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Aspatwar A, Tolvanen MEE, Barker H, Syrjänen L, Valanne S, Purmonen S, Waheed A, Sly WS, Parkkila S. Carbonic Anhydrases in Metazoan Model Organisms: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1327-1383. [PMID: 35166161 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past three decades, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, and Caenorhabditis elegans have been the primary model organisms used for the study of various biological phenomena. These models have also been adopted and developed to investigate the physiological roles of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs). These proteins belong to eight CA families and are identified by Greek letters: α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι. Studies using model organisms have focused on two CA families, α-CAs and β-CAs, which are expressed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with species-specific distribution patterns and unique functions. This review covers the biological roles of CAs and CARPs in light of investigations performed in model organisms. Functional studies demonstrate that CAs are not only linked to the regulation of pH homeostasis, the classical role of CAs but also contribute to a plethora of previously undescribed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leo Syrjänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Valanne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Purmonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William S Sly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and TAYS Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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2
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Haider K, Shrivastava N, Pathak A, Prasad Dewangan R, Yahya S, Shahar Yar M. Recent advances and SAR study of 2-substituted benzothiazole scaffold based potent chemotherapeutic agents. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Matsumoto H, Miyagi H, Nakamura N, Shiga Y, Ohta T, Fujiwara S, Tsuzuki M. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor induces otic hair cell apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway and ER stress in zebrafish larvae. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1937-1947. [PMID: 34926172 PMCID: PMC8648832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CA inhibitor EZA causes lateral line organ death in zebrafish larvae. Neuromast hair cells are especially sensitive to EZA during embryo development. EZA induces apoptosis in otic hair cells via an intrinsic pathway and ER stress.
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3− to mediate pH and ion homeostasis. Some chemical pollutants have been reported to have inhibitory effects on fish CA. In this study, we investigated effects of a CA inhibitor ethoxyzolamide (EZA) on neuromasts development during zebrafish embryogenesis, since embryogenesis in aquatic organisms can be particularly sensitive to water pollution. EZA caused alteration of pH and calcium concentration and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in larvae, and induced apoptosis in hair cells especially in the otic neuromast, in which CA2 was distributed on the body surface. mRNA levels of apoptotic genes and caspase activities were increased by EZA, whereas anti-oxidants and apoptotic inhibitors, Bax, NF-κB, and p53 inhibitors significantly relieved the induction of hair cell death. Also, mRNA levels of Bip and CHOP, which are induced in response to ER stress, were upregulated by EZA, suggesting that EZA induces otic hair cell apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and ER stress. Our results demonstrated an essential role of CA in neuromast development via maintenance of ion transport and pH, and that the CA, which is directly exposed to the ambient water, shows marked sensitivity to EZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Matsumoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hisako Miyagi
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B13 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B13 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiga
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ohta
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujiwara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
- Corresponding author at: School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Mikio Tsuzuki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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Janoniene A, Mazutis L, Matulis D, Petrikaite V. Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Motility at the Single-Cell Level. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11571. [PMID: 34769000 PMCID: PMC8584155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA IX), which is expressed in various hypoxic solid tumors in order to maintain proper pH, is also related to cancer cell adhesion, invasion, and metastasis processes. Here, we investigated whether CA IX inhibition by a highly CA IX selective agent benzenesulfonamide VD11-4-2 triggers changes in individual cell motility. We seeded breast cancer cells on an extracellular matrix-coated glass-bottomed dish and in a microfluidic device with a gradient flow of epidermal growth factor (EGF), tracked individual cell movement, calculated their migration speeds, and/or followed movement direction. Our results showed that the inhibitor VD11-4-2 decreased the speed of CA IX positive breast cancer cells by 20-26% while not affecting non-cancerous cell migration. The inhibitor suppressed the cell migration velocity increment and hindered cells from reaching their maximum speed. VD11-4-2 also reduced CA IX, expressing cell movement towards the growth factor as a chemoattractant. Such a single cell-based migration assay enabled the comprehensive investigation of the cell motility and revealed that VD11-4-2 shows the ability to suppress breast cancer cell migration at a lower concentration than previously tested CA IX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.J.); (L.M.); (D.M.)
