1
|
Lessigiarska I, Peng Y, Tsakovska I, Alov P, Lagarde N, Jereva D, Villoutreix BO, Nicot AB, Pajeva I, Pencheva T, Miteva MA. Computational Analysis of Chemical Space of Natural Compounds Interacting with Sulfotransferases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216360. [PMID: 34770768 PMCID: PMC8588419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical space and interactions of natural compounds with sulfotransferases (SULTs) using ligand- and structure-based in silico methods. An in-house library of natural ligands (hormones, neurotransmitters, plant-derived compounds and their metabolites) reported to interact with SULTs was created. Their chemical structures and properties were compared to those of compounds of non-natural (synthetic) origin, known to interact with SULTs. The natural ligands interacting with SULTs were further compared to other natural products for which interactions with SULTs were not known. Various descriptors of the molecular structures were calculated and analyzed. Statistical methods (ANOVA, PCA, and clustering) were used to explore the chemical space of the studied compounds. Similarity search between the compounds in the different groups was performed with the ROCS software. The interactions with SULTs were additionally analyzed by docking into different experimental and modeled conformations of SULT1A1. Natural products with potentially strong interactions with SULTs were outlined. Our results contribute to a better understanding of chemical space and interactions of natural compounds with SULT enzymes and help to outline new potential ligands of these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iglika Lessigiarska
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.L.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (D.J.); (I.P.)
| | - Yunhui Peng
- INSERM U1268 “Medicinal Chemistry and Translational Research”, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS—Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.L.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (D.J.); (I.P.)
| | - Petko Alov
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.L.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (D.J.); (I.P.)
| | - Nathalie Lagarde
- Laboratoire GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 Rue Conté, Hésam Université, 75003 Paris, France;
| | - Dessislava Jereva
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.L.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (D.J.); (I.P.)
| | | | - Arnaud B. Nicot
- INSERM, Nantes Université, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.L.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (D.J.); (I.P.)
| | - Tania Pencheva
- Department of QSAR and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.L.); (I.T.); (P.A.); (D.J.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Maria A. Miteva
- INSERM U1268 “Medicinal Chemistry and Translational Research”, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS—Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (M.A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Genus Calophyllum: Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7191991 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1394-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The species of genus Calophyllum have been reported for several ethnomedicinal uses in the traditional systems of medicine. The scientific study of the genus Calophyllum revealed that it is a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. These phytochemicals have shown a wide range of biological activities. Some of these have reached to the clinical developmental stage. The Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil has been proved to be an acceptable sustainable source of biodiesel. Few species of the genus are endangered and have been included in the red list of threatened species by the IUCN Red List. Owing to the importance of the genus a review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology has been carried out. It will further help to explore the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals for health benefits.
Collapse
|
3
|
Umre R, Ganeshpurkar A, Ganeshpurkar A, Pandey S, Pandey V, Shrivastava A, Dubey N. In vitro, in vivo and in silico antiulcer activity of ferulic acid. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
4
|
Tian X, Wang C, Dong P, An Y, Zhao X, Jiang W, Wang G, Hou J, Feng L, Wang Y, Ge G, Huo X, Ning J, Ma X. Arenobufagin is a novel isoform-specific probe for sensing human sulfotransferase 2A1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:784-794. [PMID: 30245965 PMCID: PMC6146385 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytosolic sulfotransferase 2A1 (SULT2A1) is an important phase II metabolic enzyme. The detection of SULT2A1 is helpful for the functional characterization of SULT2A1 and diagnosis of its related diseases. However, due to the overlapping substrate specificity among members of the sulfotransferase family, it is difficult to develop a probe substrate for selective detection of SULT2A1. In the present study, through characterization of the sulfation of series of bufadienolides, arenobufagin (AB) was proved as a potential probe substrate for SULT2A1 with high sensitivity and specificity. Subsequently, the sulfation of AB was characterized by experimental and molecular docking studies. The sulfate-conjugated metabolite was identified as AB-3-sulfate. The sulfation of AB displayed a high selectivity for SULT2A1 which was confirmed by in vitro reaction phenotyping assays. The sulfation of AB by human liver cytosols and recombinant SULT2A1 both obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with similar kinetic parameters. Molecular docking was performed to understand the interaction between AB and SULT2A1, in which the lack of interaction with Met-137 and Tyr-238 of SULT2A1 made it possible to eliminate substrate inhibition of AB sulfation. Finally, the probe was successfully used to determine the activity of SULT2A1 and its isoenzymes in tissue preparations of human and laboratory animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangge Tian
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Peipei Dong
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yue An
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Weiru Jiang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Corresponding author at: College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China. Tel./fax: +86 411 86110419.
