1
|
Burdack J, Giesselbach S, Simak ML, Ndiaye ML, Marquardt C, Schöllhorn WI. Identifying underlying individuality across running, walking, and handwriting patterns with conditional cycle-consistent generative adversarial networks. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1204115. [PMID: 37600317 PMCID: PMC10436554 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1204115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the analysis of movement patterns has increasingly focused on the individuality of movements. After long speculations about weak individuality, strong individuality is now accepted, and the first situation-dependent fine structures within it are already identified. Methodologically, however, only signals of the same movements have been compared so far. The goal of this work is to detect cross-movement commonalities of individual walking, running, and handwriting patterns using data augmentation. A total of 17 healthy adults (35.8 ± 11.1 years, eight women and nine men) each performed 627.9 ± 129.0 walking strides, 962.9 ± 182.0 running strides, and 59.25 ± 1.8 handwritings. Using the conditional cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN), conditioned on the participant's class, a pairwise transformation between the vertical ground reaction force during walking and running and the vertical pen pressure during handwriting was learned in the first step. In the second step, the original data of the respective movements were used to artificially generate the other movement data. In the third step, whether the artificially generated data could be correctly assigned to a person via classification using a support vector machine trained with original data of the movement was tested. The classification F1-score ranged from 46.8% for handwriting data generated from walking data to 98.9% for walking data generated from running data. Thus, cross-movement individual patterns could be identified. Therefore, the methodology presented in this study may help to enable cross-movement analysis and the artificial generation of larger amounts of data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burdack
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Giesselbach
- Knowledge Discovery, Fraunhofer-Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Marvin L. Simak
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mamadou L. Ndiaye
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Apidogo JB, Burdack J, Schöllhorn WI. Learning Multiple Movements in Parallel-Accurately and in Random Order, or Each with Added Noise? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10960. [PMID: 36078674 PMCID: PMC9517918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, studies on learning have mainly focused on the acquisition and stabilization of only single movement tasks. In everyday life and in sports, however, several new skills often must be learned in parallel. The extent to which the similarity of the movements or the order in which they are learned influences success has only recently begun to attract increased interest. This study aimed to compare the effects of CI in random practice order (high CI) with differential learning (DL) in learning three volleyball skills in parallel. Thirty-two advanced beginners in volleyball (mean age = 24, SD = 2.7) voluntarily participated in the study. Within a pre-, post-, retention test design, an intervention of six weeks and one week retention phase, the effects of three practice protocols of a CI, DL, and control (CO) group were compared. Three different volleyball skills (underhand pass, overhand pass, and overhand serve) were trained with emphasis on accuracy. Results showed statistically significant higher rates of improvement in the acquisition and learning phases for the DL group compared to the CI and CO groups. The differences were associated with moderate to high effect sizes in all individual skills and in the combined skills. The findings show more agreement with DL than with CI theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius B. Apidogo
- Akanten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi AK-039, Ghana
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Burdack
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rubajczyk K, Rokita A. The Relative Age Effect and Talent Identification Factors in Youth Volleyball in Poland. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1445. [PMID: 32733325 PMCID: PMC7358257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in team sports have not reported evidence regarding the relative age effect (RAE) in relation to the talent identification (TI) process in volleyball, which is organized and controlled by a national federation. Volleyball is a non-contact team sport in which a player’s physique does not directly affect other players in the game but is considered one of the most critical factors in the TI process. The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the differences in the quarterly distribution of age between Polish youth volleyball players from the Olympic Hopes Tournament (OHT) and the general population, (2) to investigate the quarterly differences in anthropometric characteristics and motor test results in OHT participants, and (3) to identify the criteria that determine selection for the National Volleyball Development Program (NVDP). The present study identified the RAE in young male (n = 2,528) and female (n = 2,441) Polish volleyball players between 14 and 15 years of age who competed in the elite OHT in 2004–2015. The study included anthropometric characteristics, motor test results, and selection for the NVDP. The multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated no significant main effect for birth quarter or calendar age in any of the OHT female players or in male players selected for the NVDP. In the group of non-selected NVDP male players, the analysis demonstrated significant differences by birth quarter as a covariate for body height (F = 0.01, p < 0.001), spike reach (F = 7.33, p < 0.05), and block jump (F = 0.02, p < 0.001). Significant differences by calendar age as a covariate were observed for body mass (F = 0.53, p < 0.01), spike jump (F = 2.64, p < 0.05), block jump (F = 0.4, p < 0.01), and zigzag agility test results (F = 0.01, p < 0.01). The results showed a significant overrepresentation of early-born participants in the OHT and NVDP subsamples. The classification model demonstrated that a combination of four characteristics optimally discriminated between players selected for the NVDP and those who were not selected. This combination of variables correctly classified 77.7% of the female players and 71.8% of the male players in terms of their selection for the NVDP. The results of this study show that jumping ability and body height are crucial in the TI and selection process in youth volleyball.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Rubajczyk
