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Abdullah SS, Masood S, Zaneb H, Rabbani I, Akbar J, Kuthu ZH, Masood A, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Effects of copper nanoparticles on performance, muscle and bone characteristics and serum metabolites in broilers. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e261578. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.261578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Three hundred and twenty day old Hubbard broilers were randomly allocated to four treatments (8 replicates, 10 birds/pen) and were raised under standard management conditions. Birds in the first group served as control and were fed a corn based diet, while birds in the remaining three groups i.e.; A, B and C were fed with a basal diet supplemented with copper nanoparticles (CuNP) at 5, 10 and 15 mg /kg of diet respectively for 35 days. Supplementation of CuNP linearly increased (P≤0.05) body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed intake (FI) in broilers. Uric acid, glucose levels in blood and feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced linearly (P≤0.05) with CuNP supplementation in diet. Supplementation of CuNP in the diet also linearly increased (P≤0.05) tibia weight, length, diameter, weight/length index (W/L) and Tibiotarsal index (TT index). Inclusion of CuNP in broilers diet linearly increased the measured parameters of muscle i.e.; pH, fiber diameter, fiber cross-sectional area, fascicle diameter, fascicle cross-sectional area (P≤0.05). Concentration of copper, iron, calcium and phosphorous in blood also increased line-arly (P ≤ 0.05) with CuNP supplementation. Overall, CuNP positively affected the growth performance, histological characteristics of muscles, bone strength and serum metabolites in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Masood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - H. Zaneb
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - I. Rabbani
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Li Y, Zhou T, Zhuang J, Dai Y, Zhang X, Bai S, Zhao B, Tang X, Wu X, Chen Y. Effects of feeding restriction on skeletal muscle development and functional analysis of TNNI1 in New Zealand white rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4435-4447. [PMID: 36520026 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2155662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While restricting nutrition can improve diseases related to the digestive tract, excessive restriction of food intake can also lead to malnutrition and delayed physical growth. Therefore, this brings the demand to study the effect and potential mechanism of restricted feeding on skeletal muscle development in rabbits. This study utilized hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to detect muscle fiber area which depicted significant reduction in skeletal muscle fiber upon 30% feed restriction (p < 0.05). The control group and 30% feed restricted group showed 615 deferentially expressed genes (DEGs). Through the GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis demonstrated 28 DEGs related to muscle development. KEGG analysis showed enrichment of pathways including PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. Further, the full length of troponin I1, slow skeletal type (TNNI1) was cloned. We studied the expression of skeletal muscle differentiation-related genes such as MyoD, Myf5 gene and Desmin. Specifically, the TNNI1 gene overexpression and knockdown studies were conducted. The over-expression of TNNI1 significantly enhanced the expression of the skeletal muscle development-related genes. Contrastingly, the silencing of TNNI1 gene reduced the expression significantly. These findings showed that TNNI1 may be a regulator for regulating the expression of muscle development-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyi Zhuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaocheng Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bohao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianwei Tang
- Jiangsu Pizhou Orient Breeding Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
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Kumaravel V, Mohan B, Natarajan A, Murali N, Selvaraj P, Vasanthakumar P. Effect on growth performance, carcass traits, and myostatin gene expression in Aseel chicken fed varied levels of dietary protein in isocaloric energy diets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:82. [PMID: 36795279 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding different crude protein (CP) levels with isocaloric metabolizable energy (ME) diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and myostatin (MSTN) gene expression of Aseel chicken during 0 to 16 weeks of age. A total of two hundred and ten day-old Aseel chickens were randomly allotted to seven dietary treatment groups. Each group had thirty chicks distributed into three replicates of ten chicks in each. Experimental diets were formulated to have varying levels of CP, viz. 18.5, 19.0, 19.5, 20.0, 20.5, 21.0, and 21.5%, with isocaloric energy of 2800 kcal ME/kg diets of mash feed fed to birds in a completely randomized design. Different CP levels had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the body weight gain (BWG) of Aseel chicken. At the end of 16 weeks of age, the group fed 21% CP gained 223.53 g more than the lowest CP (18.5%)-fed group. The different CP levels did not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced the feed intake of all treatment groups, but numerically highest feed intake was observed in the lowest CP (18.5%)-fed group. However, significant differences in feed efficiency (FE) appeared from the 13th week only with the 21.0% CP-fed group showing the best FE until the 16th week (3.86 to 4.06). The maximum dressing % (70.61) was observed by the 21% CP-fed group. The CP 21% diet down-regulated the MSTN gene expression in breast muscle tissue to 0.07 folds when compared to the diet of CP 20%. The best economical coordinates for maximum performance for Aseel chicken appeared to be CP of 21% and ME of 2800 kcal/kg to achieve the best FE of 3.86 at the earliest age of 13 weeks. In conclusion, 21% CP in an isocaloric diet of 2800 kcal ME/kg, in Aseel chickens, would be optimum to improve the growth performance at maximum in terms of BWG and FE up to 16 weeks of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumaravel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Mohan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Natarajan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Murali
