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A study of structure-activity relationship and anion-controlled quinolinyl Ag(I) complexes as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents as well as their interaction with macromolecules. Biometals 2022; 35:363-394. [PMID: 35275314 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we feature the synthesis and in-depth characterization of a series of silver(I) complexes obtained from the complexation of quinolin-4-yl Schiff base ligands ((E)-2-((quinolin-4-ylmethylene)amino)phenol La, 2-(quinolin-4-yl)benzo[d]thiazole Lb, (E)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(quinolin-4-yl)methanimine Lc, (E)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(quinolin-4-yl)methanimine Ld, (E)-1-(quinolin-4-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)methanimine Le, (E)-1-(quinolin-4-yl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)methanimine Lf) and three different silver(I) anions (nitrate, perchlorate and triflate). Structurally, the complexes adopted different coordination geometries, which included distorted linear or distorted tetrahedral geometry. The complexes were evaluated in vitro for their potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In addition, their interactions with calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were evaluated. All the complexes had a wide spectrum of effective antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and good antioxidant properties. The interactions of the complexes with CT-DNA and BSA were observed to occur either through intercalation or through a minor groove binder, while the interaction of the complexes with BSA reveals that some of the complexes can strongly quench the fluorescence of BSA through the static mechanism. The molecular docking studies of the complexes were also done to further elucidate the modes of interaction with CT-DNA and BSA.
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Adeleke AA, Zamisa SJ, Islam MS, Olofinsan K, Salau VF, Mocktar C, Omondi B. Quinoline Functionalized Schiff Base Silver (I) Complexes: Interactions with Biomolecules and In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051205. [PMID: 33668169 PMCID: PMC7956476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of fifteen silver (I) quinoline complexes Q1-Q15 have been synthesized and studied for their biological activities. Q1-Q15 were synthesized from the reactions of quinolinyl Schiff base derivatives L1-L5 (obtained by condensing 2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde with various aniline derivatives) with AgNO3, AgClO4 and AgCF3SO3. Q1-Q15 were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and the structures of [Ag(L1)2]NO3Q1, [Ag(L1)2]ClO4Q6, [Ag(L2)2]ClO4Q7, [Ag(L2)2]CF3SO3Q12 and [Ag(L4)2]CF3SO3Q14 were unequivocally determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro antimicrobial tests against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed the influence of structure and anion on the complexes' moderate to excellent antibacterial activity. In vitro antioxidant activities of the complexes showed their good radical scavenging activity in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Complexes with the fluorine substituent or the thiophene or benzothiazole moieties are more potent with IC50 between 0.95 and 2.22 mg/mL than the standard used, ascorbic acid (2.68 mg/mL). The compounds showed a strong binding affinity with calf thymus-DNA via an intercalation mode and protein through a static quenching mechanism. Cytotoxicity activity was examined against three carcinoma cell lines (HELA, MDA-MB231, and SHSY5Y). [Ag(L2)2]ClO4Q7 with a benzothiazole moiety and [Ag(L4)2]ClO4Q9 with a methyl substituent had excellent cytotoxicity against HELA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola A. Adeleke
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye 120107, Nigeria
| | - Sizwe J. Zamisa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville 4001, South Africa;
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (M.S.I.); (K.O.); (V.F.S.)
| | - Kolawole Olofinsan
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (M.S.I.); (K.O.); (V.F.S.)
| | - Veronica F. Salau
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (M.S.I.); (K.O.); (V.F.S.)
