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Redón S, Quiroz M, Lukić D, Green AJ, Gajardo G. Phylogenetic Relationships of Avian Cestodes from Brine Shrimp and Congruence with Larval Morphology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:397. [PMID: 38338040 PMCID: PMC10854740 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining molecular markers for parasites provides a useful tool for their identification, particularly for larval stages with few distinguishable diagnostic characters. Avian cestodes play a key role in the food webs and biodiversity of hypersaline wetlands, yet they remain understudied. Using naturally infected Artemia, we identified cestode larvae (cysticercoids), assessed their genetic diversity, and explored phylogenetic relationships in relation to larval morphology and waterbird final hosts. We obtained partial 18S rDNA sequences for 60 cysticercoids of the family Hymenolepidae infecting Artemia spp. from seven localities and three countries (Spain, the USA, and Chile). We present the first DNA sequences for six taxa: Confluaria podicipina, Fimbriarioides sp., Flamingolepis liguloides, Flamingolepis sp. 1, Flamingolepis sp. 2, and Hymenolepis californicus. Intraspecific sequence variation (0.00-0.19% diversity) was lower than intergroup genetic distance (0.7-14.75%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed three main clades: 1-Flamingolepis, 2-Fimbriarioides, 3-Confluaria and Hymenolepis, all of which separated from hymenolepidids from mammals and terrestrial birds. This clear separation among taxa is congruent with previous morphological identification, validating the 18S gene as a useful marker to discriminate at generic/species level. Working with intermediate hosts allows the expansion of knowledge of taxonomic and genetic diversity of cestodes in wildlife, as well as elucidation of their life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Redón
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (M.Q.); (G.G.)
| | - Mauricio Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (M.Q.); (G.G.)
| | - Dunja Lukić
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain; (D.L.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Andy J. Green
- Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, C/Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain; (D.L.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno 5290000, Chile; (M.Q.); (G.G.)
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Makwanise T, Dube S, Sibula MS. Molecular characterization of Raillietina isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of free range chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) from the southern region of Zimbabwe using the 18S rDNA gene. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 20:100389. [PMID: 32448526 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are among the major constraints of poultry production. The common internal parasitic infections occurring in poultry include cestodes and other gastrointestinal helminths. The aim of this study was to characterize Raillietina spp. from the gastrointestinal tract of free-range chickens using 18S rDNA genes. This was achieved through the DNA extraction from tapeworms isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of routine slaughtered free-range chickens using 18S and amplifying the partial 18S rDNA genes using PCR. A total of 34 intestine samples were collected from 9 different areas in Matabeleland region and tapeworms were isolated for microscopic examination and morphological characterization. All 34 chickens examined had tapeworms and morphological characterization confirmed those used in the study as belonging to the Raillietina group. DNA extraction was then successfully carried out for 9 cestode isolates followed by the PCR amplification of the 18S genes. The products were sequenced and 4 of the 9 isolates were positively identified using BLAST as Raillietina tunetensis and the other 5 were only identified as Raillietina spp. These sequences were then aligned with other known sequences of Raillietina isolates from GenBank and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method and distance computed using the maximum composite method. The phylogenetic tree showed that three of the unidentified Raillietina species are in the neighboring position with Raillietina sonini whilst the other two are in the neighboring position with Raillietina tetragona. This is the first record of R. tunetensis in Gallus Gallus domesticus from Zimbabwe. This clustering on the phylogenetic tree however, did not differentiate samples according to geographical location showing that this tool can be used to infer phylogenetic data for speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Makwanise