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Vasanthakumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
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Marín-García PJ, Llobat L, López-Lujan MC, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Pascual JJ. Urea Nitrogen Metabolite Can Contribute to Implementing the Ideal Protein Concept in Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182344. [PMID: 36139206 PMCID: PMC9495106 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Can urea nitrogen metabolite contribute to implementing the ideal protein concept in monogastric animals? This work aims to critically analyse how this metabolite can contribute to accurately implementing the ideal protein concept in monogastric animals, particularly in pig, poultry, and rabbit nutrition. This information will contribute to evaluating its potential and limitations as biomarker, as well as to standardizing the use of this metabolite in precise amino acidic monogastric nutrition. Abstract The ideal protein concept refers to dietary protein with an amino acid profile that exactly meets an animal’s requirement. Low-quality protein levels in the diet have negative implications for productive and reproductive traits, and a protein oversupply is energetically costly and leads to an excessive N excretion, with potentially negative environmental impact. Urea Nitrogen (UN), which corresponds to the amount of nitrogen in the form of urea circulating in the bloodstream, is a metabolite that has been widely used to detect amino acid imbalances and deficiencies and protein requirements. This review aims to critically analyse how UN can contribute to accurately implementing the ideal protein concept in monogastric animals, particularly in pig, poultry, and rabbit nutrition (14,000 animals from 76 published trials). About 59, 37, and 4% of trials have been conducted in pigs, poultry, and rabbits, respectively. UN level was negatively correlated to main performance traits (Pearson Correlation Coefficient [PCC] of −0.98 and −0.76, for average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively), and lower UN level was related to higher milk yield and concentration. High level of UN was positively correlated to N excretion (PCC = 0.99) and negatively correlated to protein retention (PCC = −0.99). Therefore, UN in blood seems to be a proper indicator of amino acid imbalance in monogastric animals. Great variability in the use of UN was observed in the literature, including uses as determination medium (blood, plasma, or serum), units, and feeding system used (ad libitum or restricted), among others. A standardization of the methods in each of the species, with the aim to harmonize comparison among works, is suggested. After review, UN measurement in plasma and, whenever possible, the utilization of the same nutritional methodology (ad libitum conditions or restriction with blood sampling after refeeding at standardised time) are recommended. More studies are necessary to know the potential of UN and other bioindicators for amino acid deficiencies evaluation to get closer to the ideal protein concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.J.M.-G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.J.M.-G.); (L.L.)
| | - Mari Carmen López-Lujan
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cambra-López
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Blas
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan José Pascual
- Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Cordeiro DA, Dos Santos FR, Dos Santos HB, Silva MRS, de Oliveira NF, Minafra CS. Enzymatic complex for broilers fed on a diet containing different levels of Distiller Dried Grains with Solubles. Food Chem 2022; 386:132761. [PMID: 35509160 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of an enzyme complex (carbohydrases, proteases and phytase) in diets formulated with DDGS inclusion levels (0 to 30%) in parameters of performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical profile of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days old. The inclusion of DDGS impaired the performance characteristics in all phases, but broilers feeding with diets containing up to 8% DDGS improves the percentage carcass. Addition of the enzyme complex improved feed conversion by 3.6% and percentage of breast by 1.6%. At 42 days of age, there was a linear decreasing effect of the addition of DDGS in the diets on the relative weight of PV + gizzard (proventriculum + gizzard). Diets without enzyme addition decreased IDCDM, IDCCP and IDCNDF. Inclusion of DDGS up to 8 % results in maximum percentage carcass. The use of exogenous enzymes improves FCR (feed conversion ratio) in the pre-initial phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deibity Alves Cordeiro
- Federal University of Goiás - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Goiânia Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Ramos Dos Santos
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Goiás, Rio Verde Campus, 75901-970, Brazil.
| | - Hyalo Batista Dos Santos
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Goiás, Rio Verde Campus, 75901-970, Brazil.
| | - Maura Regina Sousa Silva
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Goiás, Rio Verde Campus, 75901-970, Brazil
| | | | - Cibele Silva Minafra
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Goiás, Rio Verde Campus, 75901-970, Brazil.
