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El-Sabrout K, Khalifah A, Mishra B. Application of botanical products as nutraceutical feed additives for improving poultry health and production. Vet World 2023; 16:369-379. [PMID: 37041996 PMCID: PMC10082723 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.369-379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry is one of the most consumed sources of animal protein around the world. To meet the global demands for poultry meat and eggs, it is necessary to improve their nutrition to sustain the poultry industry. However, the poultry industry faces several challenges, including feedstuff availability, the banning of antibiotics as growth promoters, and several environmental stressors. Therefore, there is a critical need to include available nutraceuticals in the diet to sustain the poultry industry. Nutraceuticals are natural chemical substances that positively influence animal physiological and productive traits. Botanical products (such as fenugreek seeds, ginger roots, and olive leaves) are among the most commonly used nutraceuticals and are gradually gaining popularity in the poultry industry due to their immense benefits in nutrition and therapeutic properties. They can be added to the diet separately or in combination (as a natural antioxidant and immunostimulant) to improve poultry health and production. Botanical products are rich in essential oils and essential fatty acids, which have multiple benefits on the animal's digestive system, such as activating the digestive enzymes and restoring microbiota balance, enhancing poultry health, and production. These nutraceuticals have been shown to stimulate the expression of several genes related to growth, metabolism, and immunity. In addition, the essential oil supplementation in poultry diets up-regulated the expression of some crucial genes associated with nutrient transportation (such as glucose transporter-2 and sodium-glucose cotransporter-1). Previous studies have suggested that supplementation of botanical compounds increased broiler body weight and hen egg production by approximately 7% and 15%, respectively. Furthermore, the supplementation of botanical compounds enhanced the reproductive efficiency of hens and the semen quality of roosters by 13%. This review article discusses the significant effects of some botanical products in the poultry industry and how they can benefit poultry, especially in light of the ban on antibiotics as growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim El-Sabrout
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman Khalifah
- Department of Livestock Research, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg El Arab, Egypt
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Hannan MA, Zahan MS, Sarker PP, Moni A, Ha H, Uddin MJ. Protective Effects of Black Cumin ( Nigella sativa) and Its Bioactive Constituent, Thymoquinone against Kidney Injury: An Aspect on Pharmacological Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169078. [PMID: 34445781 PMCID: PMC8396533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, and a close association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and CKD has recently been identified. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) has been shown to be effective in treating various kidney diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that black cumin and its vital compound, thymoquinone (TQ), can protect against kidney injury caused by various xenobiotics, namely chemotherapeutic agents, heavy metals, pesticides, and other environmental chemicals. Black cumin can also protect the kidneys from ischemic shock. The mechanisms underlying the kidney protective potential of black cumin and TQ include antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and antifibrosis which are manifested in their regulatory role in the antioxidant defense system, NF-κB signaling, caspase pathways, and TGF-β signaling. In clinical trials, black seed oil was shown to normalize blood and urine parameters and improve disease outcomes in advanced CKD patients. While black cumin and its products have shown promising kidney protective effects, information on nanoparticle-guided targeted delivery into kidney is still lacking. Moreover, the clinical evidence on this natural product is not sufficient to recommend it to CKD patients. This review provides insightful information on the pharmacological benefits of black cumin and TQ against kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.A.H.); (M.S.Z.); (P.P.S.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sarwar Zahan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.A.H.); (M.S.Z.); (P.P.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Partha Protim Sarker
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.A.H.); (M.S.Z.); (P.P.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Akhi Moni
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.A.H.); (M.S.Z.); (P.P.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.A.H.); (M.S.Z.); (P.P.S.); (A.M.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-4075; Fax: +82-2-3277-2851
