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Chen Y, Fu W, Xiao H, Zhai Y, Luo Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li Q, Huang J. A Review on Rhizosphere Microbiota of Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis L): Recent Insights and Future Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19165-19188. [PMID: 38019642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial colonization of the tea plant provides many beneficial functions for the host, But the factors that influence the composition of these rhizosphere microbes and their functions are still unknown. In order to explore the interaction between tea plants and rhizosphere microorganisms, we summarized the current studies. First, the review integrated the known rhizosphere microbial communities of tea tree, including bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Then, various factors affecting tea rhizosphere microorganisms were studied, including: endogenous factors, environmental factors, and agronomic practices. Finally, the functions of rhizosphere microorganisms were analyzed, including (a) promoting the growth and quality of tea trees, (b) alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses, and (c) improving soil fertility. Finally, we highlight the gaps in knowledge of tea rhizosphere microorganisms and the future direction of development. In summary, understanding rhizosphere microbial interactions with tea plants is key to promoting the growth, development, and sustainable productivity of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yuke Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 3100058, P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 3100058, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
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Shen Q, Zhang K, Voroney P, Meng L, Xu J, Brookes P. Biodiesel Co-Product enhances microbial stability and beneficial microbial communities along a gradient of soil water content. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159204. [PMID: 36198351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel Co-Product (BCP) is a complex carbonaceous liquid formed during the commercial production of biodiesel. Previously, BCP was shown to decrease nitrogen (N) leaching from the soil, but the effects of BCP on the diversity, composition, and structure of soil microbial communities are not well understood. Here, we applied 1.5 mg BCP-C to acidic soil (pH 3.5) at a range of different water contents (from 40 % to 100 % water holding capacity) to investigate the interactions between BCP and increasing water holding capacity on the diversity, composition, and interactions of soil microbial communities. Distance-based multivariate linear model (DistLM) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses showed that BCP caused larger changes in fungal than bacterial communities, while soil water content had a greater effect on bacterial communities relative to fungal communities. Co-occurrence network analyses indicated that BCP amendment produced more robust and complex bacterial networks and more stable fungal ones. BCP significantly increased the OTU numbers of beneficial microbes (e.g., Trichoderma spp.) in all water contents, with fewer OTU numbers of putative pathogenetic species (Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp.). These findings indicate that BCP addition may be conducive to the health and stability of soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunli Shen
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA; Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Paul Voroney
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Philip Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Bora P, Chandra Bora L, Bhuyan R, Hashem A, Fathi Abd-Allah E. Bioagent consortia assisted suppression in grey blight disease with enhanced leaf nutrients and biochemical properties of tea (Camellia sinensis). BIOLOGICAL CONTROL 2022; 170:104907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Paecilomyces and Its Importance in the Biological Control of Agricultural Pests and Diseases. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121746. [PMID: 33321854 PMCID: PMC7763231 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Numerous microorganisms have been described in the literature as biological control agents for pests and diseases, although some have not yet been commercialised due to their lack of viability or efficacy in different crops. Paecilomyces is a cosmopolitan fungus that is mainly known for its nematophagous capacity, but it has also been reported as an insect parasite and biological control agent of several fungi and phytopathogenic bacteria through different mechanisms of action. In addition, species of this genus have recently been described as biostimulants of plant growth and crop yield. This review includes all the information on the genus Paecilomyces as a biological control agent for pests and diseases. Its growth rate and high spore production rate in numerous substrates ensures the production of viable, affordable, and efficient commercial formulations for agricultural use.
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Isolation and Characterization of Dominant Fungi from Rhizospheric Soil of Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew. (Brahma Kamal) of the Indian Himalayan Region. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Enzymatic gene expression by Pleurotus tuoliensis (Bailinggu): differential regulation under low temperature induction conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:160. [PMID: 30341455 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus tuoliensis is a valuable, rare and edible mushroom that is been commercially cultivated and is rapidly developing in China markets. Low temperatures are required to induces primordia initiation for the successful production of fruiting bodies (basidiomes) during commercial cultivation. In this work, we investigated the enzymatic activities and performed transcription profiling analysis of enzymatic genes under different low temperature conditions. The results suggest that the enzymatic activities and transcription levels decrease or increase significantly at 4 and 13 °C. Lacc10 and mnp6 seems to play a dominant role during nutrition growth. Furthermore, the expression of laccase and peroxidase genes was highly correlated to the detected extracellular enzymatic activity. Cold stress genes expression profiles were upregulated under 4 °C/13 °C (3 days), while only the Hsp70 gene was downregulated (at the stage of fruiting bodies production) at 13 °C (12 days). Our results showed that the transcriptional regulation of laccase and ligninolytic peroxidase genes plays an important role in the fruiting bodies of Bailinggu under low temperature induction (4 °C). Induction at low temperatures was a highly important cultivation condition in Bailinggu.
