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Shen L, Zhang C, Cui K, Liang X, Zhu G, Hong L. Leptin secreted by adipocytes promotes EMT transition and endometrial cancer progression via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2293273. [PMID: 38090745 PMCID: PMC10732614 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2293273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is a malignant tumour with a high incidence and mortality rate, and obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for the disease. However, it remains unclear whether leptin affects cell activity, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of endometrial cancer tissue were obtained from clinical patients and nude mice Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to assess leptin levels. Western blotting, immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses were conducted to detect EMT, JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway proteins, and cell proliferation biomarkers. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate cell activity, proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively. RESULTS ELISA, western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses showed that leptin was highly expressed, and the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway was activated in endometrial cancer patients. Cell-based experiments showed that adipocytes secreted leptin, which increased the levels of leptin, and also promoted cell migration and invasion, EMT transition, and cell activity and proliferation. Leptin accelerated cell progression and promoted EMT via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. The tumour-promoting effect of leptin on endometrial cancer cells was further verified by in vivo experiments, in which leptin promoted tumour growth and activated the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. CONCLUSION Leptin secreted by adipocytes promotes EMT transition and endometrial cancer progression via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in a dose-dependent manner.Highlights Endometrial cancer patients have high levels of leptinLeptin promotes EMT transition via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathwayLeptin promotes endometrial cancer progression via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathwayLeptin promotes endometrial cancer in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Central Lab, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Kaiying Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Genhai Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Lan Hong
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
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2
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Sato S. Adipo-oncology: adipocyte-derived factors govern engraftment, survival, and progression of metastatic cancers. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38238841 PMCID: PMC10797898 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for metastatic cancers have limited efficacy. Recently, cancer therapies targeting noncancerous cells in tumor microenvironments have shown improved clinical outcomes in patients. However, further advances in our understanding of the metastatic tumor microenvironment are required to improve treatment outcomes. Adipocytes are distributed throughout the body, and as a part of the metastatic tumor microenvironment, they interact with cancer cells in almost all organs. Adipocytes secrete various factors that are reported to exert clinical effects on cancer progression, including engraftment, survival, and expansion at the metastatic sites. However, only a few studies have comprehensively examined their impact on cancer cells. In this review, we examined the impact of adipocytes on cancer by describing the adipocyte-secreted factors that are involved in controlling metastatic cancer, focusing on adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, chemerin, resistin, apelin, and omentin. Adipocyte-secreted factors promote cancer metastasis and contribute to various biological functions of cancer cells, including migration, invasion, proliferation, immune evasion, and drug resistance at the metastatic sites. We propose the establishment and expansion of "adipo-oncology" as a research field to enhance the comprehensive understanding of the role of adipocytes in metastatic cancers and the development of more robust metastatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Morphological Analysis Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
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Akrida I, Papadaki H. Adipokines and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2419-2433. [PMID: 36715963 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for cancer development. Within the tumor microenvironment, adipocytes interact with cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and orchestrate several signaling pathways by secreting bioactive molecules, including adipokines. Adipokines or adipocytokines are produced predominantly by adipocytes and function as autocrine, paracrine and endocrine mediators. Adipokines can exert pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, and they play a pivotal role in the state of chronic low-grade inflammation that characterizes obesity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a complex biological process whereby epithelial cells acquire the invasive, migratory mesenchymal phenotype is well-known to be implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that there is a link between adipokines and EMT. This may contribute to the correlation that has been documented between obesity and cancer progression. This review summarizes the existing body of evidence supporting an association between the process of EMT in cancer and the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin/NAMPT, lipocalin-2/NGAL, as well as other newly discovered adipokines including chemerin, nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2, AZGP1, SFRP5 and FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Akrida
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece.
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece.
- Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece.