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Albarrak SM. Antioxidant and immune responses of broiler chickens supplemented with Rhazya stricta extract in drinking water. Vet World 2021; 14:1437-1449. [PMID: 34316190 PMCID: PMC8304433 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1437-1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Rhazya stricta is a herbal plant widely used in traditional medicine due to its proficiency and naturalness with few side effects. In this study, we investigated the impact of using an R. stricta extract supplement on broiler chickens' performance, especially the immune system. Materials and Methods In addition to the control group, one group received the methanol extract of R. stricta in drinking water for the first 2 weeks before being challenged with sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs), while the other group was challenged with SRBCs without receiving the R. stricta treatment. We evaluated cellular immunity by determining the phagocytic activity and lymphocyte (L) proliferation and assessed humoral immunity by quantification of the serum total IgM and IgG. We measured the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes and performed a histological examination of the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius (BF). Results Our results indicate a significant enhancement in cellular immunity in the group supplemented with R. stricta as demonstrated by a significant increase in the phagocytic activity, L proliferation, and percentages of circulating L (p<0.05). The chickens treated with R. stricta exhibit an enhanced humoral response shown by a significant elevation in the serum levels of the total antibodies of the IgM and IgG isotypes, along with a notable increase in BF activity. Furthermore, R. stricta supplementation is associated with a significant increase in the serum levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), along with a significant improvement in broilers' general performance, body weight, and feed efficiency. Conclusion Our results suggest an immunomodulatory effect for the methanol extract of R. stricta and highlight the potential use of this plant in preventive and therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M Albarrak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Haq IU, Hafeez A, Khan RU. Protective effect of Nigella sativa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on zootechnical characteristics, fecal Escherichia coli and hematopoietic potential in broiler infected with experimental Colibacillosis. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Nigella sativa (commonly known as black seed or black cumin), from the family Ranunculaceae, is a plant that grows in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This narrative review discusses the toxicological profile reported by short- to long-term studies that examined different extracts and oils of N. sativa seeds. Scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords. LD50 for administered N. sativa seed fixed oil varied from 28.8 mL/kg to 3,371 mg/kg in mice, while 21 g/kg of aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of N. sativa did not lead to any mortality. Subacute toxicity evaluations indicated that aqueous, methanol, and chloroform extracts of N. sativa at doses as high as 6 g/kg do not produce toxicity. Investigation of chronic toxicity found that 2 mL/kg of N. sativa fixed oil is slightly toxic. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that N. sativa chloroform and petroleum ether extracts are more cytotoxic than its other extracts. Although studies that assessed N. sativa toxicity generally introduced it as a safe medicinal herb, to draw a more definitive conclusion on its safety, more detailed studies must be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad917794-8564, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad917794-8564, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad917794-8564, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad917794-8564, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad917794-8564, Iran
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Aydogan I, Yildirim E, Kurum A, Bolat D, Cinar M, Basalan M, Yigit A. The Effect of Dietary Garlic (Allium Sativum), Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa) and Their Combination on Performance, Intestine Morphometry, Serum Biochemistry and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Kurum
- Kırıkkale University, Turkey
| | - D Bolat
- Kırıkkale University, Turkey
| | - M Cinar
- Kırıkkale University, Turkey
| | | | - A Yigit
- Kırıkkale University, Turkey
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Najib H, Al-Homidan I, Fathi MM, Al-Suhim AA. Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) and Ginger Powder (Zingiber officinale) Effect on Growth Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2020.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abou-Elkhair R, Selim S, Hussein E. Effect of supplementing layer hen diet with phytogenic feed additives on laying performance, egg quality, egg lipid peroxidation and blood biochemical constituents. