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Adetunji A, Casey T, Aryal UK, Ogundare T, Franco J, Fasina Y. Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD) Treatment Affects Spleen Proteome in Broiler Chicks Infected with Salmonella enteritidis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:414. [PMID: 38786142 PMCID: PMC11117299 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD), as a feed additive to poultry diets, enhances digestion, prevents Salmonella enteritidis (SE) colonization, and treats current infections. The objective of this study was to utilize a quantitative proteomic approach to determine the effect of BMD feed additive on broiler chickens challenged with SE in the spleen proteome. At 1 d of age, chicks were randomly allocated into four groups: control with and without SE challenge (CON, n = 60; CON-SE, n = 60), BMD with and without SE challenge (BMD, n = 60; BMD-SE, n = 60). Birds in the CON-SE and BMD-SE treatment were administered SE inoculum by oral gavage. On day three and day seven post-gavage, the spleen was collected aseptically from birds in each treatment group (CON, n = 4/day; CON-SE, n = 4/day; BMD, n = 4/day; BMD-SE, n = 4/day). Proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed an increased abundance of 115 proteins and decreased of 77 due to the BMD. Proteins that decreased in abundance were enriched for fibrinogen complex and extracellular space, whereas proteins that increased in abundance were enriched for proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process and mitochondrion. Analysis of the interaction between BMD and the Salmonella challenge found 230 differentially abundant proteins including proteins associated with RNA binding, spliceosome, protein transport, and cell adhesion among the upregulated proteins, and those associated with protein folding, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of nucleotide sugars, response to oxidative stress, positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling, and inflammatory response among the downregulated proteins. The impact of BMD treatment on spleen proteome indicates an anti-apoptotic effect. BMD also modified the response of the spleen to the SE challenge with a marked decrease in proteins that prompt cytokine synthesis and an increase in proteins involved in the selective removal of unfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedeji Adetunji
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (A.A.)
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tunde Ogundare
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (A.A.)
| | - Jackeline Franco
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yewande Fasina
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (A.A.)
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Salem HM, Saad AM, Soliman SM, Selim S, Mosa WFA, Ahmed AE, Al Jaouni SK, Almuhayawi MS, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, El-Saadony MT. Ameliorative avian gut environment and bird productivity through the application of safe antibiotics alternatives: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102840. [PMID: 37478510 PMCID: PMC10393590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The avian digestive tract is an important system for converting ingested food into the nutrients their bodies need for maintenance, growth, and reproduction (meat, table eggs, and fertile eggs). Therefore, preserving digestive system integrity is crucial to bird health and productivity. As an alternative to antibiotics, the world has recently turned to the use of natural products to enhance avian development, intestinal health, and production. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to explain the various characteristics of the avian digestive tract and how to enhance its performance with natural, safe feed additives such as exogenous enzymes, organic acids, photogenic products, amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and herbal extracts. In conclusion, the composition of the gut microbiome can be influenced by a number of circumstances, and this has important consequences for the health and productivity of birds. To better understand the connection between pathogens, the variety of therapies available, and the microbiome of the gut, additional research needs to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Soliman M Soliman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Lal MK, Sharma E, Tiwari RK, Devi R, Mishra UN, Thakur R, Gupta R, Dey A, Lal P, Kumar A, Altaf MA, Sahu DN, Kumar R, Singh B, Sahu SK. Nutrient-Mediated Perception and Signalling in Human Metabolism: A Perspective of Nutrigenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911305. [PMID: 36232603 PMCID: PMC9569568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between selective nutrients and linked genes involving a specific organ reveals the genetic make-up of an individual in response to a particular nutrient. The interaction of genes with food opens opportunities for the addition of bioactive compounds for specific populations comprising identical genotypes. The slight difference in the genetic blueprints of humans is advantageous in determining the effect of nutrients and their metabolism in the body. The basic knowledge of emerging nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics can be applied to optimize health, prevention, and treatment of diseases. In addition, nutrient-mediated pathways detecting the cellular concentration of nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, lipids, and metabolites are integrated and coordinated at the organismal level via hormone signals. This review deals with the interaction of nutrients with various aspects of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics along with pathways involved in nutrient sensing and regulation, which can provide a detailed understanding of this new leading edge in nutrition research and its potential application to dietetic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Rajni Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | | | - Richa Thakur
- Division of Silviculture and Forest Management, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Rucku Gupta
- Department of horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 181101, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar GT Road (NH1), Phagwara 144402, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 754006, India
| | | | - Durgesh Nandini Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.K.S.)