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medical Science, Second Affliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Corresponding author at: College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China. Tel./fax: +86 411 86110419.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
García-Niño W, Estrada-Muñiz E, Valverde M, Reyes-Chilpa R, Vega L. Cytogenetic effects of Jacareubin from Calophyllum brasiliense on human peripheral blood mononucleated cells in vitro and on mouse polychromatic erythrocytes in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 335:6-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
6
|
Lemos LMS, Miyajima F, Castilho GRC, Martins DTO, Pritchard DM, Burkitt MD. Hexane Extracts of Calophyllum brasiliense Inhibit the Development of Gastric Preneoplasia in Helicobacter felis Infected INS-Gas Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:92. [PMID: 28289390 PMCID: PMC5326747 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Indigenous Latin American populations have used extracts from Calophyllum brasiliense, a native hardwood, to treat gastrointestinal symptoms for generations. The hexane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark (HECb) protects against ethanol-mediated gastric ulceration in Swiss–Webster mice. We investigated whether HECb inhibits the development of gastric epithelial pathology following Helicobacter felis infection of INS-Gas mice. Materials and Methods: Groups of five male, 6-week-old INS-Gas mice were colonized with H. felis by gavage. From 2 weeks after colonization their drinking water was supplemented with 2% Tween20 (vehicle), low dose HECb (33 mg/L, lHECb) or high dose HECb (133 mg/L, hHECb). Equivalent uninfected groups were studied. Animals were culled 6 weeks after H. felis colonization. Preneoplastic pathology was quantified using established histological criteria. Gastric epithelial cell turnover was quantified by immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and active-caspase 3. Cytokines were quantified using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Results: Vehicle-treated H. felis infected mice exhibited higher gastric atrophy scores than similarly treated uninfected mice (mean atrophy score 5.6 ± 0.87 SEM vs. 2.2 ± 0.58, p < 0.01). The same pattern was observed following lHECb. Following hHECb treatment, H. felis status did not significantly alter atrophy scores. Gastric epithelial apoptosis was not altered by H. felis or HECb administration. Amongst vehicle-treated mice, gastric epithelial cell proliferation was increased 2.8-fold in infected compared to uninfected animals (p < 0.01). Administration of either lHECb or hHECb reduced proliferation in infected mice to levels similar to uninfected mice. A Th17 polarized response to H. felis infection was observed in all infected groups. hHECb attenuated IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF production following H. felis infection [70% (p < 0.01), 67% (p < 0.01), and 41% (p < 0.05) reduction vs. vehicle, respectively]. Conclusion: HECb modulates gastric epithelial pathology following H. felis infection of INS-Gas mice. Further studies are indicated to confirm the mechanisms underlying these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M S Lemos
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK; Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Federal University of Mato GrossoMato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Fabio Miyajima
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK; Group of Neuropharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of CearáFortaleza, Brazil
| | - Geovane R C Castilho
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - D Mark Pritchard
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gómez-Verjan J, Rodríguez-Hernández K, Reyes-Chilpa R. Bioactive Coumarins and Xanthones From Calophyllum Genus and Analysis of Their Druglikeness and Toxicological Properties. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017; 53. [PMCID: PMC7152109 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63930-1.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Calophyllum spp. (Calophyllaceae) is a genus of tropical trees valued in the chemopharmacological industry as an important source of biogenetically related coumarins and xanthones, which can lead to the development of new drugs due to their relevant pharmacological activities and diversity of molecular structural. These compounds have relevant pharmacological activities, such as: cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (especially leukemia), parasites (Plasmodium, Leshmania, and Trypanosoma), retroviruses (e.g., HIV), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chemoinformatic and toxicoinformatic tools were used here to perform a computational analysis of 70 coumarins and 70 xanthones isolated from this genus in order to explore their potential as new drugs. Most coumarins from this genus possess similar patterns of druglikeness with differences in its physicochemical properties. Xanthones, on the other hand, show quite similar physicochemical properties and druglikeness. It is interesting to note that the vast majority of these compounds (57 coumarins and 59 xanthones) are in compliance with Lipinski´s Rule of Five. Remarkably, two xanthones (2-hydroxyxanthone and caledonixanthone-B) have leadlikeness potential that accordingly with chemoinformatic analysis may target MAO A and B, respectively, and therefore may exhibit antidepressant potential. These compounds also target tyrosine-phosphorilation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) which is over-expressed in a variety of hematological and brain cancers, therefore they could act as anticancer compounds. Several toxicological predictions were also depicted. Coumarins could be an irritant and may affect the reproductive system, while xanthones may have mutagenic results. To our knowledge, this is the first chemoinformatic report on the main active compounds of this genus and its potential for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Gómez-Verjan
