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van Eck L, Schouten A, Powell S, Lamot D, Enting H, Kwakkel R. The effect of diet density on allometry in pullet growth and early egg production. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103211. [PMID: 37980735 PMCID: PMC10665930 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effect of nutrition on pullet growth curves and body composition may help to design new feeding strategies that influence body composition and (long-term) laying performance. Therefore, this study examined the effect of nutrient density (low, medium or high metabolizable energy and essential amino acids), fed in the rearing phase until 17 wk of age, on Hy-Line white W80 pullet growth, body composition development and egg production performance until wk 35. Data were subjected to mixed model analyses. To determine a multiphasic allometric relationship between body components, an overall growth curve was established and inflection points were determined. The linear higher BW at the end of the rearing phase, due to increased diet density, was maintained during the peak production phase until wk 35. Egg production parameters were not affected by rearing diet density. Breast and body crude protein percentages were not influenced by dietary treatments, whereas body crude fat and abdominal fat pad percentages were linearly increased with diet density from early age onward. Body crude protein was initially deposited at the same rate as body dry matter. In a second phase of growth from wk 12 onward, crude protein deposition was lower than body dry matter deposition, but was not influenced by rearing diet. Body crude fat, on the other hand, initially grew at a lower rate than body dry matter, but increased in deposition rate during a second phase of growth starting at wk 2 to 5. Pullets fed the high density diet showed higher deposition of crude fat vs. dry matter as compared to pullets fed the medium density diets in the first phase until wk 2, but exhibited lower crude fat deposition in the second phase until wk 8. These results indicate that until approximately wk 12, crude protein deposition was mainly driving growth and was not influenced by diet density. From wk 5 to 6 onward, crude fat deposition relative to protein deposition increased and this was influenced by diet density from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieske van Eck
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, NL-5334 LD Velddriel, the Netherlands; Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Adele Schouten
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, NL-5334 LD Velddriel, the Netherlands
| | - Syrena Powell
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, NL-5334 LD Velddriel, the Netherlands
| | - David Lamot
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, NL-5334 LD Velddriel, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Enting
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Innovation Center, NL-5334 LD Velddriel, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Kwakkel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Ouyang Q, Hu S, Tang B, Hu B, Hu J, He H, Li L, Wang J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Effect of Lipid Metabolism on Laying of Geese. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141775. [PMID: 35883321 PMCID: PMC9311715 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The importance of lipid metabolism in the egg production of poultry has been widely reported. Meanwhile, geese have lower egg production and unique lipid metabolism patterns compared with chicken and duck. It is of great significance to further improve egg laying performance to explore the differences of fat metabolism and the molecular mechanisms in geese with different egg laying performance. This study compared the phenotypic differences of liver and abdominal fat, as well as the transcriptome level differences of liver, abdominal fat, and ovarian stroma among high-, low-, and no-egg production groups. The results reveal that lipid metabolism regulated by the circadian rhythm of the liver may directly or indirectly affect ovarian function through the inflammation and hormone secretion of abdominal fat. Abstract The lower egg production of geese (20~60 eggs per year) compared with chicken and duck limits the development of the industry, while the yolk weight and fatty liver susceptibility of geese was higher than that of other poultry. Therefore, the relationship between lipid metabolism and the laying performance of geese remains to be explored. Phenotypically, we observed that the liver fat content of the high-, low-, and no-egg production groups decreased in turn, while the abdominal fat weight increased in turn. For transcriptional regulation, the KEGG pathways related to lipid metabolism were enriched in all pairwise comparisons of abdominal fat and liver through functional analysis. However, some KEGG pathways related to inflammation and the circadian rhythm pathway were enriched by DEGs only in abdominal fat and the liver, respectively. The DEGs in ovarian stroma among different groups enriched some KEGG pathways related to ovarian steroidogenesis and cell adhesion. Our research reveals that lipid metabolism regulated by the circadian rhythm of the liver may directly or indirectly affect ovarian function through the inflammation and hormone secretion of abdominal fat. These results offer new insights into the regulation mechanisms of goose reproductive traits.