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Aspatwar A, Berrino E, Bua S, Carta F, Capasso C, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Toxicity evaluation of sulfamides and coumarins that efficiently inhibit human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1765-1772. [PMID: 32942905 PMCID: PMC7534274 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1822829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a toxicity study, conducted on zebrafish larvae, of a series of coumarin and sulfamide compounds that were previously reported as inhibitors of human (h) metalloenzymes, carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). Due to the high relevance of hCA inhibitors as theragnostic agents, it is of pivotal importance to address safety issues that may arise from the initial in vivo toxicological assessment using zebrafish, a relevant model for biomedical research. None of the reported compounds showed adverse phenotypic effects or tissue damage on developing zebrafish larvae after 5 days of exposure. Our study suggests that the coumarin and sulfamide derivatives considered here are safe and suitable for further development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd., Tampere, Finland.,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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Anduran E, Aspatwar A, Parvathaneni NK, Suylen D, Bua S, Nocentini A, Parkkila S, Supuran CT, Dubois L, Lambin P, Winum JY. Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug Derivatives of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Benzenesulfonamide Series: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2020; 25:E2347. [PMID: 32443462 PMCID: PMC7287649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumours' microenvironment, is associated with an aggressive phenotype and is known to cause resistance to anticancer chemo- and radiotherapies. Tumour-associated carbonic anhydrases isoform IX (hCA IX), which is upregulated under hypoxia in many malignancies participating to the microenvironment acidosis, represents a valuable target for drug strategy against advanced solid tumours. To overcome cancer cell resistance and improve the efficacy of therapeutics, the use of bio-reducible prodrugs also known as Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs), represents an interesting strategy to be applied to target hCA IX isozyme through the design of selective carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors (CAIs). Here, we report the design, synthesis and biological evaluations including CA inhibition assays, toxicity assays on zebrafish and viability assays on human cell lines (HT29 and HCT116) of new HAP-CAIs, harboring different bio-reducible moieties in nitroaromatic series and a benzenesulfonamide warhead to target hCA IX. The CA inhibition assays of this compound series showed a slight selectivity against hCA IX versus the cytosolic off-target hCA II and hCA I isozymes. Toxicity and viability assays have highlighted that the compound bearing the 2-nitroimidazole moiety possesses the lowest toxicity (LC50 of 1400 µM) and shows interesting results on viability assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Anduran
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34296 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France; (E.A.); (N.-K.P.)
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Fimlab Ltd., University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Nanda-Kumar Parvathaneni
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34296 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France; (E.A.); (N.-K.P.)
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Silvia Bua
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (S.B.); (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (S.B.); (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Fimlab Ltd., University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (A.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (S.B.); (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW–School for Oncology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34296 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France; (E.A.); (N.-K.P.)
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Aspatwar A, Parvathaneni NK, Barker H, Anduran E, Supuran CT, Dubois L, Lambin P, Parkkila S, Winum JY. Design, synthesis, in vitro inhibition and toxicological evaluation of human carbonic anhydrases I, II and IX inhibitors in 5-nitroimidazole series. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:109-117. [PMID: 31687859 PMCID: PMC6844379 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1685510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to obtain novel compounds possessing both strong affinity against human carbonic anhydrases and low toxicity, we synthesised novel thiourea and sulphonamide derivatives 3, 4 and 10, and studied their in vitro inhibitory properties against human CA I, CA II and CA IX. We also evaluated the toxicity of these compounds using zebrafish larvae. Among the three compounds, derivative 4 showed efficient inhibition against hCA II (KI = 58.6 nM). Compound 10 showed moderate inhibition against hCA II (KI = 199.2 nM) and hCA IX (KI = 147.3 nM), whereas it inhibited hCA I less weakly at micromolar concentrations (KI = 6428.4 nM). All other inhibition constants for these compounds were in the submicromolar range. The toxicity evaluation studies showed no adverse effects on the zebrafish larvae. Our study suggests that these compounds are suitable for further preclinical characterisation as potential inhibitors of hCA I, II and IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nanda Kumar Parvathaneni
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institut des Biomolécules, Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emilie Anduran
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institut des Biomolécules, Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Precision Medicine, The M-Lab, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules, Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Macan AM, Harej A, Cazin I, Klobučar M, Stepanić V, Pavelić K, Pavelić SK, Schols D, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Raić-Malić S. Antitumor and antiviral activities of 4-substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl-2,3-dibenzyl-L-ascorbic acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111739. [PMID: 31586832 PMCID: PMC7115614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 6-(1,2,3-triazolyl)-2,3-dibenzyl-l-ascorbic acid derivatives with the hydroxyethylene (8a−8u) and ethylidene linkers (10c−10p) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against seven malignant tumor cell lines and antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. Conformationally unrestricted spacer between the lactone and 1,2,3-triazole units in 8a−8u series had a profound effect on antitumor activity. Besides, the introduction of a long side chain at C-4 of 1,2,3-triazole that led to the synthesis of decyl-substituted 2,3-dibenzyl-l-ascorbic acid 8m accounted for a selective and potent antiproliferative activity on breast cancer MCF-7 cells cells in the nM range. Further analysis showed that compound 8m strongly enhanced expression of hypoxia inducible transcription factor 1 α (HIF-1α) and to some extent decreased expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) suggesting its role in regulating HIF-1α signalling pathway. The p-methoxyphenyl-substituted derivative 10g displayed specific anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) potential, whereas aliphatic-substituted derivatives 8l and 8m had the most potent, yet relatively non-specific, anti-varicella-zoster (VZV) activity. Two series of 1,2,3-triazolyl 2,3-dibenzyl-l-ascorbic acid conjugates were synthesized. Conformationally unrestricted spacer had a major effect on antitumor activities. Decyl-substituted l-ascorbic acid 8m caused inhibition of breast cancer MCF-7 cells in the nM range. 8m increased the expression of hypoxia inducible transcription factor HIF-1α. p-Methoxyphenyl-substituted derivative 10g had specific anti-CMV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Meščić Macan