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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Adeleke AA, Islam MS, Olofinsan K, Salau VF, Mocktar C, Omondi B. Evaluation of substituent bioactivity and anion impact of linear and T-shaped silver( i) pyridinyl complexes as potential antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrobial agents and DNA- and BSA-binders. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ligand substituents and anion variation on the bio-activity of pyridinyl Ag(I) complexes was evaluated. The complexes showed potential therapeutic ability with notable anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola A. Adeleke
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, P. M. B. 2002, Nigeria
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Kolawole Olofinsan
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F. Salau
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Adeleke AA, Islam MS, Sanni O, Mocktar C, Zamisa SJ, Omondi B. Aryl variation and anion effect on CT-DNA binding and in vitro biological studies of pyridinyl Ag(I) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 214:111266. [PMID: 33166866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of five ligands ((E)-2-((pyridin-2-ylmethylene)amino)phenol L1, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole L2, (E)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine L3, (E)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)methanimine L4 and (E)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)methanimine L5 along with fifteen silver(I) complexes of L1 - L5, with a general formula [AgL2]+X- (L = Schiff base and X = NO3-, ClO4- or CF3SO3-) is reported. The structures of complexes [Ag(L4)2]NO3, [Ag(L5)2]NO3, [Ag(L3)2]ClO4, [Ag(L4)2]ClO4 and [Ag(L5)2]CF3SO3 were determined unequivocally by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Calf-thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies, antioxidant, and antibacterial studies were performed for all complexes. Complexes [Ag(L2)2]NO3, [Ag(L5)2]NO3, [Ag(L1)2]ClO4 and [Ag(L3)2]ClO4 whose ligands have an OH- and F- as substituents or with a thiophene or thiazole moiety showed better antibacterial activities with lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to the standard ciprofloxacin, against most of the bacterial strains tested. Similarly, complexes [Ag(L1)2]NO3,[Ag(L2)2]NO3,[Ag(L3)2]NO3 and [Ag(L5)2]NO3 with the NO3- anion, [Ag(L1)2]ClO4 and [Ag(L2)2]ClO4 with ClO4- anion, and [Ag(L5)2]CF3SO3 with CF3SO3- anion showed higher activities for antioxidant studies. Complexes [Ag(L4)2]ClO4 and [Ag(L4)2]CF3SO3 with the Methyl substituent and CF3SO3- as the anion, displayed high antioxidant activities in FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) than the standard ascorbic acid. Spectroscopic studies of all the complexes revealed their moderate to high interaction with calf thymus DNA via an intercalation mode. In addition, the relatively moderate interaction of most of the complexes with BSA was through a static quenching mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola Abimbola Adeleke
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Olakunle Sanni
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sizwe J Zamisa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Westville 4001, South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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A Ni(II) derivative incorporating tetradentate Schiff base precursor: Structure, spectral, electrochemical and DFT interpretation. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Cheng Q, Zhang F, Zhou H, Pan Z, Liao G. DNA cleavage activities of two dinuclear copper coordination polymers. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1032272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q.R. Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - F.Q. Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - H. Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Z.Q. Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - G.Y. Liao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, PR China
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Gupta SK, Anjana C, Sen N, Butcher RJ, Jasinski JP, Golen JA. An unusual hydroxy-substituted mononuclear nickel(II) complex with a tetradentate Schiff base: Synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, crystallography, DNA binding, and theoretical investigation. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Shahabadi N, Falsafi M, Moradi Fili S. Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling, and DNA interaction studies of a Cu(II) complex containing drug of chronic hepatitis B: adefovir dipivoxil. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1013945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Shahabadi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Monireh Falsafi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soraya Moradi Fili
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Reddy PR, Shilpa A. Oxidative and hydrolytic DNA cleavage by Cu(II) complexes of salicylidene tyrosine schiff base and 1,10 phenanthroline/bipyridine. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Hasnain S, Zulfequar M, Nishat N. Metal-containing polyurethanes from tetradentate Schiff bases: synthesis, characterization, and biocidal activities. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.559230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Hasnain
- a Materials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - M. Zulfequar
- b Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nahid Nishat
- a Materials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi 110025, India
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Kulkarni NV, Revankar VK. Synthesis, antimicrobial screening, and DNA-binding/cleavage of new pyrazole-based binuclear CoII, NiII, CuII, and ZnII complexes. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.555537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen V. Kulkarni
- a Department of Studies in Chemistry , Karnatak University , Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidyanand K. Revankar
