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Yun D, Liu J. Preparation, Characterization and Application of Active Food Packaging Films Based on Sodium Alginate and Twelve Varieties of Mandarin Peel Powder. Foods 2024; 13:1174. [PMID: 38672846 PMCID: PMC11048805 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The industrial processing of mandarin fruits yields a large amount of peel waste, resulting in economic losses and environmental pollution. The peels of mandarin fruits are a good source of biomass and active substances that can be used to produce food packaging systems. In this study, active food packaging films were prepared based on sodium alginate and twelve varieties of mandarin peel powder. The structures, properties, and corn oil packaging performance of the films were compared. Results showed that the twelve varieties of mandarin peel powder differed in pectin, lipid, protein, crude fiber, and total phenol contents. The prepared films all exhibited a yellow color, 117.73-152.45 μm thickness, 16.39-23.62% moisture content, 26.03-90.75° water contact angle, 5.38-8.31 × 10-11 g m-1 s-1 Pa-1 water vapor permeability, 5.26-12.91 × 10-20 m2 s-1 Pa-1 oxygen permeability, 4.87-7.90 MPa tensile strength, and 13.37-24.62% elongation at break. Notably, the films containing mandarin peel powder with high pectin and lipid contents showed high moisture/oxygen barrier ability and mechanical properties. The films containing mandarin peel powder with high total phenol content exhibited high antioxidant- and antimicrobial-releasing abilities and good performance in delaying corn oil oxidation. Overall, the results suggested that the films have good application potential in active food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China;
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2
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Gulizia AM, Philippa B, Zacharuk J, Motti CA, Vamvounis G. Plasticiser leaching from polyvinyl chloride microplastics and the implications for environmental risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115392. [PMID: 37690404 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in aquatic environments is a growing concern, particularly due to the leaching of chemical additives such as plasticisers. To develop comprehensive environmental risk assessments (ERAs) of high-concern polymers and plasticisers, an understanding of their leachability is required. This work investigated diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) leaching from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics (average diameter = 191 μm) under simulated marine conditions. Leaching behaviours were quantified using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and the polymer's physiochemical properties analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and optical microscopy. Experimental data were fitted to a diffusion and boundary layer model, which found that BPA leaching was temperature-dependent (diffusion-limited), whereas DEHP leaching was controlled by surface rinsing. Model predictions also highlighted the importance of microplastic size on leaching dynamics. These data contribute towards greater accuracy in ERAs of microplastics, with implications for water quality and waste management, including decommissioning of plastic infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Gulizia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD 4811, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Bronson Philippa
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Jessica Zacharuk
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD 4811, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Cherie A Motti
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD 4811, Australia.
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3
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Meng W, Sun H, Su G. Plastic packaging-associated chemicals and their hazards - An overview of reviews. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138795. [PMID: 37116723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic packaging contains residues from substances used during manufacturing, such as solvents, as well as non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), such as impurities, oligomers, or degradation products. By searching peer-reviewed literature, we found that at least 10,259 chemicals were related to plastic packaging materials, which include chemicals used during manufacturing and/or present in final packaging items. We then summarized and discussed their chemical structures, analytical instruments, migration characteristics, and hazard categories where possible. For plastic packaging chemicals, examination of the literature reveals gas and liquid chromatography hyphenated to a variety of accurate mass analyzers based on the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry is usually used for the identification of unknown migrants coming from plastic packaging. Chemical migration from food packaging is affected by several parameters, including the nature and complexity of the food, contact time, temperature of the system, type of packaging contact layer, and properties of the migrants. A review of the literature reveals that information on adverse effects is only available for approximately 1600 substances. Among them, it appears that additives are more toxic than monomers to wildlife and humans. Neurotoxicity accounted for the highest proportion of toxicity of all types of chemicals, while benzenoids, organic acids, and derivatives were the most toxic types of chemicals. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that hydrocarbon derivatives, organic nitrogen compounds, and organometallic compounds have the highest proportions of dermatotoxicity, and organohalogen compounds have the highest proportions of hepatotoxicity. The main contributors to skin sensitization are organic salts. This study provides a basis for comprehensively publicizing information on chemicals in plastics, and could be helpful to better understand their potential risks to the environment and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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4
