Synthesis and antioxidant activity of some pyrazole-based heterocycles using a 2(3H)-furanone building block

Antioxidant activity, molecular docking, and modeling pharmacokinetics study of some benzo[f]quinoline candidates

Benzoquinolines were found in many pharmaceuticals and natural products and were utilized as templates for the synthesis of many drugs. Thus, 3-(3-chlorobenzo[f]quinolin-2-yl)-2-(4-oxo-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-2-yl)acrylonitrile was prepared as a key building substrate, using arylidene ethyl cyanoacetate derivative 3, and reacted with diverse mono- and bi-dentate nitrogen nucleophiles aiming to construct new heterocycles based on a benzo[f]quinoline core, for example quinazolinone, imidazoline, oxadiazolinone, and benzimidazole derivatives. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated, using ascorbic acid as a reference, and revealed the highest potency of benzimidazole derivative 19, which may be attributed to the aromaticity and extended conjugation. These findings were supported by in silico studies. A molecular docking simulation was performed to disclose the modes of interactions of benzimidazole 19 toward HCV NS5B polymerase. It exhibited a binding energy greater than that of co-crystallized ligand, referring to strong binding to certain key nucleobases and amino acids (CYS 366 and ASN 411) of HCV NS5B polymerase through hydrogen bonding and pi-hydrogen interactions, revealing its potential usage as an antioxidant agent. DFT simulation for the active compounds were studied to determine the molecular geometry and frontier orbitals of the potent compounds. Regarding ADME simulation, compounds 3, 9, and 17 exhibited a high GI absorption and good bioavailability score of 0.85, 0.55, and 0.55, respectively. The variance in GI absorption might depict the differences in observed antioxidant efficacy of compounds. Also, they showed gastrointestinal tract (GIT) absorption due to their being in the BOILED-EGG chart white area. The potent compounds 3, 9, 13, 17, and 19 exhibited fair TPSA and predicted to exhibit good passive oral absorption.

Innovative Pyrazole Hybrids: A New Era in Drug Discovery and Synthesis

Heterocyclic compounds that include nitrogen and their derivatives have long been regarded as excellent sources of medicinal substances. Pyrazole is a compound with two nitrogen atoms and an aromatic structure. It has several uses and intricate stereochemistry arranged in a five-membered ring. The knowledge of different pyrazole derivatives and their range of physiological and pharmacological actions has grown significantly in recent years. The scientific community has recently increasingly focused on exploring the chemistry of various pyrazole hybrids due to their enhanced biological activities. This review investigates the chemistry of these diverse pyrazole hybrids, emphasizing their synthesis and their antidiabetic, antibacterial, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Articles published from 2014 onward with an emphasis on the last 5 years are included in this review. This review is anticipated to be useful for future investigations and innovative concepts in the pursuit of designs for creating more promising hybrids of pyrazoles.

Synthesis and Biological Applications of Coumarinyl-Chalcones

Abstract:

This survey provides information on the synthesis and biological applications of coumarinyl-chalcones. Chalcones are unsaturated ketones involving the reactive ketoethylenic group (CO-CH=CH). Chalcones are naturally abundant in many medical plants, including vegetables, fruits, and foods. Natural and synthetic chalcone compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of biological properties like anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antioxidant, antimalarial, and antimicrobial. Some conventional, microwave, and grinding techniques have been utilized for the synthesis of chalcones. Noteworthy, the Claisen- Schmidt condensation reaction remains the most popular and effective method for synthesis. It summarizes information about its synthetic methods as building blocks in some reactions like cyclization reactions and medical applications. This review article presents an overview of approaches and biological data for chalcones bearing a coumarin scaffold.

Synthesis and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity of some pyrazole-based heterocycles using a 2(3H)-furanone derivative

Some pyrazole-based heterocycles such as pyrrolone, pyridazinone, and imidazole derivatives were synthesized utilizing the pyrazolyl-2(3H )-furanone derivative 3 , which was obtained in a good yield via Perkin condensation of 5-chloro-4-formyl-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole with 3-(4-methylbenzoyl)propionic acid in the presence of cyclo-dehydrating agent (sodium acetate and acetic anhydride). Also, the acid hydrazide obtained was reacted with some carbonyl reagents such as acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and 1,3-diphenyl-4-formylpyrazole, aiming to achieve new pyrrolone derivatives. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activity screening of some synthesized compounds demonstrated that some of them offered strong potencies. An experimental trial was undertaken to explore the effect of different substances and applied against avian influenza HPAI-H5N1 (AIV) to evaluate the antiviral replication in specific pathogen-free chicken embryos. All the compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities, and most of tested compounds showed potent inhibition growth activity toward Haemophilus (Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), and Candida albicans fungus. Upon antimicrobial screening, it was observed that the majority of the compounds were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus , Haemophilus , and Candida albicans as compared to standard drugs. This experiment shows the potential usage of these compounds as antiviral agents and can be considered as a viable means to control the economically important avian influenza of poultry. These compounds can thus be recommended for their antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal property and can very well be used as immunostimulants.