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Al Shap NF, El-Sherbeny EME, El Masry DMA. The efficacy of metal nanocomposite (Fe 3O 4/CuO/ZnO) to ameliorate the toxic effects of ochratoxin in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:312. [PMID: 35971170 PMCID: PMC9377104 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different doses of metal nanocomposite (MNc) (Fe3O4/CuO/ZnO) lower than its cytotoxic level in order to overcome or minimize the ochratoxin (OTA) adverse effects in broilers fed on contaminated ration. The study conducted on 120 one-day old chicks which were divided into equal 6 groups; G1: negative control, G2: positive control (fed on OTA 17 ppb), G3& G4 (fed MNc only with low and high doses respectively). The rest two groups G5 & G6 (treatment groups) were fed on OTA, post induced ochratoxification, treated with low and high doses respectively. RESULTS Body weight gain and heamatocellular elements in both treated groups increased significantly than control. Serum phagocytic nitric oxide levels were increased significantly in both treated groups than control groups. Prothrombin time (PT), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both treated groups than intoxicated control group (G2) but still higher than non-intoxicated control group (G1). Total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium and phosphorus increased significantly in both treated groups than intoxicated control group. Kidney function tests showed significant improvement in both treated groups than intoxicated control group. Antioxidant study revealed that malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly in treated groups than intoxicated control group. Ochratoxin residue decreased significantly in treated groups. Metal residues in tested liver and muscle of treated groups showed no-significant difference with non-intoxicated control group (G1) at the experiment's end. In conclusion, feeding either low or high doses of MNc to broilers were significantly counteracting the negative impacts of OTA or its residue and increase their body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla F Al Shap
- Toxicology Unit Animal Health Research Institute, Tanta lab.Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M El El-Sherbeny
- Pharmacology Unit Animal Health Research Institute, Tanta lab. Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia M A El Masry
- Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 264, Egypt.
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Cai J, Hu Q, Lin H, Zhao J, Jiao H, Wang X. Adiponectin/adiponectin receptors mRNA expression profiles in chickens and their response to feed restriction. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101480. [PMID: 34700095 PMCID: PMC8554277 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADPN) is related to fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in mammals. In chickens, the lipid metabolism, structure and sequence of ADPN are different from that in mammals. The aim of this study was to determine the role of ADPN in broilers lipid metabolism by investigating the temporal and spatial expression profiles of ADPN and its receptors, as well as their response to feed restriction. The results showed that the abdominal fat has the highest expression level, followed by the duodenum, glandular stomach, heart, hypothalamus, liver, and skeletal muscle. Broilers have high energy mobilization during their early stage of growth, in which the fat demand in the liver and muscles is high, thus the expression of ADPN and its receptor are also increased. To study the effects of feed restriction on ADPN and lipid metabolism, broilers were fasted for 12 h and refeed for 2 h. The results showed that fasting decreased the concentration of triglyceride (TG) (P < 0.05) and total cholesterol (TCHO) (P < 0.05) in plasma. The mRNA expression of ADPN in the liver (P < 0.05), breast (P < 0.05) and thigh (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression of ADPNR1 in the liver (P < 0.05) and duodenum (P < 0.05) were significantly increased in the Fasted group. All above phenomena were recovered after refeeding, suggesting that feed restriction may promote the utilization of fatty acids in active metabolism tissues through ADPN, to guarantee the energy homeostasis of the body. However, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and hepatic lipid metabolism were not necessary to cause the above changes under this experimental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxue Cai
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Hu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.