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Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, El-Naggar K, Madkour M. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in poultry nutrition: An updated review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2014288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M. Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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Chen Y, Hu S, Li J, Zhao B, Yang N, Zhou T, Liang S, Bai S, Wu X. Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate Improves Intestinal Health by Modulating Its Development and Microbiota in Weaned Rabbits. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:579006. [PMID: 34248860 PMCID: PMC8267888 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.579006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and agricultural animals, especially newborns and weaned animals. Preventive treatments that help weaned animals maintain homeostasis and balance the hindgut microbial populations are desirable. The present study aimed to explore the impact of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on the intestinal health by analyzing the intestinal environment, morphology, expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), and flora of weaned rabbits. A total of 300 New Zealand weaned rabbits were randomly divided into the following five treatment groups for a 35-day feed trial: control group (basal diet), bacitracin zinc (BZ) group (50 mg/kg BZ), BMDa group (100 mg/kg BMD), BMDb group (50 mg/kg BMD), and BMDc group (rabbits fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg BMD). In each treatment group, 28 rabbits were slaughtered for experimental analysis. The results showed that the supplementation of BMD increased the environmental acidity of the cecum of the weaned rabbits and reduced the ammonia-nitrogen concentration, which was beneficial to the survival of useful bacteria in the intestine. The morphology analysis of the duodenum using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the villus length, villus/crypt ratio, and intestinal wall thickness increased in the BMD group, thereby improving the structure of the duodenum and the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction test showed that PGRPs (especially PGLYRP-1 and PGLYRP-2) in the intestinal had an antagonistic effect with BMD in the process of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, resulting in their decreased expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, through 16S rRNA sequencing in the cecal content, the abundance of the predominant phyla in the BMDa and BZ groups was found to be the closest. The abundance of the genera Lachnospira, Erysipelotrichaceae (p-75-a5), Paraprevotellaceae (YRC22), Mogibacterium, Peptococcaceae (rc4-4), Anaerovibrio, Succinivibrio, and Sphaerochaeta increased in the BMDa and BZ groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Alistipes, Sedimentibacter, and Dorea significantly increased only in the BMDa group (P < 0.05). Conclusively, BMD, as well as microbes, improved the intestinal environment and structure to maintain the intestinal health of weaned rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bohao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Naisu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaocheng Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Mannan rich fraction from yeast modulates inflammatory responses in intestinal cells (HT-29) exposed toEscherichia coli. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2019.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMannan from yeast has been demonstrated to limit infection in animals susceptible to gastrointestinal infection, including pigs, poultry and cows, by blocking the mechanism by which gram-negative bacteria adhere to and invade the intestines. EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) cause post weaning diarrhoea (PWD) which results in poor weight gain and potential death at great economic cost to the farmer. A mannan rich fraction (MRF) was assessedin vitrofor its impact on ETEC infection of HT-29 intestinal cell line. Gene expression markers for inflammation (TNFαandIL-1β) and TLR4 (TICAM-1andLY96) associated recognition of bacteria were significantly elevated following exposure toE. colialone, but not in combination with MRF compared to the control. HT-29 cells exposed to MRF alone demonstrated significantly reduced expression of immune signalling genesIRAK1,IRF7andJUNwhen compared to the control. HT-29 cell protein abundance for TNFα and TLR4 associated proteins were significantly increased in response toE. coliexposure alone while no significant change was observed for MRF treatment withE. coliinfection.E. coliadhesion to HT-29 cells was significantly decreased with addition of MRF compared toE. coliinfection alone. The action of MRF demonstrated its potential capacity to limit infection on anin vitrolevel through blocking bacterial interaction with the intestines that leads to infection as marked by a reduction in proinflammatory responses. MRF on its own demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal cells with the reduction of proinflammatory responses observed.