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Pandey A, Dhakar K, Jain R, Pandey N, Gupta VK, Kooliyottil R, Dhyani A, Malviya MK, Adhikari P. Cold Adapted Fungi from Indian Himalaya: Untapped Source for Bioprospecting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-018-1002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Pandey N, Jain R, Pandey A, Tamta S. Optimisation and characterisation of the orange pigment produced by a cold adapted strain of Penicillium sp. (GBPI_P155) isolated from mountain ecosystem. Mycology 2018; 9:81-92. [PMID: 30123664 PMCID: PMC6059051 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2017.1423127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With globalisation and growing health risks of synthetic colourants, search for pigments from natural sources has increased owing to their non-toxic nature. The present study highlights the bioprospection of natural pigment from a cold adapted fungal strain of Penicillium sp. (GBPI_P155), isolated from soil of Indian Himalayan region. The fungus produced insoluble and orange-coloured pigment in liquid medium with maximum production recorded in potato dextrose (PD) broth at 15°C and 3 pH, while maximum biomass was produced at 25°C and pH 3. While examining the effect of different mineral salts, and carbon and nitrogen sources on pigment production, maximum accumulation of pigment was recorded in PD broth supplemented with 2% maltose. Following production, extraction of pigment was performed using chloroform and characterised partially by UV/vis (λmax at 495 nm and a shoulder peak at 530 nm) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Thin layer chromatography of chloroform extract resulted in separation of pigment in three fractions with Rf values 0.911, 0.852 and 0.808, which were further analysed using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). The overall approach resulted in identification of pigment as a mixture of different derivatives of carotenoids. The extracted pigment also possessed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pandey
- Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Biotechnological Applications, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sushma Tamta
- Department of Botany, DSB campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
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S.A. Z, A.M.M. S. Production of sorbitol by repeated batch fermentation using immobilized of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain (BAA-793) via Solid State Fermentation. FOOD RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Dhakar K, Pandey A. Wide pH range tolerance in extremophiles: towards understanding an important phenomenon for future biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2499-510. [PMID: 26780356 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms that inhabit the extreme pH environments are classified as acidophiles and alkaliphiles. A number of studies emerged from extreme high (hot springs, hydrothermal vents) as well as low temperature (arctic and antarctic regions, sea water, ice shelf, marine sediments, cold deserts, glaciers, temperate forests, and plantations) environments have highlighted the occurrence of microorganisms (thermophiles/psychrophiles) with the ability to tolerate wide pH range, from acidic to alkaline (1.5-14.0 in some cases), under laboratory conditions. However, the sampling source (soil/sediment) of these microorganisms showed the pH to be neutral or slightly acidic/alkaline. The aim of the present review is to discuss the phenomenon of wide pH range tolerance possessed by these microorganisms as a hidden character in perspective of their habitats, possible mechanisms, phylogeny, ecological and biotechnological relevance, and future perspectives. It is believed that the genome is a probable reservoir of the hidden variations. The extremophiles have the ability to adapt against the environmental change that is probably through the expression/regulation of the specific genes that were already present in the genome. The phenomenon is likely to have broad implications in biotechnology, including both environmental (such as bioremediation, biodegradation, and biocontrol), and industrial applications (as a source of novel extremozymes and many other useful bioactive compounds with wide pH range tolerance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Dhakar
- Biotechnological Applications, G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Biotechnological Applications, G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643, Uttarakhand, India.
