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Aldi GA, Svicher A, Cosci F. Validation of the Italian Version of the Cognitive Distortion Scale as a Measure of Cognitive Bias in a Non-clinical Sample. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-019-00324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Van Tilburg WAP, Igou ER. Going to political extremes in response to boredom. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric R. Igou
- Department of Psychology; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
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Burke SE, LaFrance M. Lay Conceptions of Sexual Minority Groups. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:635-50. [PMID: 26597649 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bisexual people are often implored to "pick a side," implying that bisexuality is both more controllable and less desirable than heterosexuality or homosexuality. Bisexual people's status as a social group perceived to fall between a traditionally advantaged group and a traditionally disadvantaged group may have the potential to clarify lay conceptions of sexual orientation. We examined participants' views of groups varying in sexual orientation by randomly assigning participants (including heterosexual men and women as well as gay men and lesbian women) from four samples to evaluate heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual targets (N = 1379). Results provided strong evidence for the previously untested theoretical argument that bisexuality is perceived as less stable than heterosexuality or homosexuality. In addition, participants low in Personal Need for Structure rated female (but not male) bisexuality as relatively stable, suggesting that a preference for simple, binary thinking can partially explain a negative conception of an ostensibly "intermediate" identity. Bisexual targets were perceived as falling between heterosexual and homosexual targets in terms of gender nonconformity, and less decisive, less monogamous, and lacking in positive traits that were associated with homosexual targets. In sum, views of bisexual people were both more negative than and qualitatively different from views of gay men and lesbian women. We discuss the results as an illustration of the complex ways that perceivers' attitudes can differ depending on which target groups they are considering, suggesting that intergroup bias cannot be fully understood without attending to social categories viewed as intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Burke
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Marianne LaFrance
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Costa AB, Bandeira DR, Nardi HC. Systematic review of instruments measuring homophobia and related constructs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Brandelli Costa
- Institute of Psychology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Caetano Nardi
- Institute of Psychology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Preciado MA, Peplau LA. Self-perception of Same-sex Sexuality Among Heterosexual Women: Association with Personal Need for Structure. SELF AND IDENTITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2010.515720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cavazos JT, Judice-Campbell N, Ditzfeld CP. Differing emotional sensitivities in the two factors of personal need for structure. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Juhl J, Routledge C. Structured Terror: Further Exploring the Effects of Mortality Salience and Personal Need for Structure on Worldview Defense. J Pers 2010; 78:969-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kemmelmeier M. Gender moderates the impact of need for structure on social beliefs: Implications for ethnocentrism and authoritarianism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 45:202-11. [DOI: 10.1080/00207591003587705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Green MS, Murphy MJ, Blumer MLC. Marriage and family therapists' comfort working with lesbian and gay male clients: the influence of religious practices and support for lesbian and gay male human rights. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2010; 57:1258-1273. [PMID: 21058146 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2010.517072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore potential influences on marriage and family therapists' comfort level when working with lesbian and gay male clients, including sex, age, race, sexual orientation, political orientation, religious practices of the therapist, as well as the level of support for lesbian and gay male human rights. Participants in this study were 199 experienced therapists. Results indicated that higher levels of religious practices were related to lower levels of support for lesbian and gay male human rights and to lower levels of comfort working with lesbian and gay male clients. When support for lesbian and gay male human rights was considered, the level of religious practices was no longer predictive of comfort working with lesbian and gay male clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Green
- Department of Family Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA.
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Jost JT, Federico CM, Napier JL. Political Ideology: Its Structure, Functions, and Elective Affinities. Annu Rev Psychol 2009; 60:307-37. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1019] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T. Jost
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York 10003; ,
| | - Christopher M. Federico
- Departments of Psychology and Political Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455;
| | - Jaime L. Napier
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York 10003; ,
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Stoever CJ, Morera OF. A confirmatory factor analysis of the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG) measure. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2007; 52:189-209. [PMID: 17594977 DOI: 10.1300/j082v52n03_09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay men (ATLG; Herek, 1988) hypothesizes that individuals can have feelings of sexual prejudice toward gay men and lesbians. No research has confirmed the hypothesized factor structure of the ATLG. This study tested four possible factor structures for the ATLG. Results indicate that the hierarchical factor model provided a good description of the ATLG items. A measure of total sexual prejudice was derived. From the hierarchical structure, a measure representing the difference in sexual prejudice toward gay men and lesbians was also computed. Increased religious involvement and the etiology of homosexuality were statistical predictors of overall sexual prejudice, while decreased religious involvement and gender were statistical predictors of differential sexual prejudice toward gay men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby J Stoever
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Abstract
Analyzing political conservatism as motivated social cognition integrates theories of personality (authoritarianism, dogmatism-intolerance of ambiguity), epistemic and existential needs (for closure, regulatory focus, terror management), and ideological rationalization (social dominance, system justification). A meta-analysis (88 samples, 12 countries, 22,818 cases) confirms that several psychological variables predict political conservatism: death anxiety (weighted mean r = .50); system instability (.47); dogmatism-intolerance of ambiguity (.34); openness to experience (-.32); uncertainty tolerance (-.27); needs for order, structure, and closure (.26); integrative complexity (-.20); fear of threat and loss (.18); and self-esteem (-.09). The core ideology of conservatism stresses resistance to change and justification of inequality and is motivated by needs that vary situationally and dispositionally to manage uncertainty and threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Jost
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
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Mazur MA, Emmers-Sommer TM. The effect of movie portrayals on audience attitudes about nontraditional families and sexual orientation. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2002; 44:157-179. [PMID: 12856761 DOI: 10.1300/j082v44n01_09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of motion pictures about the family on viewers' attitudes about family life and sexual orientation. Viewers were randomly assigned to view either Father of the Bride II (control group) or Object of My Affection (treatment group). Viewers' attitudes toward nontraditionalism and homosexuality were assessed before and after viewing their respective film. Treatment and control groups significantly differed in their attitudes toward nontraditionalism, but did not significantly differ in their attitudes toward homosexuals after viewing their respective films. However, the treatment group experienced more favorable attitudes toward homosexuals than the control group after viewing the film. Gender differences were also observed. Men were less tolerant of homosexuals and held fewer nontraditional beliefs about the family than women. Implications and discussion follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mazur
- Department of Communication, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73019, USA.
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Blanchard-Fields F, Hertzog C, Stein R, Pak R. Beyond a stereotyped view of older adults' traditional family values. Psychol Aging 2001; 16:483-96. [PMID: 11554525 DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.16.3.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Structural equation models for predictors of traditional family values regarding relationships were examined in 2 samples: undergraduate students and adults ranging widely in age (23-86 years). Predictor variables included verbal ability, need for cognition, need for closure, intolerance for ambiguity, religiosity, and gender orientation. The models accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in traditional family values (64% for students, 63% for adults). Findings provide little support for common stereotypes regarding age and gender differences in traditionalism. Instead, 3 individual-differences variables predicted traditional family values: need for closure, religiosity, and verbal ability. Outcomes argue for the need to identify multiple mechanisms by which personal characteristics such as need for closure and religiosity influence traditionalism in social belief systems and argue against reliance on status variables such as age and gender as explanatory variables for these beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blanchard-Fields
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0170, USA.
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