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Sharif M, Rahman MAU, Ahmed B, Abbas RZ, Hassan FU. Copper Nanoparticles as Growth Promoter, Antioxidant and Anti-Bacterial Agents in Poultry Nutrition: Prospects and Future Implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3825-3836. [PMID: 33216319 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital trace mineral involved in many physiological functions of the body. In the poultry industry, copper sulfate is being used as a major source of Cu. Copper in the bulk form is less available in the body, and much of its amount excreted out with feces causing environmental pollution and economic loss. The application of nanotechnology offers promise to address these issues by making nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) are relatively more bioavailable due to their small size and high surface to volume ratio. Although, there is limited research on the use of Cu-NP in the poultry industry. Some researchers have pointed out the importance of Cu-NP as an effective alternative of chemical, anti-bacterial agents, and growth promoters. The effect of Cu-NP depends on their size, dose rate and the synthesis method. Apart from there, high bioavailability Cu-NP exhibited positive effects on the immunity of the birds. However, some toxic effects of Cu-NP have also been reported. Further investigations are essentially required to provide mechanistic insights into the role of Cu-NP in the avian physiology and their toxicological properties. This review aims to highlight the potential effects of Cu-NP on growth, immune system, antioxidant status, nutrient digestibility, and feed conversion ratio in poultry. Moreover, we have also discussed the future implications of Cu-NP as a growth promoter and alternative anti-bacterial agents in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sharif
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Bilal Ahmed
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Liu YS, Zhang YY, Xing T, Li JL, Wang XF, Zhu XD, Zhang L, Gao F. Glucose and lipid metabolism of broiler chickens fed diets with graded levels of corn resistant starch. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:599-607. [PMID: 32456457 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1774511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of graded levels of dietary corn resistant starch (RS) on glucose and lipid metabolism of broilers. 2. A total of 320 male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres, one-day-old) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments, including a corn-soybean control diet, a corn-soybean based diet containing 20% corn starch, and three diets containing 4%, 8% and 12% RS by replacing corn starch with 6.67%, 13.33% and 20% Hi-Maize® 260 (identified as control, RS1, RS2, RS3 and RS4, respectively). Each treatment contained eight replicates with eight birds, and the experiment lasted 42 days. 3. Birds fed RS diets showed lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) at d 21 and 42 of age, compared to the control. Lower (P < 0.05) hepatic apolipoprotein B concentration and citrate synthase (CS) activity, as well as a higher (P < 0.05) glycogen synthase (GS) concentration were observed in birds fed RS diets than those in the control group at d 21 of age. Consuming RS diets linearly increased (P < 0.01) serum glucose concentration, and linearly decreased (P < 0.01) NEFA concentrations in broilers at d 21 and 42 of age. Liver GS concentration and activities of hexokinase, pyruvate and CS were linearly increased (P < 0.01) in broilers at d 21 of age, but were linearly decreased (P < 0.05) in birds at d 42 of age in response to the increase of dietary RS levels. Feeding RS diets linearly decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA expressions of PC, PPARα and CPT-1 at d 21 of age and the mRNA expressions of SREBP-1 c, ChREBP, ACC and FAS at d 42 of age, and linearly increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of PEPCK, PC, LKB1, AMPKα1, PPARα, CPT-1 and L-FABP at d 42 of age. 4. Feeding broilers with diets containing higher concentration of RS promoted hepatic lipolysis and gluconeogenesis through activated AMPK signalling pathway and accelerated whole-body energy expenditures in the grower phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - T Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - X F Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - X D Zhu
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee, Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China
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10
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Park JH, Kim IH. The effects of betaine supplementation in diets containing different levels of crude protein and methionine on the growth performance, blood components, total tract nutrient digestibility, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of the broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6808-6815. [PMID: 31347674 PMCID: PMC8913992 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of betaine supplementation on growth performance, blood components, nutrient digestibility, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broiler chickens were examined using different dietary crude protein (CP) and methionine (Met) levels. A total of 768 Ross 308 broiler chickens were allotted to four treatments, with 12 replications of each treatment conducted over 6 wk. Treatments were factorially designed, with 2 levels of CP [Starter: CP 21% (low Met) and 23% (high Met); Finisher: CP 18% (low Met) and 20% (high Met)] and 2 levels of betaine supplementation (0 and 0.12%). Body weight gain and feed conversion improved significantly as dietary levels of protein increased (P < 0.05), but the results for betaine supplementation differed. The concentrations of serum total protein, albumin, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were elevated by either the supplementary betaine or the CP (P < 0.05). In addition, serum albumin concentration significantly increased in groups fed low CP amounts and betaine 0.12% compared with groups fed low CP only (P < 0.05). Total tract digestibility of nitrogen in broilers fed high CP amounts or 0.12% betaine, was observed to be greater than that in groups fed low CP amounts or no betaine treatment (P < 0.05). Supplemental betaine affected excreta ammonia gas emission, and hydrogen sulfide concentrations decreased significantly in low CP-fed groups (P < 0.05). Breast meat quality and relative organ weights were not influenced by CP levels or dietary betaine supplementation. These results suggest that betaine does not increase productivity, but may affect serum total protein, albumin, GPx, excreta ammonia emission, and nitrogen digestibility in broiler chickens. In addition, betaine supplementation is more effective in increasing serum albumin concentration when it was added in low CP (low Met) diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Jariyahatthakij P, Chomtee B, Poeikhampha T, Loongyai W, Bunchasak C. Effects of adding methionine in low-protein diet and subsequently fed low-energy diet on productive performance, blood chemical