioplastic synthesis, from renewable resources has recently attracted attention as a valuable application of Bacillus strains. l-LA fermentation by other producers, including lactic acid bacteria and Rhizopus strains (fungi) has already been addressed in several reviews. However, despite the advantages of l-LA fermentation by Bacillus strains, including its high growth rate, utilization of various carbon sources, tolerance to high temperature, and growth in simple nutritional conditions, it has not been reviewed. This review article discusses new findings on LA-producing Bacillus strains and compares them to other producers. The future prospects for LA-producing Bacillus strains are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Poudel
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tashiro
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Environmental Protection, Tropical Microbiology Unit, Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbial Environmental Protection, Tropical Microbiology Unit, Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Evaluation of genetic and phenotypic consistency of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856: a commercial probiotic strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:60. [PMID: 26925622 PMCID: PMC4771827 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Commercial probiotics preparation containing Bacillus coagulans have been sold in the market for several decades. Due to its high intra-species genomic diversity, it is very likely that B. coagulans strain may alter in different ways over multiple years of production. Therefore, the present study focuses to evaluate the genetic consistency and probiotic potential of B. coagulans MTCC 5856. Phenotypic and genotypic techniques including biochemical profiling, 16S rRNA sequencing, GTG 5″, BOX PCR fingerprinting, and Multi-Locus-Sequence typing (MLST) were carried out to evaluate the identity and consistency of the B. coagulans MTCC 5856. Further, in vitro probiotic potential, safety and stability at ambient temperature conditions of B. coagulans MTCC 5856 were evaluated. All the samples were identified as B. coagulans by biochemical profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing. GTG 5″, BOX PCR fingerprints and MLST studies revealed that the same strain was present over 3 years of commercial production. B. coagulans MTCC 5856 showed resistance to gastric acid, bile salt and exhibited antimicrobial activity in in-vitro studies. Additionally, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was found to be non-mutagenic, non-cytotoxic, negative for enterotoxin genes and stable at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) for 36 months. The data of the study verified that the same strain of B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was present in commercial preparation over multiple years of production.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gandolfi S, Pistone L, Ottolina G, Xu P, Riva S. Hemp hurds biorefining: A path to green L-(+)-lactic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 191:59-65. [PMID: 25983223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugars streams generated by organosolv pretreatment of hemp hurds, cellulose (C6) and hemicellulose (C5) fractions, were fermented to lactic acid (LA) by Bacillus coagulans strains XZL4 and DSM1. Pretreatment conditions and enzymatic hydrolysis were optimized and B. coagulans aptness to use lignocellulosic-derived sugars as a carbon source was evaluated. Methanolic organosolv pretreatment with 2.5% (w/w) H2SO4 gave the best results in terms of glucan recovery (98%), enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass (70%) and hemicellulosic sugars recovery (61%). C6 and C5 sugars fermentation by strain XZL4 gave, high LA yields (0.90 and 0.84 g/g), high titers (141 and 109 g/L), and high enantiomeric excess (>99%). Overall, 42 g of l-LA were obtained from 100 g of raw hemp hurds. These results can be considered promising for lignocellulosic feedstock valorization toward the production of polymer-grade LA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gandolfi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Consiglio Nazioneale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy; The Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM CNR, Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucia Pistone
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Consiglio Nazioneale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy; The Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ottolina
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Consiglio Nazioneale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy; The Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Ping Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), Consiglio Nazioneale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy; The Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM CNR, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zimmermann M, Longhi DA, Schaffner DW, Aragão GMF. PredictingBacillus coagulansSpores Inactivation in Tomato Pulp under Nonisothermal Heat Treatments. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M935-40. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Zimmermann
- Dept. of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal Univ. of Santa Catarina-UFSC; Florianópolis/SC Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Longhi