- Department of Basic Research, National Institute of Geriatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - R. Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oliveira MC, Lemos LMS, de Oliveira RG, Dall'Oglio EL, de Sousa Júnior PT, de Oliveira Martins DT. Evaluation of toxicity of Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark extract by in vivo and in vitro assays. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:30-38. [PMID: 24933219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calophyllum brasiliense Camb., Clusiaceae, is commonly known as "guanandi" and its stem bark is used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat rheumatism, vein problems, hemorrhoids and gastric ulcers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of hexane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark (HECb) using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro toxicity was evaluated by Alamar Blue cytotoxicity assay and micronucleus test, using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-k1) epithelial cells. in vivo toxicity was evaluated by oral acute and subchronic toxicity assays. In the oral acute toxicity screening, a single dose of HECb was administered to mice at doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg/kg. In the subchronic study, HECb was administered orally for 30 days to Wistar rats at doses of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. Phytochemical analyses were performed by HPLC/UV-vis, secondary metabolites were quantified by spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS HECb presented IC50=119.94±4.31 µg/mL after a 24 h cytotoxicity test using CHO-k1 cells, showing low cytotoxicity. However, when the cells were exposed to HECb for 72 h, the IC50 value was 8.39±2.00 µg/mL, showing in this case, a pronounced cytotoxic effect. In the oral acute toxicity studies, doses up to 500 mg/kg of HECb did not cause any changes in both male and female mice. At 1000 mg/kg, male mice showed signs typical of depression and stimulation that were reversed at 72 h. Besides, female mice were more sensitive to the toxic effect of HECb at 1000 mg/kg, which initially presented typical agitation signals, followed by depression signals, leading to death of all the animals at 24h. In subchronic assay with rats, HECb administered orally at doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg did not cause significant changes in all clinical parameters evaluated. Histopathological analyses showed no deleterious effect in the vital organs of rats. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, steroids, and volatile coumarins. Analysis by HPLC showed two major peaks characteristic of chromanones. CONCLUSIONS In vitro toxicological tests showed that HECb exhibited cytotoxicity especially after 72 h of exposition, and mutagenicity on the highest tested dose. The in vivo studies demonstrated that HECb produced some toxicity signs at the highest dose tested, particularly, in the acute toxicity test but showed no significant signs of toxicity in the subchronic assay. Based on these and previous pharmacological studies, it is possible to say that HECb did not exhibit significant toxicity at its effective dose. This suggests that HECb is relatively safe in humans at its effective dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Canevari Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria Scalon Lemos
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Dall'Oglio
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Teixeira de Sousa Júnior
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ekuase EJ, Lehmler HJ, Robertson LW, Duffel MW. Binding interactions of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OHPCBs) with human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase hSULT2A1. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 212:56-64. [PMID: 24508592 PMCID: PMC3994546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental contaminants, and exposure to PCBs and their hydroxylated metabolites (OHPCBs) has been associated with various adverse health effects. The mammalian cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of OHPCBs, and the interaction of OHPCBs with both the SULT1 and SULT2 families of these enzymes has received attention both with respect to metabolic disposition of these molecules and the potential mechanisms for their roles in endocrine disruption. We have previously shown that OHPCBs interact with human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase hSULT2A1, an enzyme that catalyzes the sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), other alcohol-containing steroids, bile acids, and many xenobiotics. The objective of our current studies is to investigate the mechanism of inhibition of hSULT2A1 by OHPCBs by combining inhibition kinetics with determination of equilibrium binding constants and molecular modeling of potential interactions. Examination of the effects of fifteen OHPCBs on the sulfation of DHEA catalyzed by hSULT2A1 showed predominantly noncompetitive inhibition patterns. This was observed for OHPCBs that were substrates for sulfation reactions catalyzed by the enzyme as well as those that solely inhibited the sulfation of DHEA. Equilibrium binding experiments and molecular modeling studies indicated that the OHPCBs bind at the binding site for DHEA on the enzyme, and that the observed noncompetitive patterns of inhibition are consistent with binding in more than one orientation to more than one enzyme complex. These results have implications for the roles of SULTs in the toxicology of OHPCBs, while also providing molecular probes of the complexity of substrate/inhibitor interactions with hSULT2A1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edugie J Ekuase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Michael W Duffel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deskins CE, Vogler B, Dosoky NS, Chhetri BK, Haber WA, Setzer WN. Phytochemical Investigations of Lonchocarpus Bark Extracts from Monteverde, Costa Rica. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The acetone bark extracts of three species of Lonchocarpus from Monteverde, Costa Rica, L. atropurpureus, L. oliganthus, and L. monteviridis, were screened for antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. L. orotinus extract was antibacterial against Bacillus cereus (MIC = 39 μg/mL), while L. monteviridis exhibited the most antioxidant activity. None of the Lonchocarpus extracts showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells. Fatty acids and atraric acid were isolated and purified from L. atropurpureus bark, fatty acids and loliolide from L. oliganthus bark, and leonuriside A and β-D-glucopyranos-1-yl N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate from L. monteviridis bark. Atraric acid showed cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Deskins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Quincy University, Quincy, IL 62301, USA
| | - Bernhard Vogler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Noura S. Dosoky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Bhuwan K. Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | | | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Blanco-Ayala T, Lugo-Huitrón R, Serrano-López EM, Reyes-Chilpa R, Rangel-López E, Pineda B, Medina-Campos ON, Sánchez-Chapul L, Pinzón E, Cristina TS, Silva-Adaya D, Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Ríos C, de la Cruz VP, Torres-Ramos M. Antioxidant properties of xanthones from Calophyllum brasiliense: prevention of oxidative damage induced by FeSO₄. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:262. [PMID: 24119308 PMCID: PMC3852108 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators in a number of degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability to scavenge these species through endogenous antioxidant systems. Since antioxidants can inhibit oxidative processes, it becomes relevant to describe natural compounds with antioxidant properties which may be designed as therapies to decrease oxidative damage and stimulate endogenous cytoprotective systems. The present study tested the protective effect of two xanthones isolated from the heartwood of Calophyllum brasilienses against FeSO4-induced toxicity. Methods Through combinatory chemistry assays, we evaluated the superoxide (O2●—), hydroxyl radical (OH●), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO—) scavenging capacity of jacareubin (xanthone III) and 2-(3,3-dimethylallyl)-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (xanthone V). The effect of these xanthones on murine DNA and bovine serum albumin degradation induced by an OH• generator system was also evaluated. Additionally, we investigated the effect of these xanthones on ROS production, lipid peroxidation and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in FeSO4-exposed brain, liver and lung rat homogenates. Results Xanthone V exhibited a better scavenging capacity for O2●—, ONOO- and OH● than xanthone III, although both xanthones were unable to trap H2O2. Additionally, xanthones III and V prevented the albumin and DNA degradation induced by the OH● generator system. Lipid peroxidation and ROS production evoked by FeSO4 were decreased by both xanthones in all tissues tested. Xanthones III and V also prevented the GR activity depletion induced by pro-oxidant activity only in the brain. Conclusions Altogether, the collected evidence suggests that xanthones can play a role as potential agents to attenuate the oxidative damage produced by different pro-oxidants.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lemos LMS, Martins TB, Tanajura GH, Gazoni VF, Bonaldo J, Strada CL, Silva MGD, Dall'oglio EL, de Sousa Júnior PT, Martins DTDO. Evaluation of antiulcer activity of chromanone fraction from Calophyllum brasiliesnse Camb. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:432-439. [PMID: 22425905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Clusiaceae), popularly known as 'guanandi', is found in the tropical areas and swampy lands. The latex exuding from its bark is used in the treatment of gastric ulcer in folk medicine. Several active compounds have been isolated from its stem bark among them, are the chromanone acids. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate antiulcer activity and probable mechanism(s) of action of a fraction containing a mixture of chromanone acids (BI), derived by column chromatography fractionation of the hexane extract of the stem bark of Calophyllum brasiliense (HECb), using experimental in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ulcer was induced by oral administration of ethanol (75%, v/v) and indomethacin (50mg/kg). Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and catalase activity was measured in stomach tissue after ethanol induced ulcer. In order to evaluate the effect of BI on nitric oxide, ulcer was induced by ethanol in l-NAME pretreated animals. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was verified in disk diffusion and broth microdilution in vitro assays, using cagA+ and vacA+ Helicobacter pylori strains. RESULTS BI prevented the gastric ulceration caused by ethanol and indomethacin treatments. Its gastroprotective mechanism in ethanol-induced ulcer was partly due to reduction of MDA and CAT levels in the gastric tissue. BI did not affect the GSH levels and its gastroprotective effect was not reversed by pretreatment with l-NAME. BI showed anti-Helicobacter pylori in the both assays. CONCLUSION The results indicate that BI is partly responsible for the HECb antiulcer and anti-Helicobacter pylori effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Maria Scalon Lemos
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, n 2367, Coxipó, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Zip Code: 78060-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sugiyama A, Linley PJ, Sasaki K, Kumano T, Yamamoto H, Shitan N, Ohara K, Takanashi K, Harada E, Hasegawa H, Terakawa T, Kuzuyama T, Yazaki K. Metabolic engineering for the production of prenylated polyphenols in transgenic legume plants using bacterial and plant prenyltransferases. Metab Eng 2011; 13:629-37. [PMID: 21835257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated polyphenols are secondary metabolites beneficial for human health because of their various biological activities. Metabolic engineering was performed using Streptomyces and Sophora flavescens prenyltransferase genes to produce prenylated polyphenols in transgenic legume plants. Three Streptomyces genes, NphB, SCO7190, and NovQ, whose gene products have broad substrate specificity, were overexpressed in a model legume, Lotus japonicus, in the cytosol, plastids or mitochondria with modification to induce the protein localization. Two plant genes, N8DT and G6DT, from Sophora flavescens whose gene products show narrow substrate specificity were also overexpressed in Lotus japonicus. Prenylated polyphenols were undetectable in these plants; however, supplementation of a flavonoid substrate resulted in the production of prenylated polyphenols such as 7-O-geranylgenistein, 6-dimethylallylnaringenin, 6-dimethylallylgenistein, 8-dimethylallynaringenin, and 6-dimethylallylgenistein in transgenic plants. Although transformants with the native NovQ did not produce prenylated polyphenols, modification of its codon usage led to the production of 6-dimethylallylnaringenin and 6-dimethylallylgenistein in transformants following naringenin supplementation. Prenylated polyphenols were not produced in mitochondrial-targeted transformants even under substrate feeding. SCO7190 was also expressed in soybean, and dimethylallylapigenin and dimethylallyldaidzein were produced by supplementing naringenin. This study demonstrated the potential for the production of novel prenylated polyphenols in transgenic plants. In particular, the enzymatic properties of prenyltransferases seemed to be altered in transgenic plants in a host species-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yazaki K, Sasaki K, Tsurumaru Y. Prenylation of aromatic compounds, a key diversification of plant secondary metabolites. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1739-45. [PMID: 19819506 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prenylation plays a major role in the diversification of aromatic natural products, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and coumarins. This biosynthetic reaction represents the crucial coupling process of the shikimate or polyketide pathway providing an aromatic moiety and the isoprenoid pathway derived from the mevalonate or methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, which provides the prenyl (isoprenoid) chain. In particular, prenylation contributes strongly to the diversification of flavonoids, due to differences in the prenylation position on the aromatic rings, various lengths of prenyl chain, and further modifications of the prenyl moiety, e.g., cyclization and hydroxylation, resulting in the occurrence of ca. 1000 prenylated flavonoids in plants. Many prenylated flavonoids have been identified as active components in medicinal plants with biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-androgen, anti-leishmania, and