- National University of Science and Technology, P.O Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
| | - S Dube
- National University of Science and Technology, P.O Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - M S Sibula
- National University of Science and Technology, P.O Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
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Amer S, ElKhatam A, Fukuda Y, Bakr LI, Zidan S, Elsify A, Mohamed MA, Tada C, Nakai Y. Prevalence and Identity of Taenia multiceps cysts "Coenurus cerebralis" in Sheep in Egypt. Acta Trop 2017; 176:270-276. [PMID: 28823911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coenurosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage (Coenurus cerebralis) of the canids cestode Taenia multiceps. C. cerebralis particularly infects sheep and goats, and pose a public health concerns. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and molecular identity of C. cerebralis infecting sheep in Egypt. Infection rate was determined by postmortem inspection of heads of the cases that showed neurological manifestations. Species identification and genetic diversity were analyzed based on PCR-sequence analysis of nuclear ITS1 and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ND1) gene markers. Out of 3668 animals distributed in 50 herds at localities of Ashmoun and El Sadat cities, El Menoufia Province, Egypt, 420 (11.45%) sheep showed neurological disorders. Postmortem examination of these animals after slaughter at local abattoirs indicated to occurrence of C. cerebralis cysts in the brain of 111 out of 420 (26.4%), with overall infection rate 3.03% of the involved sheep population. Molecular analysis of representative samples of coenuri at ITS1 gene marker showed extensive intra- and inter-sequence diversity due to deletions/insertions in the microsatellite regions. On contrast to the nuclear gene marker, considerably low genetic diversity was seen in the analyzed mitochondrial gene markers. Phylogenetic analysis based on COI and ND1 gene sequences indicated that the generated sequences in the present study and the reference sequences in the database clustered in 4 haplogroups, with more or less similar topologies. Clustering pattern of the phylogenetic tree showed no effect for the geographic location or the host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El Sheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, 33516, Egypt; Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
| | - Ahmed ElKhatam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Lamia I Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, El Gharbya, Egypt
| | - Shereif Zidan
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsify
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Mohamed
- Department of pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
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Sequence variability in two mitochondrial DNA regions and internal transcribed spacer among three cestodes infecting animals and humans from China. J Helminthol 2011; 86:245-51. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x11000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSequence variability in two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions, namely cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA among and within three cestodes,Spirometra erinaceieuropaei,Taenia multicepsandTaenia hydatigena, from different geographical origins in China was examined. A portion of thecox1 (pcox1),nad4 genes (pnad4) and the ITS (ITS1+5.8S rDNA+ITS2) were amplified separately from individual cestodes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Representative amplicons were subjected to sequencing in order to estimate sequence variability. While the intra-specific sequence variations within each of the tapeworm species were 0–0.7% for pcox1, 0–1.7% for pnad4 and 0.1–3.6% for ITS, the inter-specific sequence differences were significantly higher, being 12.1–17.6%, 18.7–26.2% and 31–75.5% for pcox1, pnad4 and ITS, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the pcox1 sequence data revealed thatT. multicepsandT. hydatigenawere more closely related to the other members of theTaeniagenus, andS. erinaceieuropaeiwas more closely related to the other members of theSpirometragenus. These findings demonstrated clearly the usefulness of mtDNA and rDNA sequences for population genetic studies of these cestodes of socio-economic importance.