- Department of Team Games Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- Department of Team Games Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bordini FL, Marques I. Validation of a questionnaire to identify variables that influence the decision-making of setters on different process in Volleyball. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Luis Bordini
- Ministério da Defesa, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem Motora, Brazil
| | - Inara Marques
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem Motora, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hileno R, García-de-Alcaraz A, Buscà B, Salas C, Camerino O. What are the Most Widely used and Effective Attack Coverage Systems in Men's Volleyball? J Hum Kinet 2018; 62:111-121. [PMID: 29922383 PMCID: PMC6006527 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In volleyball, attack coverage is one of the play actions most neglected in coaching and research. The purpose of this study was to find out which attack coverage systems are used by high-level men’s teams in different game situations and the characteristics of the most effective systems. We analysed 15 matches from the 2010 Men’s Pan-American Volleyball Cup, with a total of 1,415 coverage actions. Chi-square tests for independence, adjusted residuals analysis and calculations of standardised mean difference were performed. The results show that high-level men’s volleyball uses many coverage systems other than the traditional 3-2-0 and 2-3-0. At this level of play, the most frequent systems were 1-3-1 and 1-2-2, which occurred significantly often at the culmination of a third-tempo attack at the wing. The most effective systems consisted of three coverage lines, with fewer than five players covering the spiker and at least one player in the first coverage line, in both the attack and counterattack phases. Given the large number of coverage systems identified in different game situations, we recommend flexible, loosely structured training in these systems, based on a set of guiding principles that all players on a team must internalise for the specific position they are playing. Regarding the systems’ efficacy, the main watchword is that on each coverage line there should always be at least one player, but the first line should not be exposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Hileno
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonio García-de-Alcaraz
- Faculty of Health Sciences. University Isabel I, Burgos, Spain.,LFE Research Group. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF. Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Buscà
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristòfol Salas
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Oleguer Camerino
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
García-de-Alcaraz A, Marcelino R. Influence of match quality on men’s volleyball performance at different competition levels. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1348058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-de-Alcaraz
- LFE Research Group. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Marcelino
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Medeiros AIA, Marcelino R, Mesquita IM, Palao JM. Performance differences between winning and losing under-19, under-21 and senior teams in men’s beach volleyball. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1304029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre I. A. Medeiros
- Research Group in Biodynamic Human Movement, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rui Marcelino
- Sport Science Department, University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
- Centre of Research in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Mesquita
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. Palao
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Sport Management, University of Wisconsin, Kenosha, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sweeting AJ, Aughey RJ, Cormack SJ, Morgan S. Discovering frequently recurring movement sequences in team-sport athlete spatiotemporal data. J Sports Sci 2017; 35:2439-2445. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1273536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Sweeting
- a Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living , Victoria University , Footscray , VIC , Australia.,b Netball Australia , Fitzroy , VIC , Australia.,c Performance Research, Australian Institute of Sport , Bruce , ACT , Australia
| | - Robert J Aughey
- a Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living , Victoria University , Footscray , VIC , Australia
| | - Stuart J Cormack
- d School of Sport and Exercise Science , Australian Catholic University , Fitzroy , VIC , Australia
| | - Stuart Morgan