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Zampiga M, Flees J, Meluzzi A, Dridi S, Sirri F. Application of omics technologies for a deeper insight into quali-quantitative production traits in broiler chickens: A review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:61. [PMID: 30214720 PMCID: PMC6130060 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is continuously facing substantial and different challenges such as the increasing cost of feed ingredients, the European Union's ban of antibiotic as growth promoters, the antimicrobial resistance and the high incidence of muscle myopathies and breast meat abnormalities. In the last decade, there has been an extraordinary development of many genomic techniques able to describe global variation of genes, proteins and metabolites expression level. Proper application of these cutting-edge omics technologies (mainly transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) paves the possibility to understand much useful information about the biological processes and pathways behind different complex traits of chickens. The current review aimed to highlight some important knowledge achieved through the application of omics technologies and proteo-genomics data in the field of feed efficiency, nutrition, meat quality and disease resistance in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via del Florio, 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Joshua Flees
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Adele Meluzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via del Florio, 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via del Florio, 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
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Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 18:26-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252316000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the increase in regulations regarding the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the rise in consumer demand for poultry products from ‘Raised Without Antibiotics’ or ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ flocks, the quest for alternative products or approaches has intensified in recent years. A great deal of research has focused on the development of antibiotic alternatives to maintain or improve poultry health and performance. This review describes the potential for the various alternatives available to increase animal productivity and help poultry perform to their genetic potential under existing commercial conditions. The classes of alternatives described include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, antimicrobial peptides, hyperimmune egg antibodies, bacteriophages, clay, and metals. A brief description of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of their uses are also presented. Though the beneficial effects of many of the alternatives developed have been well demonstrated, the general consensus is that these products lack consistency and the results vary greatly from farm to farm. Furthermore, their mode of action needs to be better defined. Optimal combinations of various alternatives coupled with good management and husbandry practices will be the key to maximize performance and maintain animal productivity, while we move forward with the ultimate goal of reducing antibiotic use in the animal industry.
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Loor JJ, Vailati-Riboni M, McCann JC, Zhou Z, Bionaz M. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Nutrigenomics in livestock: Systems biology meets nutrition. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:5554-74. [PMID: 26641165 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput technologies to study an animal's genome, proteome, and metabolome (i.e., "omics" tools) constituted a setback to the use of reductionism in livestock research. More recent development of "next-generation sequencing" tools was instrumental in allowing in-depth studies of the microbiome in the rumen and other sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Omics, along with bioinformatics, constitutes the foundation of modern systems biology, a field of study widely used in model organisms (e.g., rodents, yeast, humans) to enhance understanding of the complex biological interactions occurring within cells and tissues at the gene, protein, and metabolite level. Application of systems biology concepts is ideal for the study of interactions between nutrition and physiological state with tissue and cell metabolism and function during key life stages of livestock species, including the transition from pregnancy to lactation, in utero development, or postnatal growth. Modern bioinformatic tools capable of discerning functional outcomes and biologically meaningful networks complement the ever-increasing ability to generate large molecular, microbial, and metabolite data sets. Simultaneous visualization of the complex intertissue adaptations to physiological state and nutrition can now be discerned. Studies to understand the linkages between the microbiome and the absorptive epithelium using the integrative approach are emerging. We present examples of new knowledge generated through the application of functional analyses of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data sets encompassing nutritional management of dairy cows, pigs, and poultry. Published work to date underscores that the integrative approach across and within tissues may prove useful for fine-tuning nutritional management of livestock. An important goal during this process is to uncover key molecular players involved in the organismal adaptations to nutrition.