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece
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Wang X, Guo L, Liu G, Liu T. Leptin Mediates Prostate Stromal Cell Proliferation, Smooth Muscle Contraction, and Mitochondrial Function in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3261-3273. [PMID: 37876983 PMCID: PMC10591609 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s420258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leptin is a metabolic peptide hormone produced by adipocytes, with proven roles in proliferation of prostate cancer cells and of prostate cells in animal models of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Thus, the role of leptin as a molecular link connecting BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of BPH with metabolic symptoms appears feasible but is still unknown. In fact, a connection between metabolic syndrome and BPH is becoming increasingly evident from epidemiologic studies. Key factors of Lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH/LUTS) are increased prostate smooth muscle tone, and prostate enlargement. Here, we examined the effects of leptin on contraction of human prostate smooth muscle and on growth of stromal cells. Methods We performed microarray analysis to identify genes (fold change ≥ 1.5) associated with BPH/LUTS progression, such as those involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial metabolism, in rat prostate tissue (data from GSE129561). We then used electric field stimulation (EFS) to induce frequency-dependent, neurogenic contractions of human prostate strips, which were enhanced by leptin. We also examined the effect of leptin on human prostate stromal cells (WPMY-1) and found increased cell proliferation and viability upon exposure. To explore the underlying mechanism, we conducted mitochondrial stress assay using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye and flow cytometry (FACS) analysis and observed reduced cellular apoptosis and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψM) after leptin treatment. Results Microarray analysis reveals that leptin regulates prostate smooth muscle contraction and stromal cell proliferation, shedding new light on its involvement in BPH/LUTS pathogenesis and mitochondrial function. We found that leptin enhanced the proliferation rate of prostate stromal cells relative to the control group (0.67 ± 0.05 vs 0.54 ± 0.08, p-value= 0.024). Moreover, leptin (100 ng/mL) potentiated the frequency-dependent, neurogenic contractions of prostate strips elicited by EFS (p= 0.047 between leptin and control group). We also show that leptin treatment increased the mitochondrial membrane potential of prostate stromal cells and inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis. Discussion Our results indicate that leptin stimulates the contractility and proliferation of smooth muscle and stromal cells in the human prostate, implying a potential role for leptin in exacerbating BPH/LUTS in obese men. Leptin modulation may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for patients with metabolic syndrome and BPH/LUTS. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and implications of the leptin system in BPH/LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfa Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiyong Liu
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Hubei Province, Qianjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongzu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Tan S, Tang H, Wang Y, Xie P, Li H, Zhang Z, Zhou J. Tumor cell-derived exosomes regulate macrophage polarization: Emerging directions in the study of tumor genesis and development. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19296. [PMID: 37662730 PMCID: PMC10474436 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an extracellular vesicle, exosomes play an important role in intercellular information transmission, delivering cargos of the parent cell, such as RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, activating different signaling pathways in the target cell and regulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. In particular, exosomes secreted by tumor cells can change the function of surrounding cells, creating a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth and metastasis. For example, after macrophages phagocytose exosomes and accept their cargos, they activate macrophage polarization-related signaling pathways and polarize macrophages into M1 or M2 types to exert antitumor or protumor functions. Currently, the study of exosomes affecting the polarization of macrophages has attracted increasing attention. Therefore, this paper reviews relevant studies in this field to better understand the mechanism of exosome-induced macrophage polarization and provide evidence for exploring novel targets for tumor therapy and new diagnostic markers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Tan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haodong Tang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Kos-Kudła B. Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4250. [PMID: 37686525 PMCID: PMC10486522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones produced by adipocytes, leptin and adiponectin, are associated with the process of carcinogenesis. Both of these adipokines have well-proven oncologic potential and can affect many aspects of tumorigenesis, from initiation and primary tumor growth to metastatic progression. Involvement in the formation of cancer includes interactions with the tumor microenvironment and its components, such as tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases. Furthermore, these adipokines participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and connect to angiogenesis, which is critical for cancer invasiveness and cancer cell migration. In addition, an enormous amount of evidence has demonstrated that altered concentrations of these adipocyte-derived hormones and the expression of their receptors in tumors are associated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer. Therefore, leptin and adiponectin dysfunction play a prominent role in cancer and impact tumor invasion and metastasis in different ways. This review clearly and comprehensively summarizes the recent findings and presents the role of leptin and adiponectin in cancer initiation, promotion and progression, focusing on associations with the tumor microenvironment and its components as well as roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.-H.); (B.K.-K.)