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Velickova Nikova E, Temkov M, Rocha JM. Occurrence of meso/micro/nano plastics and plastic additives in food from food packaging. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 103:41-99. [PMID: 36863841 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the occurrence of plastic constituents in food due to the contact with different types of plastic packaging, films and coatings. The type of mechanisms occurring during the contamination of food by different packaging materials are described, as well as how the type of food and packaging may influences the extent of contamination. The main types of contaminants phenomena are considered and comprehensively discussed, along with the regulations in force for the use of plastic food packaging. In addition, the types of migration phenomena and factors that may influence such migration are comprehensively highlighted. Moreover, migration components related to the packaging polymers (monomers and oligomers) and the packaging additives are individually discussed in terms of chemical structure, adverse effects on foodstuffs, health, migration factors, as well as regulated residual values of such components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Velickova Nikova
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN, Macedonia
| | - Mishela Temkov
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, RN, Macedonia
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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5
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Gulizia AM, Patel K, Philippa B, Motti CA, van Herwerden L, Vamvounis G. Understanding plasticiser leaching from polystyrene microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159099. [PMID: 36181812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in our oceans is of growing concern particularly due to the presence of toxic additives, such as plasticisers. Therefore, this work aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the leaching properties of plasticisers from microplastics. This work investigates the leaching of phthalate acid ester (dioctyl terephthalate (DEHT) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)) and diphenol (bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS)) plasticisers from polystyrene (PS) microplastics (mean diameter = 136 μm to 1.4 mm) under controlled aqueous conditions (temperature, agitation, pH and salinity). The leaching behaviours of plasticised polymers were quantified using gel permeation chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and thermal gravimetric analysis, and the particle's plasticisation characterised using differential scanning calorimetry. Leaching rates of phthalate acid ester and diphenol plasticisers were modelled using a diffusion and boundary layer model, whereby these behaviours varied depending on their plasticisation efficiency of PS, the size of the microplastic particle and the surrounding abiotic conditions. Leaching behaviours of DEHT and DEHP were strongly influenced by the microplastic-surface water boundary layer properties, thus wave action (i.e., water agitation) increased the leaching rate of these plasticiser up to 66 % over 21-days, whereas BPA and BPS plasticisers displayed temperature- and size-dependent leaching and were limited by molecular diffusion throughout the bulk polymer (i.e., the microplastic). This information will improve predictions of plasticiser concentration (both that remain in the plastic and released into the surrounding water) at specific time points during the lifetime of a plastic, ultimately ensuring greater accuracy in the assessment of toxicity responses and environmental water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Gulizia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Kishan Patel
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD, Australia
| | - Bronson Philippa
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD, Australia.
| | - Cherie A Motti
- AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Lynne van Herwerden
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research and Innovation, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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Petrovics N, Kirchkeszner C, Tábi T, Magyar N, Kovácsné Székely I, Szabó BS, Nyiri Z, Eke Z. Effect of temperature and plasticizer content of polypropylene and polylactic acid on migration kinetics into isooctane and 95 v/v% ethanol as alternative fatty food simulants. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Chapke K, Gandhi K, Lata K, Sharma R, Mann B, Singh N. Migration study of chemical additives from low density polyethylene (LDPE) into dahi. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:3283-3295. [PMID: 35872732 PMCID: PMC9304528 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dahi is widely used fermented milk product in India. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is the most extensively used packaging material for Dahi in India. The present study was conducted to develop the analytical methods for extraction and migration of chemical additives from LDPE into dahi. Characterization of dahi packaging materials collected from five different firms was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Focused ultrasound solid liquid extraction method was observed to be better as compared to solid liquid extraction method as the former extracted maximum additives from the LDPE. Out of total 76 chemical additives extracted from LDPE, only eight (10.52%) matched with the existing positive list of polyolefins prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standads (BIS). The overall migration of chemical additives from all the LDPE samples was below their maximum limit as given by BIS standards. Chemical additives which migrated into the simulants included the antioxidants, fatty acids and their derivatives, unreacted hydrocarbons, plasticizers, lubricants and surfactant etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiran Lata
