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Lobo LMDC, Hadler MCCM. Vitamin E deficiency in childhood: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:392-405. [PMID: 35929460 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is an important nutrient from the earliest stages of life. It plays key roles as an antioxidant and in the maintenance of the immune system, among others. Vitamin E deficiency (VED), which occurs more frequently in children, is rarely addressed in the literature. This narrative review aims to summarise the chemistry, biology, serum indicators and clinical trials that have evaluated the impact of fortification and other relevant aspects of vitamin E, in addition to the prevalence of its deficiency, in children worldwide. Vitamin E intake in recommended amounts is essential for this nutrient to perform its functions in the body. Serum α-tocopherol is the most widely used biochemical indicator to assess the prevalence of VED. VED has been associated with symptoms secondary to fat malabsorption and may lead to peripheral neuropathy and increased erythrocyte haemolysis. Reduced concentrations of α-tocopherol may be caused by the combination of diets with low amounts of vitamin E and inadequate consumption of fats, proteins and calories. The lowest prevalence of VED was found in Asia and the highest in North America and Brazil. High proportions of VED provide evidence that this nutritional deficiency is a public health problem in children and still little addressed in the international scientific literature. The planning, evaluation and implementation of health policies aimed at combatting VED in the paediatric population are extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Claret Costa Monteiro Hadler
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Chungchunlam SMS, Moughan PJ. Comparative bioavailability of vitamins in human foods sourced from animals and plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-36. [PMID: 37522617 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2241541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamins are essential components of enzyme systems involved in normal growth and function. The quantitative estimation of the proportion of dietary vitamins, that is in a form available for utilization by the human body, is limited and fragmentary. This review provides the current state of knowledge on the bioavailability of thirteen vitamins and choline, to evaluate whether there are differences in vitamin bioavailability when human foods are sourced from animals or plants. The bioavailability of naturally occurring choline, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K in food awaits further studies. Animal-sourced foods are the almost exclusive natural sources of dietary vitamin B-12 (65% bioavailable) and preformed vitamin A retinol (74% bioavailable), and contain highly bioavailable biotin (89%), folate (67%), niacin (67%), pantothenic acid (80%), riboflavin (61%), thiamin (82%), and vitamin B-6 (83%). Plant-based foods are the main natural sources of vitamin C (76% bioavailable), provitamin A carotenoid β-carotene (15.6% bioavailable), riboflavin (65% bioavailable), thiamin (81% bioavailable), and vitamin K (16.5% bioavailable). The overview of studies showed that in general, vitamins in foods originating from animals are more bioavailable than vitamins in foods sourced from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Bessaguet F, Desmoulière A. Le foie. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Witthöft CM, Forssén K, Johannesson L, Jägerstad M. Folates - food sources, analyses, retention and bioavailability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v43i0.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Sechi G, Sechi E, Fois C, Kumar N. Advances in clinical determinants and neurological manifestations of B vitamin deficiency in adults. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:281-300. [PMID: 27034475 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B vitamin deficiency is a leading cause of neurological impairment and disability throughout the world. Multiple B vitamin deficiencies often coexist, and thus an understanding of the complex relationships between the different biochemical pathways regulated in the brain by these vitamins may facilitate prompter diagnosis and improved treatment. Particular populations at risk for multiple B vitamin deficiencies include the elderly, people with alcoholism, patients with heart failure, patients with recent obesity surgery, and vegetarians/vegans. Recently, new clinical settings that predispose individuals to B vitamin deficiency have been highlighted. Moreover, other data indicate a possible pathogenetic role of subclinical chronic B vitamin deficiency in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In light of these findings, this review examines the clinical manifestations of B vitamin deficiency and the effect of B vitamin deficiency on the adult nervous system. The interrelationships of multiple B vitamin deficiencies are emphasized, along with the clinical phenotypes related to B vitamin deficiencies. Recent advances in the clinical determinants and diagnostic clues of B vitamin deficiency, as well as the suggested therapies for B vitamin disorders, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- GianPietro Sechi
- G.P. Sechi, E. Sechi, and C. Fois are with the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. N. Kumar is with the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Elia Sechi
- G.P. Sechi, E. Sechi, and C. Fois are with the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. N. Kumar is with the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chiara Fois
