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Chaufer M, Delille R, Bourel B, Maréchal C, Lauro F, Mauzac O, Roth S. Review of non-penetrating ballistic testing techniques for protection assessment: From biological data to numerical and physical surrogates. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2024; 238:383-402. [PMID: 38415326 DOI: 10.1177/09544119241232122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Human surrogates have long been employed to simulate human behaviour, beginning in the automotive industry and now widely used throughout the safety framework to estimate human injury during and after accidents and impacts. In the specific context of blunt ballistics, various methods have been developed to investigate wound injuries, including tissue simulants such as clays or gelatine ballistic, physical dummies and numerical models. However, all of these surrogate entities must be biofidelic, meaning they must accurately represent the biological properties of the human body. This paper provides an overview of physical and numerical surrogates developed specifically for blunt ballistic impacts, including their properties, use and applications. The focus is on their ability to accurately represent the human body in the context of blunt ballistic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chaufer
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory Carnot of Bourgogne-Site UTBM, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Belfort, France
| | - Rémi Delille
- Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, CNRS, UMR 8201, LAMIH, Laboratoire d'Automatique de Mécanique et d'Informatique Industrielles et Humaines, Valenciennes, France
| | - Benjamin Bourel
- Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, CNRS, UMR 8201, LAMIH, Laboratoire d'Automatique de Mécanique et d'Informatique Industrielles et Humaines, Valenciennes, France
| | - Christophe Maréchal
- Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, CNRS, UMR 8201, LAMIH, Laboratoire d'Automatique de Mécanique et d'Informatique Industrielles et Humaines, Valenciennes, France
| | - Franck Lauro
- Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, CNRS, UMR 8201, LAMIH, Laboratoire d'Automatique de Mécanique et d'Informatique Industrielles et Humaines, Valenciennes, France
- Insa Hauts-de-France, Valenciennes, France
| | - Olivier Mauzac
- French Ministry of Interior, CREL/DEPAFI, Place Beauvau, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Roth
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory Carnot of Bourgogne-Site UTBM, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Belfort, France
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Singh G, Chanda A. Mechanical properties of whole-body soft human tissues: a review. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34587593 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac2b7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of soft tissues play a key role in studying human injuries and their mitigation strategies. While such properties are indispensable for computational modelling of biological systems, they serve as important references in loading and failure experiments, and also for the development of tissue simulants. To date, experimental studies have measured the mechanical properties of peripheral tissues (e.g. skin)in-vivoand limited internal tissuesex-vivoin cadavers (e.g. brain and the heart). The lack of knowledge on a majority of human tissues inhibit their study for applications ranging from surgical planning, ballistic testing, implantable medical device development, and the assessment of traumatic injuries. The purpose of this work is to overcome such challenges through an extensive review of the literature reporting the mechanical properties of whole-body soft tissues from head to toe. Specifically, the available linear mechanical properties of all human tissues were compiled. Non-linear biomechanical models were also introduced, and the soft human tissues characterized using such models were summarized. The literature gaps identified from this work will help future biomechanical studies on soft human tissue characterization and the development of accurate medical models for the study and mitigation of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Chanda
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
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