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, 173229 Himachal Pradesh India
| | | | | | - Nishi Singh
- Dairy Chemistry Division, NDRI, Karnal, India
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8
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Li J. Evaluation of fatty tissue representative solvents in extraction of medical devices for chromatographic analysis of devices' extractables and leachables based on Abraham general solvation model. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463240. [PMID: 35752148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Extraction solvents used in chemical characterization (i.e., extractables and leachables testing, E&L) of fatty tissue-contacting medical devices for biocompatibility assessment per ISO 10993 have been studied by Abraham general solvation models. Chemically suitable alternative solvents to fatty tissues in solvation properties (solubility, partition, extraction, etc.) have been proposed based on Abraham's organic solvent system coefficients for water and air to condensed organic solvent phases. This evaluation is built upon the conclusion by Abraham, Acree Jr and Cometto-Muñiz that olive oil is chemically corresponding to fatty tissues. However, olive oil, if used as an extraction solvent to simulate fatty tissues, is in general not analytically expedient (realistic) per ISO 10993-18 (2020) for chromatographic analysis, and it is critical to seek alternative solvents to olive oil to perform the extraction. Although nonpolar solvents such as alkanes have been proposed and used as alternative solvents to vegetable oils, they are not equivalent to olive oil in solvation properties. Due to the practical challenge in chromatographic analysis of oil samples and the difference in migration kinetics of E&L between oil and organic solvents, the computational approach is the only realistic option to evaluate chemically alternative solvents to olive oil to simulate fatty tissue extraction. By comparing Abraham solvent system coefficients for water and air to condensed organic solvent phases distribution, a five-dimensional space distance (D) between solvents and olive oil as a reference solvent is calculated using Abraham and Martin equation to predict alternative or similar solvents to olive oil. The results of the calculation are further evaluated using E&L solubility ratio between solvents and olive oil, taking into consideration of solvent safety and physical properties. It is concluded from the study that butanone and dioxane are chemically the most suitable alternative or representative solvents to olive oil. They can be used as fatty tissue representative solvents in chemical characterization study of medical device. As Abraham solvation model is solvent system specific, not solute specific, the conclusions from this study are considered as universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Chemical Characterization Solutions, LLC, PO Box 113, Newport, MN 55055, USA.
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9
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Kirchkeszner C, Petrovics N, Tábi T, Magyar N, Kovács J, Szabó BS, Nyiri Z, Eke Z. Swelling as a promoter of migration of plastic additives in the interaction of fatty food simulants with polylactic acid- and polypropylene-based plastics. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Shi J, Xu C, Xiang L, Chen J, Cai Z. Tris(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl)phosphate: An Unexpected Abundant Toxic Pollutant Found in PM 2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10570-10576. [PMID: 32786564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel pollutant, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate (I168O), was identified in urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples in a nontargeted screening based on mass spectrometry for the first time. I168O was detected in all samples collected from two typical cities far away from each other in China. The concentrations of I168O reached up to 851 (median: 153) ng/m3, indicating that it was a widespread and abundant pollutant in the air. The antioxidant Irgafos 168 [I168, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite] popularly added in plastics was the most suspected source for the detected I168O. Simulation studies indicated that heating, UV radiation, and water contact might significantly (p < 0.05) transform I168 to I168O. In particular, I168O might be magnificently evaporated into the air at high temperatures. The outdoor inhalation exposure of I168O may exert substantial health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Caihong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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11