- G.P. Sechi, E. Sechi, and C. Fois are with the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. N. Kumar is with the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- G.P. Sechi, E. Sechi, and C. Fois are with the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. N. Kumar is with the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Hagel AF, Layritz CM, Hagel WH, Hagel HJ, Hagel E, Dauth W, Kressel J, Regnet T, Rosenberg A, Neurath MF, Molderings GJ, Raithel M. Intravenous infusion of ascorbic acid decreases serum histamine concentrations in patients with allergic and non-allergic diseases. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:789-93. [PMID: 23666445 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Histamine plays an important role in the development of symptoms in allergic, infectious, neoplastic and other diseases. Empirical findings have suggested beneficial effects of ascorbic acid supplementation in those diseases, and these effects are assumed to be related to a possible decrease in systemic histamine concentration. In the present study, we systematically investigated for the first time the effect of 7.5 g of intravenously administered ascorbic acid on serum histamine levels (as detected by ELISA) in 89 patients (19 with allergic and 70 with infectious diseases). When all patients were grouped together, there was a significant decline in histamine concentration from 0.83 to 0.57 ng/ml×m2 body surface area (BSA, p<0.0001). The decrease in serum histamine concentration in patients with allergic diseases (1.36 to 0.69 ng/ml×m2 BSA, p=0.0007) was greater than that in patients with infectious diseases (0.73 to 0.56 ng/ml×m2 BSA, p=0.01). Furthermore, the decline in histamine concentration after ascorbic acid administration was positively correlated with the basal, i.e. pre-therapeutic, histamine concentration. Intravenous infusion of ascorbic acid clearly reduced histamine concentrations in serum, and may represent a therapeutic option in patients presenting with symptoms and diseases associated with pathologically increased histamine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Hagel
- Functional Tissue Diagnostics, Department of Medicine I, University Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
In recent years, folates have come into focus due to their protective role against child birth defects, for example, neural tube defects. In addition, folates may have a protective role to play against coronary heart disease and certain forms of cancer. During the last few years most countries have established increased recommended intakes of folates, for example, between 300-400 microg per day for adults. This review of folates in milk and dairy products compares some recent data based on high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses and radioprotein-binding assays, with previous data based on microbiological assays. All three methods show similar ranges for folates in cow's milk, 5-10 microg per 100 g, the variation being due to seasonal variations. Data on folates in fermented milk (buttermilk and yogurt) are also similar for these methods. Different starter cultures, however, might explain some of the variations in folate content and folate forms. Most cheese varieties contain between 10 microg and 40 microg folate per kg, with slightly higher values for whey cheese. Ripened soft cheeses may contain up to 100 microg folate per 100 g. Most previous and recent studies using HPLC indicate that 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-methyl-THF) is the major folate form in milk, but more studies are needed concerning folate forms in other, especially fermented dairy products. Relatively new data on actual concentrations in different dairy products show folate-binding proteins (FBP) to occur in unprocessed milk, but also in pasteurised milk, spray-dried skim milk powder and whey. In contrast, UHT milk, fermented milk and most cheeses only contain low levels or trace amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Forssén
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
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Roth-Maier DA, Kirchgessner M. [Pre-cecal digestibility of natural thiamine, riboflavin and natural pantothenic acid in the swine animal model]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT 1996; 35:318-22. [PMID: 9082655 DOI: 10.1007/bf01610549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigations was to produce results about precaecal digestibility of naturally occurring thiamin, riboflavin and pantothenic acid from corn, wheat bran and dried skim milk. Precaecal digestibility is used as a quantitative measure for availability and was determined in ileorectomized growing pigs. Therefore, 6 female DL-pigs with a liveweight of about 30 kg were fitted with ileorectalanastomosis as end-to-side-anastomosis with preserved ileo-caeco-colic valve. The metabolism trials to collect the chymus quantitatively with these animals were carried out from the third week until 9 weeks after surgery in the liveweight range of about 40-70 kg. Precaecal digestibilities from corn, wheat bran and dried skim milk were for thiamin 87, 91 and 96%, respectively, with all values being significantly different. Riboflavin was 67, 62 and 94% precaecally digestible, the significantly different values for pantothenic ranged from 20 to 47 and 90%. "Availability" of native thiamin was higher than of riboflavin and pantothenic acid, which showed the lowest value of about 50%. The availability of the vitamins from the animal product was significantly higher than from vegetable products. The suitability of the method is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Roth-Maier
- Institut für Ernährungsphysiologie Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan
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Manzi P, Panfili G, Pizzoferrato L. Normal and reversed-phase HPLC for more complete evaluation of tocopherols, retinols, carotenes and sterols in dairy products. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02272829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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