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7
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Ayed K, Nabi L, Akrout R, Mrizak H, Gorrab A, Bacha D, Boussen H, Gati A. Obesity and cancer: focus on leptin. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08525-y. [PMID: 37227675 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, obesity has grown to epidemic proportions worldwide. It has been associated with an increased risk for different types of cancer. In addition, obesity has been associated with a poor prognosis, an increased risk of metastasis and mortality, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer connection have not yet been fully elucidated. However, this connection could result, at least in part, from the action of adipokines, whose levels are increased in obesity. Among these adipokines, evidence suggests leptin's critical role in linking obesity to cancer. In this review, we first summarize the current state of the literature regarding the implication of leptin in tumorigenic processes. Next, we focus on the effects of leptin on the anti-tumor immune response. Then, we discuss the influence of leptin on the efficiency of antineoplastic treatments and the development of tumor resistance. Finally, we highlight the use of leptin as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Ayed
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamis Nabi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Akrout
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Mrizak
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amal Gorrab
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Bacha
- Anatomopathology Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Boussen
- Medical Oncology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Asma Gati
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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8
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Sadrkhanloo M, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Raesi R, Motahhary M, Saghari S, Sharifi L, Bokaie S, Mirzaei S, Entezari M, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. STAT3 signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance: An oncogenic pathway with diverse functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114168. [PMID: 36916439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The categorization of cancers demonstrates that prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and it causes high death annually. Prostate cancer patients are diagnosed mainly via biomarkers such as PSA test and patients show poor prognosis. Prostate cancer cells rapidly diffuse into different parts of body and their metastasis is also a reason for death. Current therapies for prostate cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy as well as targeted therapy. The progression of prostate cancer cells is regulated by different factors that STAT3 signaling is among them. Growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 can induce STAT3 signaling and it shows carcinogenic impact. Activation of STAT3 signaling occurs in prostate cancer and it promotes malignant behavior of tumor cells. Induction of STAT3 signaling increases glycolysis and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and prevents apoptosis. Furthermore, STAT3 signaling induces EMT mechanism in increasing cancer metastasis. Activation of STAT3 signaling stimulates drug resistance and the limitation of current works is lack of experiment related to role of STAT3 signaling in radio-resistance in prostate tumor. Calcitriol, capsazepine and β-elemonic are among the compounds capable of targeting STAT3 signaling and its inhibition in prostate cancer therapy. In addition to natural products, small molecules targeting STAT3 signaling have been developed in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdokht Sadrkhanloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sam Saghari
- Department of Health Services Management, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Interplay between Prostate Cancer and Adipose Microenvironment: A Complex and Flexible Scenario. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810762. [PMID: 36142673 PMCID: PMC9500873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is part of the prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment not only in the periprostatic area, but also in the most frequent metastatic sites, such as bone marrow and pelvic lymph nodes. The involvement of periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) in the aggressiveness of PCa is strongly suggested by numerous studies. Many molecules play a role in the reciprocal interaction between adipocytes and PCa cells, including adipokines, hormones, lipids, and also lipophilic pollutants stored in adipocytes. The crosstalk has consequences not only on cancer cell growth and metastatic potential, but also on adipocytes. Although most of the molecules released by PPAT are likely to promote tumor growth and the migration of cancer cells, others, such as the adipokine adiponectin and the n-6 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), have been shown to have anti-tumor properties. The effects of PPAT on PCa cells might therefore depend on the balance between the pro- and anti-tumor components of PPAT. In addition, genetic and environmental factors involved in the risk and/or aggressiveness of PCa, including obesity and diet, are able to modulate the interactions between PPAT and cancer cells and their consequences on the growth and the metastatic potential of PCa.
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10
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Plasma concentration of Bisphenol A and leptin in patients with meningioma and glioma: A pilot study. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:229-233. [PMID: 35594764 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent increase in incidence of meningiomas suggests the need to search for new risk factors. Leptin, a potentially pro-angiogenic and proliferative agent, could be a candidate for this role, as its expression correlates with body mass index (BMI). Because development of meningioma has also been linked to sex hormones, bisphenol A (BPA), a known xenoestrogen, can also be taken into consideration as a potential risk factor. The aim of this study was to determine plasma concentrations of both substances in patients with meningiomas and to match it to patients with gliomas - a group of brain tumors less hormone- and BMI-dependent. MATERIALS & METHODS Concentrations of BPA and leptin were measured in plasma of 24 patients with low grade meningioma and in 29 patients with glioma, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ELISA kits, respectively. The concentrations of both substances in patients with neoplasms were interpreted in relation to their concentration in healthy population, published in recent reports. RESULTS Free and conjugated BPA were present in both meningioma and glioma patients. Moreover, their concentrations far exceeded those reported in the healthy population. Nevertheless, the level of leptin revealed to be significantly higher in meningioma patients than in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of both meningioma and glioma may be accompanied by increased concentrations of leptin and BPA. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify whether the presence of both substances may play a role in pathogenesis or influence clinical course in patients with brain neoplasms.