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da Nóbrega IPT, Reis MDP, Morillo FAH, de Freitas LFVB, Bittencourt LC, Fernandes JBK, Sakomura NK. Dynamics of Growth and Egg Traits in Three Dietary Balanced Protein Scenarios Applied for Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111371. [PMID: 35681839 PMCID: PMC9179259 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to investigate the impact of three dietary balanced protein levels on laying hens, during the rearing and laying phases. The performance and body composition were monitored at 7, 11, 15, and 18 weeks old, while for the laying phase the responses were monitored every 28 days, from 19–102 weeks of age. The dietary protein applied in this study did not affect the responses evaluated in the rearing phase, but it clearly affected the long-term egg production. Overall, the egg production of hens consuming a high protein diet was superior compared to hens in the lower protein group and similar results were observed for body weight and body composition. The benefits of this study were to demonstrate the dynamic traits of laying hens in the long-term egg production cycle in three dietary balanced protein scenarios as similar data could not be found elsewhere. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate laying hens from 8 to 102 weeks old, regarding their changes in performance, body composition, and egg components produced in three scenarios of nutrition. Three treatments designed to contain different levels of balanced protein (BP) were randomly assigned to the experimental units, performing ten replicates per treatment with 20 birds each. A standard feed was formulated to meet hen requirements and the ideal ratio between essential amino acids. Then, two experimental feeds were formulated to contain 20% above or below the dietary BP used in the standard feed. The responses evaluated were cumulated feed intake (g), daily feed intake (g/day), body weight (g), body composition (g of protein, fat, and ash), hen-housed egg production (%/hen-housed), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g), and egg components (percentages of yolk, albumen, and eggshell). The dietary BP influenced the body composition, egg production, egg weight, and egg mass of white laying hens. The increase in dietary BP was related to an increase in body contents and egg weight, whereas hens consuming the low dietary balanced protein presented a lower body weight, leaner, and produced smaller eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingryd Palloma Teodósio da Nóbrega
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (I.P.T.d.N.); (M.d.P.R.); (F.A.H.M.); (L.F.V.-B.d.F.); (J.B.K.F.)
| | - Matheus de Paula Reis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (I.P.T.d.N.); (M.d.P.R.); (F.A.H.M.); (L.F.V.-B.d.F.); (J.B.K.F.)
| | - Freddy Alexander Horna Morillo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (I.P.T.d.N.); (M.d.P.R.); (F.A.H.M.); (L.F.V.-B.d.F.); (J.B.K.F.)
| | - Luis Filipe Villas-Bôas de Freitas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (I.P.T.d.N.); (M.d.P.R.); (F.A.H.M.); (L.F.V.-B.d.F.); (J.B.K.F.)
| | | | - João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (I.P.T.d.N.); (M.d.P.R.); (F.A.H.M.); (L.F.V.-B.d.F.); (J.B.K.F.)
| | - Nilva Kazue Sakomura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (I.P.T.d.N.); (M.d.P.R.); (F.A.H.M.); (L.F.V.-B.d.F.); (J.B.K.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1632097448
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Comparison of Changes in the Plumage and Body Condition, Egg Production, and Mortality of Different Non-Beak-Trimmed Pure Line Laying Hens during the Egg-Laying Period. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020500. [PMID: 33671858 PMCID: PMC7918532 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The spread of both alternative and non-cage laying hen housing systems and the more forceful European refusal of beak trimming generate new problems in commercial egg production. The hybrid layers, which have been genetically selected under cage housing conditions for more decades, have lively temperament, are more susceptible for feather pecking and, in more cases, they are expressly aggressive, which led to permanent conflict situations in the large group keeping systems. Therefore, the omission of beak trimming could lead to an increased risk for feather pecking and consequently to a risk for increased mortality in the hen house by using the current commercial layers. Therefore, changes in the live weight, plumage and body condition, egg production, and mortality of different TETRA pure line non-beak-trimmed laying hens were compared during the egg-production period in our study, where the plumage condition was considered as an indicator trait for feather pecking. Our results confirm the findings of former studies that the genetic background of the hens is an important factor impacting feather pecking and suggest that breeding for an improved plumage condition might be a potential way to improve animal welfare in non-beak-trimmed layer flocks. Abstract The experiment was carried out with altogether 1740 non-beak-trimmed laying hens, which originated from Bábolna TETRA Ltd., representing two different types (Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Rhode Island White (RIW)) and four different lines (Lines 1–2: RIR, Lines 3–4: RIW). The plumage and body condition of randomly selected 120 hens (30 hens/line) was examined at 20, 46, and 62 weeks of age. The egg production and the mortality of the sampled hens were recorded daily. Based on the results, it was established that the lines differ clearly in most of the examined traits. It was also pointed out that injurious pecking of the hens resulted not only in damages in the plumage but also in the body condition. The results obviously demonstrated that the highest egg production and the lowest mortality rate were reached by those hens, which had the best plumage and body condition. Because the occurrence of injurious pecking seems to depend on the genetic background, selection of the hens (lines, families, individuals) for calm temperament will be very important in the future in order to maintain the high production level in non-beak-trimmed layer flocks.