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A model study on the migration of Irganox 1010 from low density polyethylene into a fatty food simulant as a function of incorporated spherical and plate-like nanoparticles. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Paseiro-Cerrato R, DeJager L, Begley TH. Assessment of the Impact of Accelerated Migration Testing for Coated Food Cans Using Food Simulants. Molecules 2019; 24:E3123. [PMID: 31466267 PMCID: PMC6749474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an accelerated migration test on food can coatings into food simulants was investigated. Food simulants covering a wide range of polarity were used to conduct migration tests at 60 °C with storage times ranging from 4 h to 30 days. Epoxy-resins, acrylic-phenolic, polyester, and vinyl coatings were exposed to water, 3% acetic acid, 50% ethanol, and Miglyol 812®. Using liquid chromatography coupled to a variety of detectors (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, UFLC-MS/MS, and HPLC-DAD), migration of several monomers and previously identified oligomers, as well as some unidentified migrants, were determined during the experiment. The data from this study was compared to our findings from previous long-term migration studies with storage times ranging from 24 h to 540 days at 40 °C using the same can coating applications. The results illustrate that performing migration experiments for short time periods at 60 °C may mimic migration results that would be obtained at 40 °C after long-term migration tests (up to 1.5 years) from food can coatings into food simulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Paseiro-Cerrato
- US FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Lowri DeJager
- US FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Timothy H Begley
- US FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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Cottaz A, Bouarab L, De Clercq J, Oulahal N, Degraeve P, Joly C. Potential of Incorporation of Antimicrobial Plant Phenolics Into Polyolefin-Based Food Contact Materials to Produce Active Packaging by Melt-Blending: Proof of Concept With Isobutyl-4-Hydroxybenzoate. Front Chem 2019; 7:148. [PMID: 30968015 PMCID: PMC6439309 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest for active food packaging incorporated with natural antimicrobial agents rather than synthetic preservatives. However, most of plastics for direct contact with food are made of polyolefins, usually processed by extrusion, injection, or blow-molding methods while most of natural antimicrobial molecules are thermolabile compounds (e.g., essential oils). Therefore, addition of plant phenolics (with low volatility) to different polyolefins might be promising to design active controlled release packaging processed by usual plastic compounding and used for direct contact with food products. Therefore, up to 2% (wt/wt) of isobutyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (IBHB) was mixed with 3 polyolefins: EVA poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), LLDPE (Linear Low Density Polyethylene), and PP (PolyPropylene) by melt-blending from 75 to 170°C and then pelletized in order to prepare heat-pressed films. IBHB was chosen as an antibacterial phenolic active model molecule against Staphylococcus aureus to challenge the entire processing. Antibacterial activity of films against S. aureus (procedure adapted from ISO 22196 standard) were 4, 6, and 1 decimal reductions in 24 h for EVA, LLDPE, and PP films, respectively, demonstrating the preservation of the antibacterial activity after melt processing. For food contact materials, the efficacy of antimicrobial packaging depends on the release of the antimicrobial molecules. Therefore, the three types of films were placed at 23°C in 95% (v/v) ethanol and the release rates of IBHB were monitored: 101 ± 1%, 32 ± 7%, and 72 ± 9% at apparent equilibrium for EVA, LLDPE, and PP films, respectively. The apparent diffusion coefficients of IBHB in EVA and PP films were 2.8 ± 0.3 × 10−12 and 4.0 ± 1.0 × 10−16 m2s−1. For LLDPE films, IBHB crystals were observed on the surface of films by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy): this blooming effect was due the partial incompatibility of IBHB in LLDPE and its fast diffusion out of the polymer matrix onto the film surface. In conclusion, none of these three materials was suitable for a relevant controlled release packaging targeting the preservation of fresh food, but a combination of two of them is promising by the design of a multilayer packaging: the release could result from permeation through an inner PE layer combined with an EVA one acting as a reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Cottaz
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, IUT Lyon 1, Technopole Alimentec, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
| | - Lynda Bouarab
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, IUT Lyon 1, Technopole Alimentec, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
| | - Justine De Clercq
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, IUT Lyon 1, Technopole Alimentec, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
| | - Nadia Oulahal
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, IUT Lyon 1, Technopole Alimentec, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
| | - Pascal Degraeve
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, IUT Lyon 1, Technopole Alimentec, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
| | - Catherine Joly
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA (Bioingénierie et Dynamique Microbienne aux Interfaces Alimentaires), Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, IUT Lyon 1, Technopole Alimentec, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
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14
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Vera P, Canellas E, Nerín C. Identification of non volatile migrant compounds and NIAS in polypropylene films used as food packaging characterized by UPLC-MS/QTOF. Talanta 2018; 188:750-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Moraczewski K, Stepczyńska M, Malinowski R, Budner B, Karasiewicz T, Jagodziński B. Selected properties of polycaprolactone containing natural anti-aging compounds. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafał Malinowski
- Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes; Toruń Poland
| | - Bogusław Budner
- Institute of Optoelectronics; Military University of Technology; Warsaw Poland
