1
|
Chang ML, Yang Z, Yang SS. Roles of Adipokines in Digestive Diseases: Markers of Inflammation, Metabolic Alteration and Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218308. [PMID: 33167521 PMCID: PMC7663948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly dynamic endocrine tissue and constitutes a central node in the interorgan crosstalk network through adipokines, which cause pleiotropic effects, including the modulation of angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Specifically, digestive cancers grow anatomically near adipose tissue. During their interaction with cancer cells, adipocytes are reprogrammed into cancer-associated adipocytes and secrete adipokines to affect tumor cells. Moreover, the liver is the central metabolic hub. Adipose tissue and the liver cooperatively regulate whole-body energy homeostasis via adipokines. Obesity, the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, is currently considered a global epidemic and is related to low-grade systemic inflammation characterized by altered adipokine regulation. Obesity-related digestive diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyps and cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis-related diseases, cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and diabetes, might cause specific alterations in adipokine profiles. These patterns and associated bases potentially contribute to the identification of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the associated digestive diseases. This review highlights important findings about altered adipokine profiles relevant to digestive diseases, including hepatic, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and biliary tract diseases, with a perspective on clinical implications and mechanistic explorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-1200 (ext. 8108); Fax: +886-3-327-2236
| | - Zinger Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Sien-Sing Yang
- Liver Center, Cathay General Hospital Medical Center, Taipei 10630, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biondo LA, Teixeira AAS, Silveira LS, Souza CO, Costa RGF, Diniz TA, Mosele FC, Rosa Neto JC. Tributyrin in Inflammation: Does White Adipose Tissue Affect Colorectal Cancer? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010110. [PMID: 30626010 PMCID: PMC6357117 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer affects the large intestine, leading to loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) and alterations in adipokine secretion. Lower incidence of colorectal cancer is associated with increased fibre intake. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fibres that increase production of butyrate by the intestinal microbiota. Tributyrin, a prodrug of butyric acid, exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on colorectal cancer. Our aim was to characterise the effects of diets rich in FOS and tributyrin within the context of a colon carcinogenesis model, and characterise possible support of tumorigenesis by WAT. C57/BL6 male mice were divided into four groups: a control group (CT) fed with chow diet and three colon carcinogenesis-induced groups fed either with chow diet (CA), tributyrin-supplemented diet (BUT), or with FOS-supplemented diet. Colon carcinogenesis decreased adipose mass in subcutaneous, epididymal, and retroperitoneal tissues, while also reducing serum glucose and leptin concentrations. However, it did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α in WAT. Additionally, the supplements did not revert the colon cancer affected parameters. The BUT group exhibited even higher glucose tolerance and levels of IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-α in WAT. To conclude our study, FOS and butyrate supplements were not beneficial. In addition, butyrate worsened adipose tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Amorim Biondo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524-lab.435, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Abilio S Teixeira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524-lab.435, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Loreana S Silveira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524-lab.435, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila O Souza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524-lab.435, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel G F Costa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524-lab.435, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tiego A Diniz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524-lab.435, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francielle C Mosele
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524-lab.435, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Cesar Rosa Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524-lab.435, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Neill AM, Gillaspie EA, Burrington CM, Lynch DT, Dauchy RT, Blask DE, Tirrell PC, Reis BA, Horsman MJ, Greene MW. Development and Characterization of a Novel Congenic Rat Strain for Obesity and Cancer Research. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:278-287. [PMID: 29313726 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1412483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The association between a Western Diet and colon cancer suggests that dietary factors and/or obesity may contribute to cancer progression. Our objective was to develop a new animal model of obesity and the associated pathophysiology to investigate human cancer independent of dietary components that induce obesity. A novel congenic rat strain was established by introducing the fa allele from the Zucker rat into the Rowett Nude rat to generate a "fatty nude rat". The obese phenotype was first characterized in the new model. To then examine the utility of this model, lean and obese rats were implanted with HT-29 human colon cancer xenografts and tumor growth monitored. Fatty nude rats were visibly obese and did not develop fasting hyperglycemia. Compared to lean rats, fatty nude rats developed fasting hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Colon cancer tumor growth rate and final weight were increased (P < 0.05) in fatty nude compared to lean rats. Final tumor weight was associated with p38 kinase phosphorylation (P < 0.01) in fatty nude rats. We have established a novel model of obesity and pre-type 2 diabetes that can be used to investigate human cancer and therapeutics in the context of obesity and its associated pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie O'Neill
- a Department of Biology , Auburn University Montgomery , Montgomery , Alabama , USA.,b Department of Nutrition, Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama , USA
| | - Erin A Gillaspie
- c Department of Thoracic Surgery , School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | | | - Darin T Lynch
- d Bassett Research Institute , Cooperstown , New York , USA
| | - Robert T Dauchy
- e Department of Structural & Cellular Biology , Tulane University School of Medicine and Tulane Cancer Center , Tulane , Los Angeles , USA