- c Performance Research, Australian Institute of Sport , Bruce , ACT , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramos A, Coutinho P, Silva P, Davids K, Mesquita I. How players exploit variability and regularity of game actions in female volleyball teams. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:473-481. [PMID: 28068210 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1271459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Variability analysis has been used to understand how competitive constraints shape different behaviours in team sports. In this study, we analysed and compared variability of tactical performance indices in players within complex I at two different competitive levels in volleyball. We also examined whether variability was influenced by set type and period. Eight matches from the 2012 Olympics competition and from the Portuguese national league in the 2014-2015 season were analysed (1496 rallies). Variability of setting conditions, attack zone, attack tempo and block opposition was assessed using Shannon entropy measures. Magnitude-based inferences were used to analyse the practical significance of compared values of selected variables. Results showed differences between elite and national teams for all variables, which were co-adapted to the competitive constraints of set type and set periods. Elite teams exploited system stability in setting conditions and block opposition, but greater unpredictability in zone and tempo of attack. These findings suggest that uncertainty in attacking actions was a key factor that could only be achieved with greater performance stability in other game actions. Data suggested how coaches could help setters develop the capacity to play at faster tempos, diversifying attack zones, especially at critical moments in competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramos
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Silva
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b FC Zenit , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Keith Davids
- c Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
| | - Isabel Mesquita
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
García-de-Alcaraz A, Ortega E, Palao JM. Effect of Age Group on Technical-Tactical Performance Profile of the Serve in Men's Volleyball. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 123:508-25. [PMID: 27468992 DOI: 10.1177/0031512516660733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the technical-tactical performance profile of the serve for various age groups and categories of competition in men's volleyball. The sample comprised 13,262 serves performed by 986 players in 299 sets observed in various categories of competition (U-14, U-16, U-19, national senior, and international senior). An observational design was used. The variables studied were category of competition, type of execution, and serve performance. The results showed that for higher age groups (senior categories), there were significantly fewer jump serves and poorer serve performance, regardless of players' maturity and training development. The use of the jump serves increased the serve risk while attempting to hinder the organization of the opponent attack. This paper discusses the serve evolution and the implications on the training process at the different age groups in men's volleyball.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gil-Arias A, García-González L, Del Villar F, Moreno A, Moreno MP. Effectiveness of Video Feedback and Interactive Questioning in Improving Tactical Knowledge in Volleyball. Percept Mot Skills 2015; 121:635-53. [DOI: 10.2466/30.pms.121c23x9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to develop and apply a tactical-cognitive training program based on the use of video feedback and questioning in real game time, in order to improve tactical knowledge in volleyball. A two-group quasi-experimental design was used with a sample of eight female players ( M = 14.8yr., SD = 0.7), who were divided into an Experimental group ( n = 4) and a Control group ( n = 4). The independent variable was the tactical-cognitive training program, which was applied for 11 wk. in a 6 × 6 game situation training context. The dependent variable was tactical knowledge, which was measured by problem representation and strategy planning with a verbal protocol. The results showed that after applying the intervention program the players in the Experimental group showed more complex, sophisticated, and structured tactical knowledge, compared with the players from the Control group. These results suggest that complementing the training process with cognitive tools may enable athletes to increases their tactical behavior and presumably improve their performance.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Monitoring and intercepting a fast approaching object is a critical skill for many sports. Athletes might be distinguished from nonathletes based on their ability to access various visual abilities to accomplish interceptive actions. Here, we examined whether interceptive visuomotor skills of athletes and nonathletes are differently correlated to a hierarchy of visuo-oculomotor abilities related to the perception of motion in depth. METHODS Eighty-six athletes in interceptive sports, as well as 60 nonathletes, were recruited based on their sport performance and prior experiences. Their basic visual abilities (dominant eye acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual span, and visual memory) and complex visuo-oculomotor abilities (dynamic acuity, accommodative facility, near point of convergence, and near/far phoria) were analyzed in relation to critical visuomotor skills (manual interception, visually guided locomotion, and depth judgment). RESULTS Discriminant analysis revealed that athletes and nonathletes can be accurately differentiated based on measured visuomotor skills (91.3% accuracy, p < 0.0001). Near point of convergence, accommodative facility, and dynamic acuity were moderately effective in identifying athletes (71.3%, p = 0.002) and in predicting the three visuomotor skills (all r(2) ≥ 0.096, all p ≤ 0.022). Dominant eye acuity and contrast sensitivity also identified athletes (61.4%, p = 0.021) and contributed to complex visuo-oculomotor abilities (all r(2) ≥ 0.046, all p ≤ 0.039). The correlations among measured abilities were more significant for athletes than nonathletes. CONCLUSIONS Athletes in interceptive sports are superior to nonathletes in their visuomotor skills. They also have broader access to various visual and complex visuo-oculomotor abilities than nonathletes. This likely allows athletes to more effectively coordinate visual and oculomotor abilities under demanding conditions when some visual cues are degraded. The present findings are consistent with a pyramid of sports vision and suggest a top-down process for athlete screening and training.