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Torrecillas S, Montero D, Caballero MJ, Pittman KA, Custódio M, Campo A, Sweetman J, Izquierdo M. Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides: Counteracting the Side Effects of Soybean Meal Oil Inclusion on European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Gut Health and Skin Mucosa Mucus Production? Front Immunol 2015; 6:397. [PMID: 26300883 PMCID: PMC4525062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of 4 g kg(-1) dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) inclusion in soybean oil (SBO)- and fish oil (FO)-based diets on the gut health and skin mucosa mucus production of European sea bass juveniles after 8 weeks of feeding. Dietary MOS, regardless of the oil source, promoted growth. The intestinal somatic index was not affected, however dietary SBO reduced the intestinal fold length, while dietary MOS increased it. The dietary oil source fed produced changes on the posterior intestine fatty acid profiles irrespective of MOS dietary supplementation. SBO down-regulated the gene expression of TCRβ, COX2, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, TGFβ, and Ig and up-regulated MHCII. MOS supplementation up-regulated the expression of MHCI, CD4, COX2, TNFα, and Ig when included in FO-based diets. However, there was a minor up-regulating effect on these genes when MOS was supplemented in the SBO-based diet. Both dietary oil sources and MOS affected mean mucous cell areas within the posterior gut, however the addition of MOS to a SBO diet increased the mucous cell size over the values shown in FO fed fish. Dietary SBO also trends to reduce mucous cell density in the anterior gut relative to FO, suggesting a lower overall mucosal secretion. There are no effects of dietary oil or MOS in the skin mucosal patterns. Complete replacement of FO by SBO, modified the gut fatty acid profile, altered posterior gut-associated immune system (GALT)-related gene expression and gut mucous cells patterns, induced shorter intestinal folds and tended to reduce European sea bass growth. However, when combined with MOS, the harmful effects of SBO appear to be partially balanced by moderating the down-regulation of certain GALT-related genes involved in the functioning of gut mucous barrier and increasing posterior gut mucous cell diffusion rates, thus helping to preserve immune homeostasis. This denotes the importance of a balanced dietary n-3/n-6 ratio for an appropriate GALT-immune response against MOS in European sea bass juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maria José Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Marco Custódio
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurora Campo
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Torrecillas S, Montero D, Caballero MJ, Robaina L, Zamorano MJ, Sweetman J, Izquierdo M. Effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides supplementation on growth, gut mucosal immune system and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:508-516. [PMID: 25447638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study assesses the effects of dietary concentrated mannan oligosaccharides (cMOS) on fish performance, biochemical composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, liver and posterior gut morphology and gen expression of selected parameters involved on the intestinal immune response and liver lipid metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). For that purpose, specimens of 20 g were fed during 8 weeks at 0 and 1.6 g kg(-1) dietary cMOS of inclusion in a commercial sea bass diet. Dietary cMOS enhanced fish length, specific and relative growth without affecting tissue proximate composition. However, cMOS supplementation altered especially liver and muscle fatty acid profiles by reducing levels of those fatty acids that are preferential substrates for β-oxidation in spite of a preferential retention of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), such as 20:4n-6 or 22:5n-6, in relation to the down-regulation of delta 6/5 desaturase gene expression found in liver. Besides, dietary cMOS supplementation reduced posterior gut intestinal folds width and induced changes on the gene expression level of certain immune-related genes mainly by down regulating transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and up-regulating immunoglobulin (Ig), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), T cell receptor β (TCRβ) and Caspase 3 (Casp-3). Thus, dietary cMOS inclusion at 0.16% promoted European sea bass specific growth rate and length, stimulated selected cellular GALT-associated parameters and affected lipid metabolism in muscle and liver pointing to a higher LC-PUFA accumulation and promoted β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Maria José Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Lidia Robaina
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Zamorano
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - John Sweetman
- Alltech Aqua, Samoli, Livadi, 28200 Lixouri, Cephalonia, Greece
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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Powell D, McFarland D, Cowieson A, Muir W, Velleman S. The effect of nutritional status on myogenic gene expression of satellite cells derived from different muscle types. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2278-88. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Comparison of performance and intestinal morphology of broilers using step-down supplementation with a mannan-rich fraction versus bacitracin methylene disalicylate. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryTwo experiments were conducted to compare effects of utilising step-down dosing of a mannan-rich fraction (MRF) of yeast cell wall or the antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP) bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) when chicks were raised on built-up litter. Chicks were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups (12 pen replicates; 50 birds per pen): basal diet (control) or basal diet plus MRF (Actigen™; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) or BMD (Alpharma Inc., Fort Lee, NJ). In experiment two, intestinal morphology and litter scores were determined on d 42. In experiment one, MRF and BMD increased BW gain at d 21 and d 42 compared with control (P ≤ 0.05) and d 42 BW was greater in BMD birds than controls (P ≤ 0.05). Adjusted FCRs were lower in MRF and BMD birds from d 0 to d 42 (P = 0.06). In experiment two, there was no effect of treatment on d 21 BW, but MRF and BMD improved adjusted FCR (P = 0.02) compared with control. By d 35, both MRF and BMD birds had greater BWs than controls (P = 0.04). At d 42, MRF-supplemented birds had greater BW than controls (P ≤ 0.05). D 35 and d 42 FCR improved with MRF or BMD compared with control (P ≤ 0.01). Litter conditions improved (P ≤ 0.05) when birds were fed diets with BMD and MRF compared with control-fed birds. Jejunal morphology, including villi height (P ≤ 0.05), villi height: crypt depth ratio (P ≤ 0.05), and goblet cell numbers (P ≤ 0.05) improved with MRF and BMD compared with control. Both MRF and BMD improved broiler performance, potentially related to the improvements observed in intestinal morphology. In conclusion, step-down supplementation with MRF may offer a potential alternative to AGP to improve performance in broilers raised in commercial settings.
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