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Liu R, Mabury SA. Unexpectedly High Concentrations of a Newly Identified Organophosphate Ester, Tris(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl) Phosphate, in Indoor Dust from Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9677-9683. [PMID: 30074770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) represent a group of additives with significant levels of production and significant application to various household and industrial products. Given their potential adverse effects on human health, accurate analysis of novel OPEs in indoor dust is crucial. In this study, the novel tris(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168═O) and six well-known OPEs were investigated. The seven target OPEs were detected in 100% of the office and home dust samples, with ∑OPEs (sum of the OPE concentrations) ranging from 2.92 to 124 μg/g [geometric mean (GM) of 12.3 μg/g]. Surprisingly, the novel AO168═O (0.10-11.1 μg/g, GM of 1.97 μg/g) was among the highest-concentration congeners, contributing 1.36-65.5% to ∑OPEs (mean of 20.7%). AO168═O was the dominant congener in the home dust samples, indicating it is an important OPE congener overlooked previously. AO168═O was also detected in Standard Reference Material 2585 (indoor dust) at an elevated concentration of 10.9 μg/g, which was significantly higher than the concentrations of the other target OPEs (0.38-2.17 μg/g). Despite the high concentrations measured in this study, no industrial production or application could be identified for AO168═O. The precursor of AO168═O, tris(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, was detected in 50% of the dust samples, with a GM concentration of 1.48 ng/g. This study demonstrates that human OPE exposure in indoor environments is greater than was previously reported. This is the first report of the occurrence of AO168═O, its precursor, and its hydrolysis products in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto M5S 3H6 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Scott A Mabury
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto M5S 3H6 , Ontario , Canada
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17
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Evaluation of blueberry residue incorporated cassava starch film as pH indicator in different simulants and foodstuffs. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Eskhan A, Banat F, Selvaraj M, Abu Haija M. Enhanced removal of methyl violet 6B cationic dye from aqueous solutions using calcium alginate hydrogel grafted with poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride). Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Hahladakis JN, Velis CA, Weber R, Iacovidou E, Purnell P. An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:179-199. [PMID: 29035713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1255] [Impact Index Per Article: 209.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 60 years plastics production has increased manifold, owing to their inexpensive, multipurpose, durable and lightweight nature. These characteristics have raised the demand for plastic materials that will continue to grow over the coming years. However, with increased plastic materials production, comes increased plastic material wastage creating a number of challenges, as well as opportunities to the waste management industry. The present overview highlights the waste management and pollution challenges, emphasising on the various chemical substances (known as "additives") contained in all plastic products for enhancing polymer properties and prolonging their life. Despite how useful these additives are in the functionality of polymer products, their potential to contaminate soil, air, water and food is widely documented in literature and described herein. These additives can potentially migrate and undesirably lead to human exposure via e.g. food contact materials, such as packaging. They can, also, be released from plastics during the various recycling and recovery processes and from the products produced from recyclates. Thus, sound recycling has to be performed in such a way as to ensure that emission of substances of high concern and contamination of recycled products is avoided, ensuring environmental and human health protection, at all times.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Hahladakis
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Costas A Velis
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststr. 23, D.73527, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Eleni Iacovidou
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Purnell
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
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20
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Factors affecting migration kinetics from a generic epoxy-phenolic food can coating system. Food Res Int 2017; 106:183-192. [PMID: 29579917 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated how the properties of a polymeric can coating film, such as thickness and crosslink density as well as the type of migrant, influence the migration kinetics of model migrants in an attempt to better understand, model and control the migration process. Four model migrants were used BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether), BADGE·H2O, cyclo-diBADGE and Uvitex OB, that differ in size and polarity. Fatty and aqueous food simulants were used at high temperatures (70-130°C). The apparent diffusion coefficients were found to decrease with increasing crosslink density, while they increased with increasing film thickness. The apparent activation energy of BADGE and BADGE-related compounds was calculated from the diffusion data and were high, in the range of 250-264kJmol-1. The polarity of the simulant and the polarity of the migrant were found to influence migration. The results can be used to improve existing migration models, and thereby help to reduce migration from packaging into food by using safety-by-design approaches in new product development.
