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Ma S, Zhang K, Shi S, Li X, Che C, Chen P, Liu H. Low-protein diets supplemented with isoleucine alleviate lipid deposition in broilers through activating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathways. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102441. [PMID: 36599221 PMCID: PMC9823210 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isoleucine (Ile) on growth performance, meat quality and lipid metabolism of broilers fed a low-protein diet (LPD). The 396 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were allocated to 4 treatment groups as follows: control diet (CON), LPD, LPD + 0.13% Ile (LPD-LI) and LPD + 0.26% Ile (LPD-HI), with nine replicates of 11 broilers each for 42 d. The Ile increased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, fiber density and the mRNA level of myosin heavy chain (MyHC)-I in breast muscle, and decreased feed to gain ratio, shear force, fiber diameter and the mRNA level of MyHC-IIb in breast muscle, which were impaired by the LPD. Compared to the LPD group, broilers in LPD-LI and LPD-HI groups had lower serum lipid levels, liver fat content, abdominal adipose percentage and mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, ki-67, topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase 2 in abdominal adipose and liver X receptors-α, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in liver, and higher mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 (CPT-1), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) in liver, which were equal to the CON levels. A LPD supplemented with Ile decreased enzyme activities of ACC and FAS in liver and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and TOP2A in abdominal adipose, and increased enzyme activities of CPT-1 and ACOX1 in liver. Furthermore, Ile supplementation enhanced the mRNA level of leptin receptor and protein levels of phospho-5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein 70 S6 kinase, janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and decreased the protein level of SREBP1 in the liver of broilers in LPD group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Ile to 0.83% could improve growth performance and meat quality and alleviate lipid deposition of broilers fed a LPD through activating AMPK and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shuyan Shi
- Qingdao Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chuanyan Che
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Determining the optimal digestible isoleucine to lysine ratio of Ross 708 × Ross YP male broilers from 14 to 28 days of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bergen WG. Amino Acids in Beef Cattle Nutrition and Production. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1285:29-42. [PMID: 33770401 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Proteins have been recognized for a long time as an important dietary nutritional component for all animals. Most amino acids were isolated and characterized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Initially dietary proteins were ranked high to low quality by growth and N balance studies. By the 1950s interest had shifted to studying the roles of individual amino acids in amino acid requirements by feeding studies with non-ruminants as rodents, poultry and pigs. The direct protein feeding approaches followed by measurements of nutritional outcomes were not possible however in ruminants (cattle and sheep). The development of measuring free amino acids by ion exchange chromatography enabled plasma amino acid analysis. It was thought that plasma amino acid profiles were useful in nutritional studies on proteins and amino acids. With non-ruminants, nutritional interpretations of plasma amino acid studies were possible. Unfortunately with beef cattle, protein/amino acid nutritional adequacy or requirements could not be routinely determined with plasma amino acid studies. In dairy cows, however, much valuable understanding was gained from amino acid studies. Concurrently, others studied amino acid transport in ruminant small intestines, the role of peptides in ruminant N metabolism, amino acid catabolism (in the animal) with emphasis on branched-chain amino acid catabolism. In addition, workable methodologies for studying protein turnover in ruminants were developed. By the 1990s, nutritionists could still not determine amino acid requirements with empirical experimental studies in beef cattle. Instead, computer software (expert systems) based on the accumulated knowledge in animal and ruminal amino acids, energy metabolism and protein production were realized and revised frequently. With these tools, the amino acid requirements, daily energy needs, ruminal and total gastrointestinal tract digestion and performance of growing beef cattle could be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner G Bergen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Maynard CW, Liu SY, Lee JT, Caldas J, Diehl EJJ, Rochell SJ, Kidd MT. Determining the 4th limiting amino acid in low crude protein diets for male and female Cobb MV × 500 broilers. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:695-702. [PMID: 32551967 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1782348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Four experiments were conducted to determine the 4th limiting amino acid (AA) in maize-soybean meal-based diets. 2. Deletion assay methodology was used to quantify performance and carcase trait responses to potential deficiencies in essential and conditionally essential AA caused by reductions in dietary crude protein of maize-soybean meal-based diets from 202.9 to 186.5 g/kg. 3. The deletion of Val, Phe and Gly + Pro resulted in negative effects on live performance and carcase traits for male broilers, whereas AA deletion only affected wing weights for females with no response on live performance. 4. Further experimentation could not duplicate a response to Phe or Pro in male broilers. 5. Valine was identified as the potential 4th limiting AA in maize-soybean meal-based diets and was not found to be co-limiting with Ile.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Maynard