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2018; 4:394-400. [PMID: 30564759 PMCID: PMC6286622 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing laying hen diet with phytogenic additives on laying performance, egg quality, blood constituents and egg lipid peroxidation. Two hundred Lohmann Brown Lite laying hens were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments: control (without phytogenic additive), fennel seeds (5 g/kg), black cumin seeds (5 g/kg) and hot red pepper (5 g/kg). Each of the 4 diets was fed to 5 replicates of 10 hens for 8 weeks. No significant differences were observed in body weight or feed intake between the groups. Dietary inclusion of fennel followed by red pepper improved (P < 0.05) egg weight, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio compared with control. Higher yolk shape index, shell and albumen weight percentages and Haugh unit (P < 0.05) were recorded in the fennel supplemented group compared with control. The egg yolk color score increased by the addition of fennel or hot red pepper in laying hen diets compared with control. The inclusion of black cumin or hot red pepper decreased serum and egg yolk cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations (P < 0.05) compared with control. Serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration was lower in black cumin group (P < 0.05) than in other treatments. In conclusion, the best laying performance and egg quality were obtained by dietary inclusion of fennel, followed by hot red pepper and black cumin. Dietary supplementation of black cumin or red pepper may lead to the development of low-cholesterol concentration and better antioxidant capacity of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Abou-Elkhair
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Eman Hussein
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-kom 32514, Egypt
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Kumar P, Patra AK, Mandal GP, Debnath BC. Carcass characteristics, chemical and fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of meat from broiler chickens fed black cumin (Nigella sativa
) seeds. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:769-779. [PMID: 29493013 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition; West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences; Kolkata India
| | - A. K. Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition; West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences; Kolkata India
| | - G. P. Mandal
- Department of Animal Nutrition; West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences; Kolkata India
| | - B. C. Debnath
- Department of Animal Nutrition; West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences; Kolkata India
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Abd El-Hack M, Alagawany M, Saeed M, Arif M, Arain M, Bhutto Z, Fazlani S. Effect of gradual substitution of soyabean meal by Nigella sativa meal on growth performance, carcass traits and blood lipid profile of growing Japanese quail. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/65558/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Umar S, Rehman A, Younus M, Qamar-un-Nisa, Ali A, Shahzad M, Shah MAA, Munir MT, Aslam HB, Yaqoob M. Effects of Nigella sativa on immune responses and pathogenesis of avian influenza (H9N2) virus in turkeys. J APPL POULTRY RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mahmoud MAEFA, Aminou HA, Hashem HA. Are the fatty acids responsible for the higher effect of oil and alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa over its aqueous extract on Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites? J Parasit Dis 2014; 40:22-31. [PMID: 27065592 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis, the disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis is the sexually transmitted infection with the largest annual incidence. Metronidazole is the drug of choice recommended for the treatment of human trichomoniasis but it can lead to drug resistance and many other adverse effects. So, it is necessary for new alternatives for the treatment of this infection. Medicinal plants or herbs could be good alternative regimens to be inexpensive, effective and safe to use. In the present study, the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa aqueous and alcoholic extracts as well as seeds oil was examined. Different concentrations of these plant preparations were incubated in vitro with cultivated T. vaginalis trophozoites and its effect on growth was compared with metronidazole under the same conditions. Both the alcoholic extract and oil proved to be valuable agents as efficient as metronidazole in treating T. vaginalis infection. The remarkable effect of N. sativa oil may be attributed to the fact that the active principles extracted from N. sativa seeds are mostly from its essential oil (omega 3, 6, 9 as well as 7 fatty acids). However, further experimental and clinical investigations are needed to evaluate and standardize the doses of these natural products to be safe and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abd El-Fattah Ahmad Mahmoud
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt ; Clinical Parasitology Unit, Laboratory and Blood Bank Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Mecca, 21955 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba AbdelKader Aminou
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Hanan Ahmed Hashem
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