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Kibblewhite MG, Prakash S, Hazarika M, Burgess PJ, Sakrabani R. Managing declining yields from ageing tea plantations. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1477-1481. [PMID: 24464583 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Strong growth in the demand for tea requires further increases in the productivity of plantations. Declining or stagnant yields are commonly observed in older plantations. Possible controlling factors for yield decline are reviewed including ageing of plants, chronic disease and sub-optimal soil conditions such as excess soil acidity and low soil organic matter. Management options for addressing these factors are evaluated, including replanting. A systematic approach to decision-making about replanting is presented. Practice for replanting is reviewed and it is concluded that evidence to support a general case for replanting is limited, unless based on the introduction of more productive clones and/or better plant spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Kibblewhite
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
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Prolonged Laccase Production by a Cold and pH Tolerant Strain of Penicillium pinophilum (MCC 1049) Isolated from a Low Temperature Environment. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:120708. [PMID: 24734172 PMCID: PMC3966355 DOI: 10.1155/2014/120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of laccase by a cold and pH tolerant strain of Penicillium pinophilum has been investigated under different cultural conditions for up to 35 days of incubation. The fungus was originally isolated from a low temperature environment under mountain ecosystem of Indian Himalaya. The estimations were conducted at 3 temperatures (15, 25, and 35°C), a range of pH (3.5-11.5), and in presence of supplements including carbon and nitrogen sources, vitamins, and antibiotics. Optimum production of laccase was recorded at 25°C (optimum temperature for fungal growth) and 7.5 pH. The production of enzyme was recorded maximum on day 28 (11.6 ± 0.52 U/L) following a slow decline at day 35 of incubation (10.6 ± 0.80 U/L). Fructose and potassium nitrate (0.2%) among nutritional supplements, chloramphenicol (0.1%) among antibiotics, and folic acid (0.1%) among vitamins were found to be the best enhancers for production of laccase. Relatively lower but consistent production of laccase for a longer period is likely to be an ecologically important phenomenon under low temperature environment. Further, enhancement in production of enzyme using various supplements will be useful for its use in specific biotechnological applications.
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Cold, pH and salt tolerant Penicillium spp. inhabit the high altitude soils in Himalaya, India. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:1315-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Microbial Diversity in Soil under Potato Cultivation from Cold Desert Himalaya, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/767453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mana village (Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India), situated in high altitudes (3,238 m above mean sea level) of Indian Himalayan region, represents cold desert climatic conditions. At Mana, potato is grown from May to September, while the site remains snow clad for approximately six months (from October to April). Soil samples, collected from Mana potato fields, were analyzed for cultivable microbial diversity along with the chemical and enzymatic properties. The analysis revealed colonization of soil by microflora in moderate numbers (up to 107 CFU/g soil) with limited species level. 25 morphologically distinct microbial isolates belonging to Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi including yeast were isolated. The bacteria were tentatively identified as species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, while the majority of the fungal isolates belonged to the species of Penicillium. These microbial isolates possessed plant growth promotion and biocontrol properties assessed mainly in terms of production of indole acetic acid and hydrolytic enzymes and phosphate solubilization. The soil, when used as “inoculum” in plant based bioassays, exhibited positive influence on plant growth related parameters. The limited diversity of cold tolerant microbial species also extends opportunity to understand the resilience possessed by these organisms under low temperature environment.
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Geobacillus stearothermophilus (GBPI_16): A Resilient Hyperthermophile Isolated From an Autoclaved Sediment Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-013-0210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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16
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Laccase Production from a Temperature and pH Tolerant Fungal Strain of Trametes hirsuta (MTCC 11397). Enzyme Res 2013; 2013:869062. [PMID: 23710343 PMCID: PMC3655567 DOI: 10.1155/2013/869062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase production by a temperature and pH tolerant fungal strain (GBPI-CDF-03) isolated from a glacial site in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) has been investigated. The fungus developed white cottony mass on potato dextrose agar and revealed thread-like mycelium under microscope. ITS region analysis of fungus showed its 100% similarity with Trametes hirsuta. The fungus tolerated temperature from 4 to 48°C ± 2 (25°C opt.) and pH 3-13 (5-7 opt.). Molecular weight of laccase was determined approximately 45 kDa by native PAGE. Amplification of laccase gene fragment (corresponding to the copper-binding conserved domain) contained 200 bp. The optimum pH for laccase production, at optimum growth temperature, was determined between 5.5 and 7.5. In optimization experiments, fructose and ammonium sulfate were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for enhancing the laccase production. Production of laccase was favored by high carbon/nitrogen ratio. Addition of CuSO4 (up to 1.0 mM) induced laccase production up to 2-fold, in case of 0.4 mM concentration. Addition of organic solvents also induced the production of laccase; acetone showed the highest (2-fold) induction. The study has implications in bioprospecting of ecologically resilient microbial strains.