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Thromboinflammatory Processes at the Nexus of Metabolic Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer: The Emerging Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071679. [PMID: 35406450 PMCID: PMC8996963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As overweight and obesity increase among the population worldwide, a parallel increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer was observed. There appears to be a relationship between both diseases where the increase in the mass of fat tissue can lead to inflammation. Such a state of inflammation could produce many factors that increase the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, especially if this inflammation occurred in the fat stores adjacent to the prostate. Another important observation that links obesity, fat tissue inflammation, and prostate cancer is the increased production of blood clotting factors. In this article, we attempt to explain the role of these latter factors in the effect of increased body weight on the progression of prostate cancer and propose new ways of treatment that act by affecting how these clotting factors work. Abstract The increased global prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is mirrored by an increased incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). Ample evidence suggests that these metabolic disorders, being characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion and inflammation, not only present as risk factors for the development of PCa, but also drive its increased aggressiveness, enhanced progression, and metastasis. Despite the emerging molecular mechanisms linking AT dysfunction to the various hallmarks of PCa, thromboinflammatory processes implicated in the crosstalk between these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated. This is of particular importance as both diseases present states of hypercoagulability. Accumulating evidence implicates tissue factor, thrombin, and active factor X as well as other players of the coagulation cascade in the pathophysiological processes driving cancer development and progression. In this regard, it becomes pivotal to elucidate the thromboinflammatory processes occurring in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), a fundamental microenvironmental niche of the prostate. Here, we highlight key findings linking thromboinflammation and the pleiotropic effects of coagulation factors and their inhibitors in metabolic diseases, PCa, and their crosstalk. We also propose several novel therapeutic targets and therapeutic interventions possibly modulating the interaction between these pathological states.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Crea F, Ren J, Klionsky DJ, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:105. [PMID: 35317831 PMCID: PMC8939209 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and new estimates revealed prostate cancer as the leading cause of death in men in 2021. Therefore, new strategies are pertinent in the treatment of this malignant disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a “self-degradation” mechanism capable of facilitating the turnover of long-lived and toxic macromolecules and organelles. Recently, attention has been drawn towards the role of autophagy in cancer and how its modulation provides effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of autophagy in prostate cancer. Autophagy can promote/inhibit proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Besides, metastasis of prostate cancer cells is affected (via induction and inhibition) by autophagy. Autophagy can affect the response of prostate cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, given the close association between autophagy and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that upstream mediators such as AMPK, non-coding RNAs, KLF5, MTOR and others regulate autophagy in prostate cancer. Anti-tumor compounds, for instance phytochemicals, dually inhibit or induce autophagy in prostate cancer therapy. For improving prostate cancer therapy, nanotherapeutics such as chitosan nanoparticles have been developed. With respect to the context-dependent role of autophagy in prostate cancer, genetic tools such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 can be utilized for targeting autophagic genes. Finally, these findings can be translated into preclinical and clinical studies to improve survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. • Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death in men where targeting autophagy is of importance in treatment; • Autophagy governs proliferation and metastasis capacity of prostate cancer cells; • Autophagy modulation is of interest in improving the therapeutic response of prostate cancer cells; • Molecular pathways, especially involving non-coding RNAs, regulate autophagy in prostate cancer; • Autophagy possesses both diagnostic and prognostic roles in prostate cancer, with promises for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute & Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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13
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, López-Saavedra A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Pérez-Pérez A, Castiñeiras J, Virizuela-Echaburu JA, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Leptin, Both Bad and Good Actor in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:913. [PMID: 34202969 PMCID: PMC8235379 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an important regulator of basal metabolism and food intake, with a pivotal role in obesity. Leptin exerts many different actions on various tissues and systems, including cancer, and is considered as a linkage between metabolism and the immune system. During the last decades, obesity and leptin have been associated with the initiation, proliferation and progression of many types of cancer. Obesity is also linked with complications and mortality, irrespective of the therapy used, affecting clinical outcomes. However, some evidence has suggested its beneficial role, called the "obesity paradox", and the possible antitumoral role of leptin. Recent data regarding the immunotherapy of cancer have revealed that overweight leads to a more effective response and leptin may probably be involved in this beneficial process. Since leptin is a positive modulator of both the innate and the adaptive immune system, it may contribute to the increased immune response stimulated by immunotherapy in cancer patients and may be proposed as a good actor in cancer. Our purpose is to review this dual role of leptin in cancer, as well as trying to clarify the future perspectives of this adipokine, which further highlights its importance as a cornerstone of the immunometabolism in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Ana López-Saavedra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Jesús Castiñeiras
- Urology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Juan A. Virizuela-Echaburu
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.V.-E.); (L.d.l.C.-M.)