- a Department of Studies in Chemistry , Karnatak University , Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
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Parmar N, Barad H, Pansuriya B, Patel R. Chelation and extraction of copper(II) with 5-pyrazolone-based Schiff bases. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.553675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.J. Parmar
- a Department of Chemistry , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388 120, Dist. Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - H.A. Barad
- a Department of Chemistry , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388 120, Dist. Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - B.R. Pansuriya
- a Department of Chemistry , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388 120, Dist. Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - R.A. Patel
- a Department of Chemistry , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388 120, Dist. Anand, Gujarat, India
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13
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Raman N, Selvan A. Studies on DNA binding, electrochemical activation, DNA photocleavage, and biopotency of N and O donor bidentate ligands with Cu(II), Co(II), and Zn(II). J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.551767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Raman
- a Research Department of Chemistry , VHNSN College, Madurai Kamaraj University , Virudhunagar 626 001, India
| | - A. Selvan
- a Research Department of Chemistry , VHNSN College, Madurai Kamaraj University , Virudhunagar 626 001, India
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Keypour H, Shayesteh M, Nematollahi D, Valencia L, Rudbari HA. Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical study of two new macroacyclic Schiff bases and their copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.527963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Keypour
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan 65174, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayesteh
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan 65174, Iran
| | | | - Laura Valencia
- b Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química , Universidade de Vigo , 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Hadi Amiri Rudbari
- c Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica , Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Universita' di Messina , 98166 Messina, Italy
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Nair S, Verma V, Verma C, Jain T, Tripathi S, Singh R, Gupta S, Butcher R. Synthesis and structure of mononuclear copper(II) complexes with acyclic Schiff-base ligands containing organotellurium substituents: a comparative study with selenium analogs. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.529497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nair
- a Department of Chemistry , Disha Institute of Management and Technology , Raipur, India
| | - V.K. Verma
- a Department of Chemistry , Disha Institute of Management and Technology , Raipur, India
| | - C.S. Verma
- a Department of Chemistry , Disha Institute of Management and Technology , Raipur, India
| | - T.A. Jain
- a Department of Chemistry , Disha Institute of Management and Technology , Raipur, India
| | - S.K. Tripathi
- b MOCVD Division, Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment , Kanpur, India
| | - R. Singh
- c ER and IPR Cell, Defence Research and Development Organization , New Delhi, India
| | - S.K. Gupta
- d School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University , Gwalior, India
| | - R.J. Butcher
- e Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Howard University , Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Roy S, Mandal TN, Das K, Butcher RJ, Rheingold AL, Kumar Kar S. Syntheses, characterization, and X-ray crystal structures of two cis-dioxovanadium(V) complexes of pyrazole-derived, Schiff-base ligands. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.499457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Roy
- a Department of Chemistry , University College of Science , 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata–700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarak Nath Mandal
- a Department of Chemistry , University College of Science , 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata–700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Kinsuk Das
- b Department of Chemistry , Haldia Government College, Debhog , Purba Midnapur–721657, West Bengal, India
| | - Ray J. Butcher
- c Department of Chemistry , Howard University , 2400 Sixth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- d Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Susanta Kumar Kar
- a Department of Chemistry , University College of Science , 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata–700 009, West Bengal, India
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Sharma N, Kumari M, Kumar V, Chaudhry S, Kanwar S. Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of oxovanadium(IV)hydroxamate complexes. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.495986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sharma
- a Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Meena Kumari
- a Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, India
| | - S.C. Chaudhry
- a Department of Chemistry , Himachal Pradesh University , Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, India
| | - S.S. Kanwar
- b Department of Biotechnology , Himachal Pradesh University , Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, India
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Li R, Huang F, Jiang X, Liu M, Song Y, Liu H, Zhang J. Catalase-like catalytic reaction of the dinuclear manganese–salen complex. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.483611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Huang
- b Department of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yanying Song
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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