Collapse
|
13
|
Individuality of movements in music--finger and body movements during playing of the flute. Hum Mov Sci 2014; 35:131-44. [PMID: 24767961 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The achievement of mastery in playing a composition by means of a musical instrument typically requires numerous repetitions and corrections according to the keys and notations of the music piece. Nevertheless, differences in the interpretation of the same music piece by highly skilled musicians seem to be recognizable. The present study investigated differences within and between skilled flute players in their finger and body movements playing the same piece several times on the same and on different days. Six semiprofessional and four professional musicians played an excerpt of Mozart's Flute Concerto No. 2 several times on three different days. Finger and body movements were recorded by 3D motion capture and analyzed by linear and nonlinear classification approaches. The findings showed that the discrete and continuous movement timing data correctly identified individuals up to 100% by means of their finger movements and up to 94% by means of their body movements. These robust examples of identifying individual movement patterns contradict the prevailing models of small, economic finger movements that are favored in the didactic literature for woodwind players and question traditional recommendations for teaching the learning of motor skills.
Collapse
|
14
|
Identifying individuality and variability in team tactics by means of statistical shape analysis and multilayer perceptrons. Hum Mov Sci 2012; 31:303-17. [PMID: 21414679 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Marcelino R, Mesquita I, Sampaio J. Effects of quality of opposition and match status on technical and tactical performances in elite volleyball. J Sports Sci 2011; 29:733-41. [PMID: 21424980 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.552516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Afonso J, Mesquita I. Determinants of block cohesiveness and attack efficacy in high-level women's volleyball. Eur J Sport Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2010.487114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Janssen D, Schöllhorn WI, Newell KM, Jäger JM, Rost F, Vehof K. Diagnosing fatigue in gait patterns by support vector machines and self-organizing maps. Hum Mov Sci 2010; 30:966-75. [PMID: 21195495 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to train and test support vector machines (SVM) and self-organizing maps (SOM) to correctly classify gait patterns before, during and after complete leg exhaustion by isokinetic leg exercises. Ground reaction forces were derived for 18 gait cycles on 9 adult participants. Immediately before the trials 7-12, participants were required to completely exhaust their calves with the aid of additional weights (44.4±8.8kg). Data were analyzed using: (a) the time courses directly and (b) only the deviations from each individual's calculated average gait pattern. On an inter-individual level the person recognition of the gait patterns was 100% realizable. Fatigue recognition was also highly probable at 98.1%. Additionally, applied SOMs allowed an alternative visualization of the development of fatigue in the gait patterns over the progressive fatiguing exercise regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janssen
- Training and Movement Science, University of Mainz, Albert Schweitzer Strasse 22, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koch C, Tilp M. Analysis of beach volleyball action sequences of female top athletes. JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT AND EXERCISE 2009. [DOI: 10.4100/jhse.2009.43.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|