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.V.-E.); (L.d.l.C.-M.)
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
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14
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Hong H, Jin Z, Qian T, Xu X, Zhu X, Fei Q, Yang J, Sui C, Xu M. Falcarindiol Enhances Cisplatin Chemosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Down-Regulating the STAT3-Modulated PTTG1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656697. [PMID: 34025420 PMCID: PMC8138572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver malignancy globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods in treating HCC, while recent studies have found that the resistance of HCC to chemotherapeutic drugs reduces the efficacy of the chemotherapy. Falcarindiol (FAD) is a cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory polyacetylenic oxylipin found in food plants of the carrot family (Apiaceae), while its role in HCC remains to be explored. Here, HCC cells (Huh7 and LM3) were treated with FAD at different doses. Cell proliferation was tested by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and colony formation assay, while the apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry. The profiles of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, bcl2, and Caspase-3), DNA repair proteins (Rad51, BRCA1, and MDC1), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene 1 (PTTG1) were verified by western blot (WB) or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The interaction between STAT3 and PTTG1 was verified by immunoprecipitation (IP). In addition, a xenograft tumor model was constructed in mice to explore the anti-tumor effects of FAD in vivo, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to count the number of Ki67-stained cells. As a result, FAD inhibited HCC cell proliferation and DNA repair, facilitated their apoptosis, and also enhanced cisplatin (DDP) chemosensitivity. The Combination Index (CI) evaluation showed that FAD and DDP had synergistic effects in repressing HCC cell proliferation. Besides, FAD dampened the STAT3/PTTG1 pathway expression. Further studies revealed that inhibiting STAT3 enhanced the inhibitive effect of FAD on HCC cells, whereas overexpressing PTTG1 attenuated the anti-tumor effect of FAD. Overall, our study illustrated that FAD is a potential anticancer drug and strengthens the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to DDP by inhibiting the STAT3/PTTG1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hong
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengkang Jin
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Special Treatment I and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjun Sui
- Department of Special Treatment I and Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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15
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Lin TC, Hsiao M. Leptin and Cancer: Updated Functional Roles in Carcinogenesis, Therapeutic Niches, and Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062870. [PMID: 33799880 PMCID: PMC8002181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an obesity-associated adipokine that is known to regulate energy metabolism and reproduction and to control appetite via the leptin receptor. Recent work has identified specific cell types other than adipocytes that harbor leptin and leptin receptor expression, particularly in cancers and tumor microenvironments, and characterized the role of this signaling axis in cancer progression. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of leptin in various types of cancer and the ability to noninvasively detect leptin levels in serum samples have attracted attention for potential clinical applications. Emerging findings have demonstrated the direct and indirect biological effects of leptin in regulating cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, warranting the exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms to develop a novel therapeutic strategy. In this review article, we summarize and integrate transcriptome and clinical data from cancer patients together with the recent findings related to the leptin signaling axis in the aforementioned malignant phenotypes. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of leptin and leptin receptor distribution in a pancancer panel and in individual cell types of specific organs at the single-cell level is presented, identifying those sites that are prone to leptin-mediated tumorigenesis. Our results shed light on the role of leptin in cancer and provide guidance and potential directions for further research for scientists in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Lin
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27871243; Fax: +886-2-27899931
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16
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Santoni M, Miccini F, Cimadamore A, Piva F, Massari F, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Battelli N. An update on investigational therapies that target STAT3 for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:245-251. [PMID: 33599169 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1891222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is involved in cancer initiation and resistance to chemo-radiation therapies and targeted agents. The role of STAT3 in inflammation and immunity together with its involvement in a variety of diseases including genitourinary, gastrointestinal, lung, ovarian and brain tumors makes STAT3 an ideal candidate for therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED The authors provided an overview on STAT3 inhibitors and examined the most recent results obtained by these agents in cancer patients. The authors discussed the results published since 2015 and the ongoing clinical trials on anti-STAT3 agents in cancer patients. The authors also provide our opinion on the future