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Al-Sabi MNS, Kapel CMO. Multiplex PCR identification of Taenia spp. in rodents and carnivores. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1293-8. [PMID: 21541754 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The genus Taenia includes several species of veterinary and public health importance, but diagnosis of the etiological agent in definitive and intermediate hosts often relies on labor intensive and few specific morphometric criteria, especially in immature worms and underdeveloped metacestodes. In the present study, a multiplex PCR, based on five primers targeting the 18S rDNA and ITS2 sequences, produced a species-specific banding patterns for a range of Taenia spp. Species typing by the multiplex PCR was compared to morphological identification and sequencing of cox1 and/or 12S rDNA genes. As compared to sequencing, the multiplex PCR identified 31 of 32 Taenia metacestodes from rodents, whereas only 14 cysts were specifically identified by morphology. Likewise, the multiplex PCR identified 108 of 130 adult worms, while only 57 were identified to species by morphology. The tested multiplex PCR system may potentially be used for studies of Taenia spp. transmitted between rodents and carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad N S Al-Sabi
- Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Chubb JC, Seppälä T, Lüscher A, Milinski M, Valtonen ET. Schistocephalus cotti n. sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) plerocercoids from bullheads Cottus gobio L. in an Arctic river in Finland, with a key to the plerocercoids of the Palaearctic species of the genus. Syst Parasitol 2006; 65:161-70. [PMID: 16944267 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-006-9047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We compared plerocercoids of Schistocephalus Creplin, 1829 from Cottus gobio (n = 57) and Gasterosteus aculeatus f. semiarmatus (n = 45) from the River Utsjoki, Finland, taken only from single worm infections. Segment numbers in the two populations were distinct (G. aculeatus range 55-107, average 74 (SE 1.66), median 73; C. gobio range 122-189, average 146 (SE 1.78); median 144). The mean difference between populations, 71.47, t = 28.76 with 100 degrees of freedom, two-tailed p value <0.001, was considered extremely significant. Amplification of microsatellite loci that were originally designed for Schistocephalus from G. aculeatus was positive for all larvae from G. aculeatus (n = 20), whereas in no plerocercoids from C. gobio (n = 20) were any of the six microsatellites amplified, indicating that plerocercoids from G. aculeatus and C. gobio were two distinct genetic populations of Schistocephalus. The material from C. gobio is described as S. cotti n. sp. Plerocercoids of the Palaearctic species of Schistocephalus are identified as follows: S. nemachili Dubinina, 1959 with 228-235 or more segments, specific to Barbatula spp. (Balitoridae); S. pungitii Dubinina, 1959 with 62-92 (usually 70-80) segments, specific to Pungitius pungitius; S. solidus (Müller, 1776) in two forms, one in G. aculeatus f. leiurus and f. semiarmatus, with 48-100 (usually 65-75) segments, and the other in G. aculeatus f. trachurus, with 99-138 (usually 112-122) segments; and S. cotti n. sp. with 103-189 (usually 130-159) segments, probably specific to cottids. Nearctic Schistocephalus were not considered owing to the uncertain status of some North American records. Some other species of Schistocephalus of highly doubtful status were briefly noted. Cross-infection experiments and molecular studies are recommended to further elucidate the interrelationships between the various species of Schistocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Chubb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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Abstract
DNA approaches are now being used routinely for accurate identification of Echinococcus and Taenia species, subspecies and strains, and in molecular epidemiological surveys of echinococcosis/taeniasis in different geographical settings and host assemblages. The publication of the complete sequences of the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, T. solium and Asian Taenia, and the availability of mtDNA sequences for a number of other taeniid genotypes, has provided additional genetic information that can be used for more in depth phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of these parasites. This very rich sequence information has provided a solid molecular basis, along with a range of different biological, epidemiological, biochemical and other molecular-genetic criteria, for revising the taxonomy of the genus Echinococcus and for estimating the evolutionary time of divergence of the various taxa. Furthermore, the accumulating genetic data has allowed the development of PCR-based tests for unambiguous identification of Echinococcus eggs in the faeces of definitive hosts and in the environment. Molecular phylogenies derived from mtDNA sequence comparisons of geographically distributed samples of T. solium provide molecular evidence for two genotypes, one being restricted to Asia, with the other occurring in Africa and America. Whether the two genetic forms of T. solium differ in important phenotypic characteristics remains to be determined. As well, minor DNA sequence differences have been reported between isolates of T. saginata and Asian Taenia. There has been considerable discussion over a number of years regarding the taxonomic position of Asian Taenia and whether it should be regarded as a genotype, strain, subspecies or sister species of T. saginata. The available molecular genetic data do not support independent species status for Asian Taenia and T. saginata. What is in agreement is that both taxa are closely related to each other but distantly related to T. solium. This is important in public health terms as it predicts that cysticercosis in humans attributable to Asian Taenia does not occur, because cysticercosis is unknown in T. saginata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital.
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