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Liu G, Zeng M, Li X, Rong Y, Hu Z, Zhang H, Liu X. Expression and analysis of ESR1, IGF-1, FSH, VLDLR, LRP, LH, PRLR genes in Pekin duck and Black Muscovy duck. Gene 2020; 769:145183. [PMID: 33007371 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the influence of egg-laying regulatory genes on egg production in ducks at different laying stages, Pekin duck and Black Muscovy duck were used in this study, including early laying stage (20-30 weeks old), peak laying period (31-48 weeks old) and late laying stage (49-66 weeks old). Relative quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA transcription level of selected egg-laying regulatory genes in the ovary tissues of ducks at different laying stages. Study shows: during the laying period of Pekin duck, ESR1, LRP1, IGF-1 and LHR were involved in the regulation of egg-laying, and the high expression of LRP1 in the late stage could inhibit egg production. Still, the expression products of the other three genes showed promoting effect. During the laying period of Black Muscovy duck, FSH, VLDLR, IGF-1, PRLR, LHR and LRP1 participated in the regulation of egg-laying, in which the expression products of the first five genes could promote egg production, while LRP1 showed inhibitory effect. Through our experiments, these data will provide strong theoretical support for the breeding of Pekin duck and Black Muscovy duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mingfei Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xingxing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Rong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Yang L, Mo C, Adetula AA, Elokil AA, Akbar Bhuiyan A, Huang T, Li S. Bilateral apex pubis distance:a novel index for follicular development and egg laying status in domestic hens ( Gallus gallus domesticus). Br Poult Sci 2019; 61:195-199. [PMID: 31774308 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1697429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Measures of the bilateral apex pubis (BAP) in White Leghorn (WLH) hens aged from 16 to 64 weeks (from the time ovaries were completely undeveloped to senility) were ranked into various groups so the relationship between external traits (BAP distance, comb length, comb height, wattle length, wattle height, body weight) and internal traits (largest ovarian follicle diameter (LFD) and oviduct weight and length) could be determined.2. Using correlation and regression analysis with data from 16 weeks of age to the onset of lay, measurements of the apex pubis showed a strong correlation with LFD (r = 0.80, P < 0.01) and oviduct weight (r = 0.80, P < 0.01).3. Multiple comparisons among WLH hens from 16 to 43 weeks of age showed that the BAP distance increased in all groups ranked by LFD or by laying period.4. In the late laying period (>60 weeks of age), BAP distance showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in long-term non-laying hens compared to laying hens.5. These findings suggest BAP distance can serve as an index for evaluating the onset and probable stages of follicular development during sexual maturation and/or aid in the identification and selection of non-laying hens during reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - C Mo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Poultry Breeding, Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co. Ltd, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - A A Adetula
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - A A Elokil
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - A Akbar Bhuiyan
- Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - T Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - S Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Donkó T, Tischler A, Csóka Á, Kovács G, Emri M, Petneházy Ö, Szabó A, Halas V, Tossenberger J, Garamvölgyi R, Bajzik G. Estimation of bone mineral density and breaking strength of laying hens based on scans of computed tomography for body composition analysis. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:365-370. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1471662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Donkó
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - A. Tischler
- Institute of Nutrition and Product Development Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Á. Csóka
- Health Center, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - G. Kovács
- Analytical Minds Ltd., Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M. Emri
- Research Department, Medicopus Nonprofit Ltd, Kaposvár, Hungary
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ö. Petneházy
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - A. Szabó
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
- “MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain” Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - V. Halas
- Institute of Nutrition and Product Development Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - J. Tossenberger
- Institute of Nutrition and Product Development Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - R. Garamvölgyi
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - G. Bajzik
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
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