- Dept. of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal Univ. of Santa Catarina-UFSC; Florianópolis/SC Brazil
| | | | - Gláucia M. F. Aragão
- Dept. of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal Univ. of Santa Catarina-UFSC; Florianópolis/SC Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khanal SN, Anand S, Muthukumarappan K, Huegli M. Inactivation of thermoduric aerobic sporeformers in milk by ultrasonication. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
37
|
Su F, Xu P. Genomic analysis of thermophilic Bacillus coagulans strains: efficient producers for platform bio-chemicals. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3926. [PMID: 24473268 PMCID: PMC3905273 DOI: 10.1038/srep03926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial strains with high substrate efficiency and excellent environmental tolerance are urgently needed for the production of platform bio-chemicals. Bacillus coagulans has these merits; however, little genetic information is available about this species. Here, we determined the genome sequences of five B. coagulans strains, and used a comparative genomic approach to reconstruct the central carbon metabolism of this species to explain their fermentation features. A novel xylose isomerase in the xylose utilization pathway was identified in these strains. Based on a genome-wide positive selection scan, the selection pressure on amino acid metabolism may have played a significant role in the thermal adaptation. We also researched the immune systems of B. coagulans strains, which provide them with acquired resistance to phages and mobile genetic elements. Our genomic analysis provides comprehensive insights into the genetic characteristics of B. coagulans and paves the way for improving and extending the uses of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Modeling the inactivation kinetics of Bacillus coagulans spores in tomato pulp from the combined effect of high pressure and moderate temperature. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
39
|
Genome sequence of the thermophile Bacillus coagulans Hammer, the type strain of the species. J Bacteriol 2013; 194:6294-5. [PMID: 23105047 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01380-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we announce a 3.0-Mb assembly of the Bacillus coagulans Hammer strain, which is the type strain of the species within the genus Bacillus. Genomic analyses based on the sequence may provide insights into the phylogeny of the species and help to elucidate characteristics of the poorly studied strains of Bacillus coagulans.
Collapse
|
40
|
HABERBECK LETÍCIAUNGARETTI, DANNENHAUER CRISTIANO, SALOMÃO BEATRIZDECÁSSIAMARTINS, DE ARAGÃO GLAUCIAMARIAFALCÃO. ESTIMATION OF THE THERMOCHEMICAL NONISOTHERMAL INACTIVATION BEHAVIOR OF BACILLUS COAGULANS
SPORES IN NUTRIENT BROTH WITH OREGANO ESSENTIAL OIL. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2012.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Haberbeck LU, Alberto da Silva Riehl C, de Cássia Martins Salomão B, Falcão de Aragão GM. Bacillus coagulans spore inactivation through the application of oregano essential oil and heat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
42
|
Rhee MS, Moritz BE, Xie G, Glavina del Rio T, Dalin E, Tice H, Bruce D, Goodwin L, Chertkov O, Brettin T, Han C, Detter C, Pitluck S, Land ML, Patel M, Ou M, Harbrucker R, Ingram LO, Shanmugam KT. Complete Genome Sequence of a thermotolerant sporogenic lactic acid bacterium, Bacillus coagulans strain 36D1. Stand Genomic Sci 2011; 5:331-40. [PMID: 22675583 PMCID: PMC3368420 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.2365342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans is a ubiquitous soil bacterium that grows at 50-55 °C and pH 5.0 and ferments various sugars that constitute plant biomass to L (+)-lactic acid. The ability of this sporogenic lactic acid bacterium to grow at 50-55 °C and pH 5.0 makes this organism an attractive microbial biocatalyst for production of optically pure lactic acid at industrial scale not only from glucose derived from cellulose but also from xylose, a major constituent of hemicellulose. This bacterium is also considered as a potential probiotic. Complete genome sequence of a representative strain, B. coagulans strain 36D1, is presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mun Su Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brélan E. Moritz
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary Xie
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | - E. Dalin
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - H. Tice
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - D. Bruce
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - L. Goodwin
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - O. Chertkov
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - T. Brettin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - C. Han
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - C. Detter
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - S. Pitluck
- Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | - Milind Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark Ou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roberta Harbrucker
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lonnie O. Ingram