anti-nitric oxide production. Due to their beneficial effects on human health, prenylated flavonoids are of particular interest as lead compounds for producing drugs and functional foods. However, the gene coding for prenyltransferases that catalyze the key step of flavonoid prenylation have remained unidentified for more than three decades, because of the membrane-bound nature of these enzymes. Recently, we have succeeded in identifying the first prenyltransferase gene SfN8DT-1 from Sophora flavescens, which is responsible for the prenylation of the flavonoid naringenin at the 8-position, and is specific for flavanones and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as substrates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SfN8DT-1 has the same evolutionary origin as prenyltransferases for vitamin E and plastoquinone. A prenyltransferase GmG4DT from soybean, which is involved in the formation of glyceollin, was also identified recently. This enzyme was specific for pterocarpan as its aromatic substrate, and (-)-glycinol was the native substrate yielding the direct precursor of glyceollin I. These enzymes are localized to plastids and the prenyl chain is derived from the MEP pathway. Further relevant genes involved in the prenylation of other types of polyphenol are expected to be cloned by utilizing the sequence information provided by the above studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su XH, Zhang ML, Li LG, Huo CH, Gu YC, Shi QW. Chemical constituents of the plants of the genus Calophyllum. Chem Biodivers 2009; 5:2579-608. [PMID: 19089819 PMCID: PMC7161999 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Su
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reyes-Chilpa R, Estrada-Muñiz E, Vega-Avila E, Abe F, Kinjo J, Hernández-Ortega S. Trypanocidal constituents in plants: 7. Mammea-type coumarins. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:431-6. [PMID: 18797754 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calophyllum brasiliense and Mammea americana (Clusiaceae) are two trees from the tropical rain forests of the American continent. A previous screening showed high trypanocidal activity in the extracts of these species. Several mammea-type coumarins, triterpenoids and biflavonoids were isolated from the leaves of C. brasiliense. Mammea A/AA was obtained from the fruit peels of M. americana. These compounds were tested in vitro against epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. The most potent compounds were mammea A/BA, A/BB, A/AA, A/BD and B/BA, with MC100 values in the range of 15 to 90 microg/ml. Coumarins with a cyclized gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl substituent on C-6, such as mammea B/BA, cyclo F + B/BB cyclo F, and isomammeigin, showed MC100 values > 200 microg/ml. Several active coumarins were also tested against normal human lymphocytes in vitro, which showed that mammea A/AA and A/BA were not toxic. Other compounds from C. brasiliense, such as the triterpenoids, friedelin, canophyllol, the biflavonoid amentoflavone, and protocatechuic and shikimic acids, were inactive against the epimastigotes. The isopropylidenedioxy derivative of shikimic acid was inactive, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Our results suggest that mammea-type coumarins could be a valuable source of trypanocidal compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, México.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
El-Ghorab A, El-Massry KF, Shibamoto T. Chemical composition of the volatile extract and antioxidant activities of the volatile and nonvolatile extracts of Egyptian corn silk (Zea mays L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:9124-7. [PMID: 17914872 DOI: 10.1021/jf071646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A total of 36 compounds, which comprised 99.4% of the extract, were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the volatile dichloromethane extract obtained from Egyptian corn silk. The main constituents of the volatile extract were cis-alpha-terpineol (24.22%), 6,11-oxidoacor-4-ene (18.06%), citronellol (16.18%), trans-pinocamphone (5.86%), eugenol (4.37%), neo-iso-3-thujanol (2.59%), and cis-sabinene hydrate (2.28%). Dried Egyptian corn silk was also directly extracted with petroleum ether, ethanol, and water. All extracts from solvent extraction and the volatile extract described above exhibited clear antioxidant activities at levels of 50-400 microg/mL in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)/linoleic acid assay. The ethanol extract inhibited DPPH activity by 84% at a level of 400 microg/mL. All samples tested via the beta-carotene bleaching assay also exhibited satisfactory antioxidant activity with clear dose responses. This study indicates that corn silk could be used to produce novel natural antioxidants as well as a flavoring agent in various food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Ghorab