profile, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Jariyahatthakij P, Chomtee B, Poeikhampha T, Loongyai W, Bunchasak C. Methionine supplementation of low-protein diet and subsequent feeding of low-energy diet on the performance and blood chemical profile of broiler chickens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects were investigated of supplementing methionine (Met) in a low-crude protein diet (Low-CP+Met) during Days 11–24 post-hatch and subsequent feeding with a low-metabolisable energy diet (Low-ME; –0.31 MJ/kg) during Days 25–42 on the productive performance and blood chemistry profile of broiler chickens. The 1600 broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed as follows: (1) Control diet; (2) Low-CP (Met deficiency) diet during Days 11–24, then re-feeding with conventional diet; (3) Low-CP+Met diet during days 11–24, then re-feeding with conventional diet; and (4) Low-CP+Met+Low-ME diet (Low-CP+Met diet during Days 11–24, then re-feeding with Low-ME diet). During Days 11–24, the growth performance of the Control group was better than the other groups (P < 0.01), although the Low-CP+Met diet improved bodyweight, feed conversion ratio and improved the protein conversion ratio compare to the Low-CP group (P < 0.01). During the re-feeding phase (Days 25–42), reducing the dietary energy resulted in better growth performance and a better protein conversion ratio and energy conversion ratio than in the Control group (P < 0.05). Triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol in serum were higher, and non-esterified fatty acid was lower in the Control group than those of the Low-CP+Met+Low-ME group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, reducing dietary protein with balanced amino acids during the grower period and subsequent feeding with a low-energy diet promoted productive performance, improved protein utilisation and reduced fat accumulation via increasing lipolysis and/or disruption of the triglyceride transportation in broiler chickens.
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Fang J, Martínez Y, Deng C, Zhu D, Peng H, Jiang H, Li A. Effects of dietary enzymolysis products of wheat gluten on the growth performance, serum biochemical, immune, and antioxidant status of broilers. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1332009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yordan Martínez
- Study Center of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Granma, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba
| | - Changjian Deng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanhui Peng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Cereals & Oils Nutrition Research Group, Academy of Science & Technology of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Scott A, Vadalasetty KP, Łukasiewicz M, Jaworski S, Wierzbicki M, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Effect of different levels of copper nanoparticles and copper sulphate on performance, metabolism and blood biochemical profiles in broiler chicken. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e364-e373. [PMID: 28608638 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of copper administration in ovo to chicken embryos and/or supplied in drinking water to growing chickens in the form copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) or copper sulphate (CuSO4 ). The fertilised eggs were assigned to three groups (n = 50 per group): control (not injected), injected with 50 mg/kg Cu-NP or with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 at day 1 of incubation. Thereafter, 126 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to seven post-hatched groups: control not injected and not provided with Cu in the drinking water, injected with 50 mg/kg Cu-NP + 20 mg/kg in water, not injected + 20 mg/kg Cu-NP in water, injected with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 + 20 mg/kg in water, not injected + 20 mg/kg CuSO4 in water, injected with 50 mg/kg Cu-NP and injected with 50 mg/kg CuSO4 . The experiment was carried out from day 1 to 35 post-hatching. The in ovo injection of Cu improved the final body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in relation to the control group. Conversely, the provision of Cu in the drinking water had less of an effect on growth performance in comparison with the injected groups. A significant improvement was shown in energy and nitrogen utilisation, being better for Cu-NP than CuSO4 . The cholesterol, urea and glucose levels in the blood were reduced by Cu-NP treatment in relation to the other groups. The relative weight of the liver was decreased, while bursa of Fabricius was increased in Cu groups in relation to the control group. Cu excretion was only reduced in chickens injected with 50 mg/kg Cu-NP + 20 mg/kg in water. The immune-related genes were not affected by the treatments. The in ovo injection of Cu-NP might improve broiler performance more efficiently than the injection of CuSO4 or the provision of Cu-NP and/or CuSO4 in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scott
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - K P Vadalasetty
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M Łukasiewicz
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - E Sawosz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Yang H, Yang Z, Wang Z, Wang W, Huang K, Fan W, Jia T. Effects of Early Dietary Energy and Protein Dilution on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Internal Organs of Broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Jalali SMA, Rabiei R, Kheiri F. Effects of dietary soybean and sunflower oils with and without L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Arch Anim Breed 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-387-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. An experiment was designed to investigate the effects of soybean, sunflower oil and dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance, some blood biochemical parameters and antibody titer against Newcastle disease of broiler chicks. A 5-week feeding trial, 240 1-day old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments as a 3 × 2 factorial experimental design where three sources of dietary oil contained soybean, sunflower and soybean plus sunflower oil with and without 120 mg kg−1 of L-carnitine supplementation in the diet. Results showed that soybean oil with L-carnitine significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks in the grower and total period of rearing (p < 0.05). L-carnitine supplementation significantly increased total protein, globulin, cholesterol, HDL and LDL (high- and low-density lipoprotein) of blood serum in broiler chicks (p < 0.05). L-carnitine supplementation increased antibody titer against Newcastle disease of chicks and the highest levels were observed in those with the supplement of L-carnitine in the soybean oil dietary treatment. Results of this experiment showed that the growth performance and blood biochemical responses of broiler chicks to dietary supplementation with L-carnitine in dietary oil source and soybean oil, in comparison to sunflower oil, is the better plant oil for growth and immunological performance of broiler chicks.