perspectives of this therapeutic approach in this context. The manuscript includes information from trial databases and scientific literature. EXPERT OPINION Future challenges include the development of non-peptide small-molecule inhibitors of STAT3 designed to directly inhibit STAT3 activity. In addition, inhibitors of STAT3/STAT3 nuclear translocation or DNA binding activity are also emerging as novel promising therapeutic approaches A better comprehension of the role of STAT3 in modulating immune response together with advances in understanding the mechanisms of STAT3-induced chemo and/or radio-resistance will also help the design of combined strategies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- U.O.C Medical Oncology, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba University, Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomic Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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17
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Olea-Flores M, Juárez-Cruz JC, Zuñiga-Eulogio MD, Acosta E, García-Rodríguez E, Zacapala-Gomez AE, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Ortiz-Ortiz J, Ortuño-Pineda C, Navarro-Tito N. New Actors Driving the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: The Role of Leptin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1676. [PMID: 33334030 PMCID: PMC7765557 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes; physiologically, it participates in the control of appetite and energy expenditure. However, it has also been linked to tumor progression in different epithelial cancers. In this review, we describe the effect of leptin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in different study models, including in vitro, in vivo, and patient studies and in various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, and ovarian cancer. The different studies report that leptin promotes the expression of mesenchymal markers and a decrease in epithelial markers, in addition to promoting EMT-related processes such as cell migration and invasion and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Finally, we report that leptin has the greatest biological relevance in EMT and tumor progression in breast, lung, prostate, esophageal, and ovarian cancer. This relationship could be due to the key role played by the enriched tumor microenvironment in adipose tissue. Together, these findings demonstrate that leptin is a key biomolecule that drives EMT and metastasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Juan C. Juárez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Miriam D. Zuñiga-Eulogio
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Erika Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Eduardo García-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Ana E. Zacapala-Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Miguel A. Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.A.M.-C.); (J.O.-O.)
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Ácidos Nucleicos y Proteinas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico;
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39090, Mexico; (M.O.-F.); (J.C.J.-C.); (M.D.Z.-E.); (E.A.); (E.G.-R.)
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18
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Boothby-Shoemaker W, Benham V, Paithankar S, Shankar R, Chen B, Bernard JJ. The Relationship between Leptin, the Leptin Receptor and FGFR1 in Primary Human Breast Tumors. Cells 2020; 9:E2224. [PMID: 33019728 PMCID: PMC7600295 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased breast cancer risk and poorer cancer outcomes; however, the precise etiology of these observations has not been fully identified. Our previous research suggests that adipose tissue-derived fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) promotes the malignant transformation of epithelial cells through the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1). FGF2 is increased in the context of obesity, and increased sera levels have been associated with endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Leptin is a marker of obesity and promotes breast carcinogenesis through several mechanisms. In this study, we leverage public gene expression datasets to evaluate the associations between FGFR1, leptin, and the leptin receptor (LepR) in breast cancer. We show a positive association between FGFR1 and leptin protein copy number in primary breast tumors. These observations coincided with a positive association between Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) mRNA with both leptin receptor (LepR) mRNA and FGFR1 mRNA. Moreover, two separate Jak2 inhibitors attenuated both leptin+FGF2-stimulated and mouse adipose tissue-stimulated MCF-10A transformation. These results demonstrate how elevated sera FGF2 and leptin in obese patients may promote cancer progression in tumors that express elevated FGFR1 and LepR through Jak2 signaling. Therefore, Jak2 is a potential therapeutic target for FGFR1 amplified breast cancer, especially in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt Boothby-Shoemaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (W.B.-S.); (V.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Vanessa Benham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (W.B.-S.); (V.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Shreya Paithankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (S.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Rama Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (S.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (W.B.-S.); (V.B.); (B.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (S.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Jamie J. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (W.B.-S.); (V.B.); (B.C.)
- Nicolas V. Perricone Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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