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Khalaji S, Zaghari M, Hatami K, Hedari-Dastjerdi S, Lotfi L, Nazarian H. Black cumin seeds, Artemisia leaves (Artemisia sieberi), and Camellia L. plant extract as phytogenic products in broiler diets and their effects on performance, blood constituents, immunity, and cecal microbial population. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2500-10. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Majeed LH, Abdelati KA, El Bagir NM, Alhaidary A, Mohamed HE, Beynen AC. Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Low Inclusion Levels of Black Cumin Seed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.2725.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Toghyani M, Toghyani M, Gheisari A, Ghalamkari G, Mohammadrezaei M. Growth performance, serum biochemistry and blood hematology of broiler chicks fed different levels of black seed (Nigella sativa) and peppermint (Mentha piperita). Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Erener G, Altop A, Ocak N, Aksoy H, Cankaya S, Ozturk E. Influence of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa L.) and Seed Extract on Broilers Performance and Total Coliform Bacteria Count. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2010.128.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Aydin R, Karaman M, Cicek T, Yardibi H. Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Supplementation into the Diet of the Laying Hen Positively Influences Egg Yield Parameters, Shell Quality, and Decreases Egg Cholesterol. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2590-5. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gilani SA, Kikuchi A, Shinwari ZK, Khattak ZI, Watanabe KN. Phytochemical, pharmacological and ethnobotanical studies of Rhazya stricta Decne. Phytother Res 2007; 21:301-7. [PMID: 17186492 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhazya stricta Decne. is an important medicinal species that is rich in alkaloids containing anticancer alkaloids also. This paper reviews phytochemical, pharmacological and ethnobotanical studies of R. stricta. Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the species have been thoroughly explored. Over 100 alkaloids have been isolated from R. stricta, but the pharmacological activities are known for only a few of these compounds. Very few ethnobotanical studies of R. stricta have been done, and there is a particular need for such studies in various regions of South Asia and in Middle Eastern countries where the species grows. These ethnobotanical studies should investigate herbal recipes of R. stricta and their use for curing diseases. The genetic diversity, chemotaxonomy and allelopathy of R. stricta have not yet been explored, and these studies are recommended, with the ultimate goal of benefiting local communities in regions where R. stricta grows. This should be achieved by sharing knowledge and through the manufacture of herbal drugs from R. stricta's active chemical constituents, while protecting intellectual property rights and following the World Health Organization's guidelines for safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Abdullah Gilani
- Gene Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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The medicinal potential of black seed (Nigella sativa) and its components. LEAD MOLECULES FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS - DISCOVERY AND NEW TRENDS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(05)02008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Salem ML. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:1749-70. [PMID: 16275613 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A larger number of medicinal plants and their purified constituents have been shown beneficial therapeutic potentials. Seeds of Nigella sativa, a dicotyledon of the Ranunculaceae family, have been employed for thousands of years as a spice and food preservative. The oil and seed constituents, in particular thymoquinine (TQ), have shown potential medicinal properties in traditional medicine. In view of the recent literature, this article lists and discusses different immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic potentials for the crude oil of N. sativa seeds and its active ingredients. The published findings provide clear evidence that both the oil and its active ingredients, in particular TQ, possess reproducible anti-oxidant effects through enhancing the oxidant scavenger system, which as a consequence lead to antitoxic effects induced by several insults. The oil and TQ have shown also potent anti-inflammatory effects on several inflammation-based models including experimental encephalomyelitis, colitis, peritonitis, oedama, and arthritis through suppression of the inflammatory mediators prostaglandins and leukotriens. The oil and certain active ingredients showed beneficial immunomodulatory properties, augmenting the T cell- and natural killer cell-mediated immune responses. Most importantly, both the oil and its active ingredients expressed anti-microbial and anti-tumor properties toward different microbes and cancers. Coupling these beneficial effects with its use in folk medicine, N. sativa seed is a promising source for active ingredients that would be with potential therapeutic modalities in different clinical settings. The efficacy of the active ingredients, however, should be measured by the nature of the disease. Given their potent immunomodulatory effects, further studies are urgently required to explore bystander effects of TQ on the professional antigen presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as its modulatory effects upon Th1- and Th2-mediated inflammatory immune diseases. Ultimately, results emerging from such studies will substantially improve the immunotherapeutic application of TQ in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Labib Salem
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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