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Shabani S, Seidavi A, Asadpour L, Corazzin M. Effects of physical form of diet and intensity and duration of feed restriction on the growth performance, blood variables, microbial flora, immunity, and carcass and organ characteristics of broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bortoluzzi C, Fernandes JIM, Contini JP, Gurski TJ, Esser AFG, Prokoski K. Quantitative feed restriction from 35 to 42 days of age for broiler chickens. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402013000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of feed restriction in broilers aged from 35 to 42 days, on the performance, carcass parameters and intensity of lesions at slaughter. A total of 1,225 one-day old chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and were grown over a 34-days period (five weeks). At 34 days of age all birds were weighed and redistributed into a completely randomized design to perform the following treatments: control (0% feed restriction), 10, 20, 30 or 40% feed restriction. The amount of feed given to animals was adjusted daily according to the previous day's intake of the control treatment. At 42 days, birds were weighed and two birds per pen were slaughtered, one to evaluate carcass yield and cuts and the other for body composition analysis. Weight gain and feed intake were decreased linearly (p<0.05) according to increasing levels of restriction, while the feed:gain ratio showed a quadratic effect (p<0.05). The hot eviscerated carcass weight decreased linearly (p<0.05) according to increasing levels of restriction, without effects on the carcass, breast and thigh yield. The dry matter and fat of the carcass decreased and the crude protein increased (p<0.05), according to levels of restriction. We conclude that feed restriction of 2.5% in the last week of life can improve the feed efficiency of poultry, when there is a higher accumulation of fat in the carcass.
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Wang JW, Chen W, Kang XT, Huang YQ, Tian YD, Wang YB. Identification of differentially expressed genes induced by energy restriction using annealing control primer system from the liver and adipose tissues of broilers. Poult Sci 2012; 91:972-8. [PMID: 22399737 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Female Arbor Acre broilers were divided into 2 groups at 18 d of age. One group of chickens had free access to feed (AL), and the other group of chickens had 30% energy restriction (ER). Adipose and hepatic RNA samples were collected at 48 d of age. We employed an accurate reverse-transcription (RT) PCR method that involves annealing control primers to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEG) between ER and AL groups. Using 20 annealing control primers, 43 differentially expressed bands (40 downregulated and 3 upregulated in the ER group) were detected from the hepatic tissue, whereas no differentially expressed bands were detected from the adipose tissue. It seems that energy restriction could induce more DEG in hepatic tissue than that in adipose tissue and could result in more gene-expression downregulation in hepatic tissue. Eight DEG (6 known and 2 unknown genes) were gained from hepatic tissue and confirmed by RT-PCR, which were all supported by released expressed sequence tag sequences. Their expressions were all downregulated by energy restriction in hepatic tissues. Six known genes are RPL7, RPLP1, FBXL12, ND1, ANTXR2, and SLC22A18, respectively, which seem to play essential roles in the protein translation, energy metabolism, and tumor inhibition. The alterations of gene expression in 3 selected genes, including ND1 (P < 0.01), FBXL12 (P < 0.01), and RPLP1 (P < 0.05), were supported by real-time quantitative RT-PCR reaction. Our data provide new insights on the metabolic state of broilers changed by energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, PR China
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Effect of Energy Restriction on Growth, Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Parameters and Lpin2/WDTC1/mRNA Expressionof Broilers in the Later Phase. J Poult Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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