| | - David E Blask
- e Department of Structural & Cellular Biology , Tulane University School of Medicine and Tulane Cancer Center , Tulane , Los Angeles , USA
| | - Paul C Tirrell
- f Department of Internal Medicine , Bassett Medical Center , Cooperstown , New York , USA
| | - Brian A Reis
- d Bassett Research Institute , Cooperstown , New York , USA
| | | | - Michael W Greene
- b Department of Nutrition, Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama , USA.,d Bassett Research Institute , Cooperstown , New York , USA.,g Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama , USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Enos RT, Velázquez KT, McClellan JL, Cranford TL, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Davis JM, Murphy EA. High-fat diets rich in saturated fat protect against azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G906-19. [PMID: 27033117 PMCID: PMC4935479 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00345.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
High-fat-diet (HFD) consumption is associated with colon cancer risk. However, little is known about how the lipid composition of a HFD can influence prooncogenic processes. We examined the effects of three HFDs differing in the percentage of total calories from saturated fat (SF) (6, 12, and 24% of total caloric intake), but identical in total fat (40%), and a commercially available Western diet (26 and 41% saturated and total fat, respectively) on colon cancer development using the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine model. A second dose-response experiment was performed using diets supplemented with the saturated-fatty-acid (SFA)-rich coconut oil. In experiment 1, we found an inverse association between SF content and tumor burden. Furthermore, increased SF content was associated with reduced inflammation, increased apoptosis, and decreased proliferation. The second dose-response experiment was performed to test whether this effect may be attributed to the SF content of the diets. Consistent with the initial experiment, we found that high SF content was protective, at least in male mice; there was a decrease in mortality in mice consuming the highest concentration of SFAs. To explore a potential mechanism for these findings, we examined colonic mucin 2 (Muc2) protein content and found that the HFDs with the highest SF content had the greatest concentration of Muc2. Our data suggest that high dietary SF is protective in the AOM/DSS model of colon cancer, which may be due, at least in part, to the ability of SF to maintain intestinal barrier integrity through increased colonic Muc2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reilly T. Enos
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Kandy T. Velázquez
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Jamie L. McClellan
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Taryn L. Cranford
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - J. Mark Davis
- 2Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - E. Angela Murphy
- 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Riondino S, Roselli M, Palmirotta R, Della-Morte D, Ferroni P, Guadagni F. Obesity and colorectal cancer: Role of adipokines in tumor initiation and progression. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5177-5190. [PMID: 24833848 PMCID: PMC4017033 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated diseases account for a large portion of public health challenges. Among obesity-related disorders, a direct and independent relationship has been ascertained for colorectal cancer (CRC). The evidence that adipocyte hypertrophy and excessive adipose tissue accumulation (mainly visceral) can promote pathogenic adipocyte and adipose tissue-related diseases, has led to formulate the concept of “adiposopathy”, defined as adipocyte and adipose tissue dysfunction that contributes to metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue can, indeed, be regarded as an important and highly active player of the innate immune response, in which cytokine/adipokine secretion is responsible for a paracrine loop between adipocytes and macrophages, thus contributing to the systemic chronic low-grade inflammation associated with visceral obesity, which represents a favorable niche for tumor development. The adipocyte itself participates as a central mediator of this inflammatory response in obese individuals by secreting hormones, growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines, which are of particular relevance for the pathogenesis of CRC. Among adipocyte-secreted hormones, the most relevant to colorectal tumorigenesis are adiponectin, leptin, resistin and ghrelin. All these molecules have been involved in cell growth and proliferation, as well as tumor angiogenesis and it has been demonstrated that their expression changes from normal colonic mucosa to adenoma and adenocarcinoma, suggesting their involvement in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis. These findings have led to the hypothesis that an unfavorable adipokine profile, with a reduction of those with an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous activity, might serve as a prognostic factor in CRC patients and that adipokines or their analogues/antagonists might become useful agents in the management or chemoprevention of CRC.
Collapse
|
7
|
Circulating levels of novel adipocytokines in patients with colorectal cancer. Cytokine 2013; 62:81-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Wei Q, Jiang H, Baker A, Dodge LK, Gerard M, Young MR, Toledano MB, Colburn NH. Loss of sulfiredoxin renders mice resistant to azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1403-10. [PMID: 23393226 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is the enzyme that reduces the hyperoxidized inactive form of peroxiredoxins. To study the function of Srx in carcinogenesis in vivo, we tested whether loss of Srx protects mice from cancer development. Srx null mice were generated and colon carcinogenesis was induced by an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) protocol. Compared with either wild-type (Wt) or heterozygotes, Srx(-/-) mice had significantly reduced rates in both tumor multiplicity and volume. Mechanistic studies reveal that loss of Srx did not alter tumor cell proliferation; however, increased apoptosis and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration were obvious in tumors from Srx null mice compared with those from Wt control. In addition to the AOM/DSS model, examination of Srx expression in human reveals a tissue-specific expression pattern. Srx expression was also demonstrated in tumors from colorectal cancer patients and the levels of expression were associated with patients' clinic stages. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that loss of Srx renders mice resistant to AOM/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis, suggesting that Srx has a critical oncogenic role in cancer development, and Srx may be used as a marker for human colon cancer pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiou Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|