- University of Zagreb, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 20, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Harej
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ines Cazin
- University of Zagreb, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 20, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Klobučar
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Višnja Stepanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Pavelić
- Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- University of Zagreb, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev Trg 20, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Aspatwar A, Becker HM, Parvathaneni NK, Hammaren M, Svorjova A, Barker H, Supuran CT, Dubois L, Lambin P, Parikka M, Parkkila S, Winum JY. Nitroimidazole-based inhibitors DTP338 and DTP348 are safe for zebrafish embryos and efficiently inhibit the activity of human CA IX in Xenopus oocytes. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1064-1073. [PMID: 29909747 PMCID: PMC6009478 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1482285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is a hypoxia inducible enzyme that is highly expressed in solid tumours. Therefore, it has been considered as an anticancer target using specific chemical inhibitors. The nitroimidazoles DTP338 and DTP348 have been shown to inhibit CA IX in nanomolar range in vitro and reduce extracellular acidification in hypoxia, and impair tumour growth. We screened these compounds for toxicity using zebrafish embryos and measured their in vivo effects on human CA IX in Xenopus oocytes. In the toxicity screening, the LD50 for both compounds was 3.5 mM. Neither compound showed apparent toxicity below 300 µM concentration. Above this concentration, both compounds altered the movement of zebrafish larvae. The IC50 was 0.14 ± 0.02 µM for DTP338 and 19.26 ± 1.97 µM for DTP348, suggesting that these compounds efficiently inhibit CA IX in vivo. Our results suggest that these compounds can be developed as drugs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Holger M Becker
- b Department of Physiological Chemistry , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - Nanda Kumar Parvathaneni
- c Department of Radiotherapy, The M-Lab Group, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology , Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,d Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex 05 , France
| | - Milka Hammaren
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Aleksandra Svorjova
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Harlan Barker
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- e NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Polo Scientifico , Firenze , Italy
| | - Ludwig Dubois
- c Department of Radiotherapy, The M-Lab Group, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology , Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- c Department of Radiotherapy, The M-Lab Group, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology , Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Mataleena Parikka
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- a Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences , University of Tampere , Tampere , Finland.,f Fimlab Ltd. and Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- d Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex 05 , France
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Kazokaitė J, Aspatwar A, Parkkila S, Matulis D. An update on anticancer drug development and delivery targeting carbonic anhydrase IX. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4068. [PMID: 29181278 PMCID: PMC5702504 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is up-regulated in many types of solid tumors in humans under hypoxic and acidic microenvironment. Inhibition of CA IX enzymatic activity with selective inhibitors, antibodies or labeled probes has been shown to reverse the acidic environment of solid tumors and reduce the tumor growth establishing the significant role of CA IX in tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potent antitumor drugs targeting CA IX with minimal toxic effects is important for the target-specific tumor therapy. Recently, several promising antitumor agents against CA IX have been developed to treat certain types of cancers in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. Here we review the inhibition of CA IX by small molecule compounds and monoclonal antibodies. The methods of enzymatic assays, biophysical methods, animal models including zebrafish and Xenopus oocytes, and techniques of diagnostic imaging to detect hypoxic tumors using CA IX-targeted conjugates are discussed with the aim to overview the recent progress related to novel therapeutic agents that target CA IX in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kazokaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Life sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Life sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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11
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Picomolar inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase: Importance of inhibition and binding assays. Anal Biochem 2017; 522:61-72. [PMID: 28153585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ki of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors is often determined by the stopped- flow CO2 hydration assay, the method that directly follows the inhibition of CA enzymatic activity. However, the assay has limitations, such as largely unknown concentration of CO2 and the inability to determine the Ki below several nM. The widely used direct binding assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, also does not determine the Kd below several nM. In contrast, the thermal shift assay can accurately determine picomolar affinities. New equations estimating CO2 concentration were developed for the determination of kcat and KM of CA I and CA II. The inhibitor dose-response curves were analyzed using Hill and Morrison equations demonstrating that only the Morrison model is applicable for the determination of tight-binding inhibitor Ki. The measurements of interactions between ten inhibitors and seven CA isoforms showed the limitations and advantages of all three techniques. Inhibitor 6 exhibited the Kd of 50 pM and was highly selective towards human CA IX, an isoform which is nearly absent in healthy human, but highly overexpressed in numerous cancers. Combination of inhibition and binding techniques was necessary for precise determination of CA-high-affinity inhibitor interactions and future drug design.
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