- Flavor and Aroma Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Braga FC, Serra CP, Viana NS, Oliveira AB, Côrtes SF, Lombardi JA. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by Brazilian plants. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:353-8. [PMID: 17513067 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The potential antihypertensive activity of Brazilian plants was evaluated in vitro by its ability to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Forty-four plants belonging to 30 families were investigated. Plants were selected based on their popular use as antihypertensive and/or diuretics. The following plants presented significant ACE inhibition rates: Calophyllum brasiliense, Combretum fruticosum, Leea rubra, Phoenix roebelinii and Terminalia catappa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernão C Braga
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reyes-Chilpa R, Baggio CH, Alavez-Solano D, Estrada-Muñiz E, Kauffman FC, Sanchez RI, Mesia-Vela S. Inhibition of gastric H+,K+-ATPase activity by flavonoids, coumarins and xanthones isolated from Mexican medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 105:167-72. [PMID: 16314059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are commonly used in Latin American folk medicine for the treatment of gastric problems. In order to understand the properties of some of their chemical constituents, four natural xanthones, an acetylated derivative, two coumarins (mammea A/BA and mammea C/OA) isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess and two flavonoids (minimiflorin and mundulin) isolated from Lonchocarpus oaxacensis Pittier, and the chalcone lonchocarpin isolated from Lonchocarpus guatemalensis Benth were tested for their activities on gastric H+,K+-ATPase isolated from dog stomach. All the compounds tested inhibited H+,K+-ATPase activity with varied potency. The xanthones inhibited the H+,K+-ATPase with IC50 values ranging from 47 microM to 1.6 mM. Coumarins inhibited H+,K+-ATPase with IC50 values of 110 and 638 microM. IC50 values for the flavonoids ranged from 9.6 to 510 microM among which minimiflorin was the most potent. The results suggest that H+,K+-ATPase is sensitive to inhibition by several types of structurally different natural compounds. The potency of the effects on gastric H+,K+-ATPase depends on the presence, position and number of hydroxyls groups in the molecule. Collectively, these results suggest a potential for important pharmacological and toxicological interactions by these types of natural products at the level of H+,K+-ATPase which may explain, at least in part, the gastroprotective properties, indicated by traditional medicine, of the plants from which these compounds were isolated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F. Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reyes-Chilpa R, Estrada-Muñiz E, Apan TR, Amekraz B, Aumelas A, Jankowski CK, Vázquez-Torres M. Cytotoxic effects of mammea type coumarins from Calophyllum brasiliense. Life Sci 2004; 75:1635-47. [PMID: 15261767 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) is a big tree from the Tropical Rain Forests of the American continent. The organic extracts from the leaves yielded coumarins of the mammea type: mammea A/BA, A/BB, B/BA, B/BB, C/OA, C/OB, B/BA cyclo F, B/BB cyclo F, and isomammeigin. The triterpenoids friedelin and canophyllol, as well as the biflavonoid amentoflavone, protocatechuic and shikimic acids, were also obtained. Most of the isolated compounds were tested in vitro against K562, U251, and PC3 human tumor cell lines. The coumarins were cytotoxic against the three cell lines, the highest activity was shown by mammea A/BA (IC50 = 0.04 to 0.59 microM). The mixtures of mammea A/BA + A/BB, mammea B/BA + B/BB and mammea C/OA + C/OB were also highly active (IC50 < 4.05 microM). Friedelin was cytotoxic only against PC3, and U251 lines. Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was also assayed in vitro; however, none of the tested compounds (250 microM) prevented the activity of this enzyme. Most of the isolated compounds were also inactive against fourteen bacterial strains; however mammea A/BA + A/BB, and mammea C/OA + C/OB inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Delagación Coyoacan México D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Agripino DG, Lima MEL, Silva MRD, Meda CI, Bolzani VDS, Cordeiro I, Young MCM, Moreno PRH. Screening of Brazilian plants for antimicrobial and dnadamaging activities: I. Atlantic rain forest . Ecological station juréia-itatins. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032004000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
I. Atlantic Rain Forest . Ecological Station Juréia-Itatins) Crude extracts from 88 plant species occurring in São Paulo State (Brazil), collected in an Atlantic Forest region, have been screened for antimicrobial and DNA-damaging activities. Of the 114 extracts assayed for antibacterial activity, only the extracts from leaves and stems of Aspidosperma ramiflorum (Apocynaceae) showed a slight activity against Escherichia coli. In the antifungal assay with Candida albicans, no active extract was observed, while in the bioautography assay with Cladosporium sphaerospermum and C. cladosporioides 12% were active. However, only the extract of Psychotria mapoureoides (Rubiaceae) stems showed a strong inhibition of both fungi. The DNA-damaging assay with mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in 17.5 % of active extracts. The majority (55 %) of the active extracts showed selectivity for the DNA-repair mechanism of topoisomerase II and only 20 % showed a selective response for the mechanism of topoisomerase I.
Collapse
|