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K. T. Shanmugam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Production and structural characterization of surfactin (C14/Leu7) produced by Bacillus subtilis isolate LSFM-05 grown on raw glycerol from the biodiesel industry. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
44
|
Endres J, Qureshi I, Farber T, Hauswirth J, Hirka G, Pasics I, Schauss A. One-year chronic oral toxicity with combined reproduction toxicity study of a novel probiotic, Bacillus coagulans, as a food ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
45
|
Maughan H, Van der Auwera G. Bacillus taxonomy in the genomic era finds phenotypes to be essential though often misleading. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:789-97. [PMID: 21334463 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus is a diverse bacterial genus characterized by cells growing aerobically and forming dormant endospores. Although Bacillus species were some of the first bacteria ever characterized, their relationships to one another remain enigmatic. The recent deluge of environmental sequencing projects has further complicated our view of Bacillus taxonomy and diversity. In this review we discuss the current state of Bacillus taxonomy and focus on two examples that highlight the ecological diversity found within identical 16S rDNA-based clusters: the identification of ecologically distinct clusters of B. simplex in Evolution Canyons and the demarcation of species in the industrially and medically important B. cereus group. These examples highlight the difficulties of purely 16S rDNA-based taxonomy, emphasizing the need to interpret the massive amounts of molecular data from environmental sequencing projects in a bacterial ecology framework. Such interpretations are likely to reveal ecological diversity within Bacillus that extends beyond that previously imaginable, providing a true picture of Bacillus ecology and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Maughan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3B2.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Burgess SA, Lindsay D, Flint SH. Thermophilic bacilli and their importance in dairy processing. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 144:215-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
47
|
Su Y, Rhee MS, Ingram LO, Shanmugam KT. Physiological and fermentation properties of Bacillus coagulans and a mutant lacking fermentative lactate dehydrogenase activity. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:441-50. [PMID: 20677017 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans, a sporogenic lactic acid bacterium, grows optimally at 50-55 °C and produces lactic acid as the primary fermentation product from both hexoses and pentoses. The amount of fungal cellulases required for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 55 °C was previously reported to be three to four times lower than for SSF at the optimum growth temperature for Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 35 °C. An ethanologenic B. coagulans is expected to lower the cellulase loading and production cost of cellulosic ethanol due to SSF at 55 °C. As a first step towards developing B. coagulans as an ethanologenic microbial biocatalyst, activity of the primary fermentation enzyme L-lactate dehydrogenase was removed by mutation (strain Suy27). Strain Suy27 produced ethanol as the main fermentation product from glucose during growth at pH 7.0 (0.33 g ethanol per g glucose fermented). Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) acting in series contributed to about 55% of the ethanol produced by this mutant while pyruvate formate lyase and ADH were responsible for the remainder. Due to the absence of PDH activity in B. coagulans during fermentative growth at pH 5.0, the l-ldh mutant failed to grow anaerobically at pH 5.0. Strain Suy27-13, a derivative of the l-ldh mutant strain Suy27, that produced PDH activity during anaerobic growth at pH 5.0 grew at this pH and also produced ethanol as the fermentation product (0.39 g per g glucose). These results show that construction of an ethanologenic B. coagulans requires optimal expression of PDH activity in addition to the removal of the LDH activity to support growth and ethanol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Genetic tool development for a new host for biotechnology, the thermotolerant bacterium Bacillus coagulans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4085-8. [PMID: 20400555 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03060-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans has good potential as an industrial production organism for platform chemicals from renewable resources but has limited genetic tools available. Here, we present a targeted gene disruption system using the Cre-lox system, development of a LacZ reporter assay for monitoring gene transcription, and heterologous d-lactate dehydrogenase expression.
Collapse
|
49
|
Martínez Viedma P, Ercolini D, Ferrocino I, Abriouel H, Ben Omar N, López RL, Gálvez A. Effect of polythene film activated with enterocin EJ97 in combination with EDTA against Bacillus coagulans. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
50
|
Administration of Bacillus coagulans in calves: recovery from faecal samples and evaluation of functional aspects of spores. Vet Res Commun 2009; 33:991-1001. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|