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Rinu K, Sati P, Pandey A. Trichoderma gamsii (NFCCI 2177): a newly isolated endophytic, psychrotolerant, plant growth promoting, and antagonistic fungal strain. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:408-17. [PMID: 23564225 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic fungus has been isolated from the lateral roots of lentil (Lens esculenta Moench), growing under mountain ecosystem of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). While the fungus was observed as fast growing with white scanty mycelium turning to turmeric brown in 5 days of incubation at 25 °C, it also produced a unique odor. The fungus exhibited growth between 4 and 30 °C (optimum 25 °C) and tolerated pH between 2.0 and 13.5 (optimum 4-6). Based on phenotypic (colony morphology and microscopy) and genotypic (18S rRNA analysis) characters, the fungus was identified as Trichoderma gamsii (99% similarity). The fungus was evaluated for its plant growth promotion and biocontrol properties. The fungus was found to be positive for phosphate solubilization, chitinase activity, and production of ammonia and salicylic acid, while the results for production of IAA, HCN, and siderophores were negative. Out of the seven phytopathogenic fungi tested, it showed antagonism against six. Bioassays conducted under green house using four test crops (two cereals and two legumes) showed its potential in plant growth promotion. The fungus has potential to be developed as a bioformulation for application under mountain ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rinu
- G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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Comparative analysis of antimicrobial activities of valinomycin and cereulide, the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2755-62. [PMID: 21357430 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02671-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereulide and valinomycin are highly similar cyclic dodecadepsipeptides with potassium ionophoric properties. Cereulide, produced by members of the Bacillus cereus group, is known mostly as emetic toxin, and no ecological function has been assigned. A comparative analysis of the antimicrobial activity of valinomycin produced by Streptomyces spp. and cereulide was performed at a pH range of pH 5.5 to pH 9.5, under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Both compounds display pH-dependent activity against selected Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987. Notably, B. cereus strain ATCC 14579 and the emetic B. cereus strains F4810/72 and A529 showed reduced sensitivity to both compounds, with the latter two strains displaying full resistance to cereulide. Both compounds showed no activity against the selected Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria was highest at alkaline pH values, where the membrane potential (ΔΨ) is the main component of the proton motive force (PMF). Furthermore, inhibition of growth was observed in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Determination of the ΔΨ, using the membrane potential probe DiOC(2)(3) (in the presence of 50 mM KCl) in combination with flow cytometry, demonstrated for the first time the ability of cereulide to dissipate the ΔΨ in sensitive Gram-positive bacteria. The putative role of cereulide production in the ecology of emetic B. cereus is discussed.
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Nunes da Rocha U, Van Overbeek L, Van Elsas JD. Exploration of hitherto-uncultured bacteria from the rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 69:313-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Pandey A, Ghildiyal A. Isolation of Cold Tolerant Antifungal Strains of Trichoderma sp. From Glacial Sites of Indian Himalayan Region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2008.559.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu lato, the species group comprising Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus thuringiensis and B. cereus (sensu stricto), has previously been scrutinized regarding interspecies genetic correlation and pathogenic characteristics. So far, little attention has been paid to analysing the biological and ecological properties of the three species in their natural environments. In this review, we describe the B. cereus sensu lato living in a world on its own; all B. cereus sensu lato can grow saprophytically under nutrient-rich conditions, which are only occasionally found in the environment, except where nutrients are actively collected. As such, members of the B. cereus group have recently been discovered as common inhabitants of the invertebrate gut. We speculate that all members disclose symbiotic relationships with appropriate invertebrate hosts and only occasionally enter a pathogenic life cycle in which the individual species infects suitable hosts and multiplies almost unrestrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Jensen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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