- Centre of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - S Y Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney , Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - J T Lee
- CJ America - Bio, Downers Grove , IL, USA
| | - J Caldas
- Cobb-Vantress , Siloam Springs, AR, USA
| | | | - S J Rochell
- Centre of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M T Kidd
- Centre of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Viana GS, Barreto SLT, Muniz JCL, Arnaut PR, Santana LC, Alves WJ, Hannas MI, Tizziani T. Optimum Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Isoleucine to Lysine Ratio for Meat-Type Quails in the Growing-Finishing Phase. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GS Viana
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - JCL Muniz
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - PR Arnaut
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - LC Santana
- Instituto Federal Sudeste de Minas, Brasil
| | - WJ Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | - MI Hannas
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
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Ospina-Rojas IC, Murakami AE, Duarte CRA, Eyng C, Oliveira CAL, Janeiro V. Valine, isoleucine, arginine and glycine supplementation of low-protein diets for broiler chickens during the starter and grower phases. Br Poult Sci 2015; 55:766-73. [PMID: 25269797 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.970125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Two experiments were performed to study the supplementation of valine, isoleucine, arginine and glycine (Val, Ile, Arg, Gly) in low-protein diets for broiler chickens in the starter (1-21 d; Exp. 1) and grower (22-42 d; Exp. 2) phases. 2. A low-crude protein (CP) diet was formulated to meet the requirements of all amino acids (AA) supplied by the control diet except for Val, Ile, Arg and Gly. The other experimental diets were obtained by the isolated or combined supplementation of the studied AA in the low-CP diet. 3. Growth, serum parameters and litter characteristics were taken in both of the experiments. Carcass measurements were taken in Experiment 2. 4. In the starter and grower phases, low-CP diets without supplementation resulted in birds with a poorer weight gain and feed conversion than those of the birds that received the control diet. 5. In the starter phase, individual supplementation with Val and Gly, but not Ile and Arg, restored the weight gain of the birds, while diets with the addition of Val + Gly, Val + Ile + Arg, Val + Ile + Gly and Val + Ile + Arg + Gly restored their feed conversion. 6. In the grower phase, weight gain was re-established at the same rate as the control diet for the diets supplemented with Val + Ile, Val + Ile + Arg, Val + Ile + Gly and Val + Ile + Arg + Gly. However, the feed conversion was restored only in birds that received the diet supplemented with all studied AA. 7. The supplementation of Val and Gly in low-CP diets was sufficient to avoid adverse effects in the performance and serum parameters of broilers in the starter phase. However, birds in the grower phase required the combined supplementation of Val, Ile, Arg and Gly, to prevent compromised performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Ospina-Rojas
- a Department of Animal Science , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Maringá , Brazil
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Karau A, Grayson I. Amino acids in human and animal nutrition. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 143:189-228. [PMID: 24676880 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are key components of human and animal nutrition, both as part of a protein-containing diet, and as supplemented individual products. In the last 10 years there has been a marked move away from the extraction of amino acids from natural products, which has been replaced by efficient fermentation processes using nonanimal carbon sources. Today several amino acids are produced in fermentation plants with capacities of more than 100,000 tonnes to serve the requirements of animal feed and human nutrition. The main fermentative amino acids for animal nutrition are L-lysine, L-threonine, and L-tryptophan. DL-Methionine continues to be manufactured for animal feed use principally by chemical synthesis, and a pharmaceutical grade is manufactured by enzymatic resolution. Amino acids play an important role in medical nutrition, particularly in parenteral nutrition, where there are high purity requirements for infusion grade products. Amino acids are also appearing more often in dietary supplements, initially for performance athletes, but increasingly for the general population. As the understanding of the effects of the individual amino acids on the human metabolism is deepened, more specialized product mixtures are being offered to improve athletic performance and for body-building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karau
- Evonik Industries AG, Business Line Health Care, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany,
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Application of metabolic engineering for the biotechnological production of l-valine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5859-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kidd M, Tillman P, Waldroup P, Holder W. Feed-grade amino acid use in the United States: The synergetic inclusion history with linear programming. J APPL POULTRY RES 2013. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2012-00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Dozier W, Tillman P, Usry J. Interactive effects of digestible valine- and isoleucine-to-lysine ratios provided to male broilers from 4 to 6 weeks of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2012-00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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