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21
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Zhou Y, Hou L, Chen H, Steenbakkers R, Sehanobish K, Wu P, Shi Q. FT-IR studies of factors affecting the diffusivity of oligo (oxyethylene) fatty acid ester in PE films: Effect of temperature, ethylene oxide chain length and base resin type. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Ribeiro-Santos R, Sanches-Silva A, Motta JFG, Andrade M, Neves IDA, Teófilo RF, Carvalho MGD, Melo NRD. Combined use of essential oils applied to protein base active food packaging: Study in vitro and in a food simulant. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Liu F, Avena-Bustillos RJ, Chiou BS, Li Y, Ma Y, Williams TG, Wood DF, McHugh TH, Zhong F. Controlled-release of tea polyphenol from gelatin films incorporated with different ratios of free/nanoencapsulated tea polyphenols into fatty food simulants. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Yu WX, Hu CY, Wang ZW. Release of Potassium SORBATE from Pectin- Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films into Food Simulant. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xi Yu
- Department of Packaging Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; Jinan University; Zhuhai 519070 China
| | - Chang-Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; Jinan University; Zhuhai 519070 China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Packaging Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes; Jinan University; Zhuhai 519070 China
- Packaging Engineering Institute; Jinan University; Zhuhai 519070 China
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25
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Bodai Z, Jakab PP, Novák M, Nyiri Z, Szabó BS, Rikker T, Eke Z. Solubility determination as an alternative to migration measurements. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:574-81. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1142676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Massaro M, Riela S, Guernelli S, Parisi F, Lazzara G, Baschieri A, Valgimigli L, Amorati R. A synergic nanoantioxidant based on covalently modified halloysite–trolox nanotubes with intra-lumen loaded quercetin. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2229-2241. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Synergic antioxidant activity was achieved by grafting α-tocopherol derivatives on halloysite nanotubes, and by loading quercetin in the inner lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Massaro
- University of Palermo
- Department STEBICEF
- section Chemistry
- I-90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Serena Riela
- University of Palermo
- Department STEBICEF
- section Chemistry
- I-90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Susanna Guernelli
- University of Bologna
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Filippo Parisi
- University of Palermo
- Department of Physic and Chemistry
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- University of Palermo
- Department of Physic and Chemistry
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Andrea Baschieri
- University of Bologna
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- University of Bologna
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- University of Bologna
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
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27
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Bodai Z, Kirchkeszner C, Novák M, Nyiri Z, Kovács J, Magyar N, Iván B, Rikker T, Eke Z. Migration of Tinuvin P and Irganox 3114 into milk and the corresponding authorised food simulant. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1358-66. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1055523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Chea V, Angellier-Coussy H, Peyron S, Kemmer D, Gontard N. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) films for food packaging: Physical-chemical and structural stability under food contact conditions. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vorleak Chea
- Unité Mixte de Recherche « Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes », INRA/ENSA.M/UMII/CIRAD; Université Montpellier II; CC023, pl. E Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Hélène Angellier-Coussy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche « Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes », INRA/ENSA.M/UMII/CIRAD; Université Montpellier II; CC023, pl. E Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Stéphane Peyron
- Unité Mixte de Recherche « Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes », INRA/ENSA.M/UMII/CIRAD; Université Montpellier II; CC023, pl. E Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex France
| | - Diana Kemmer
- Fraunhofer IVV; Giggenhauser Straße 35 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Nathalie Gontard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche « Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes », INRA/ENSA.M/UMII/CIRAD; Université Montpellier II; CC023, pl. E Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex France
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29
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Bodai Z, Szabó BS, Novák M, Hámori S, Nyiri Z, Rikker T, Eke Z. Analysis of potential migrants from plastic materials in milk by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with liquid-liquid extraction and low-temperature purification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10028-37. [PMID: 25251884 DOI: 10.1021/jf503110v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast analytical method was developed for the determination of six UV stabilizers (Cyasorb UV-1164, Tinuvin P, Tinuvin 234, Tinuvin 326, Tinuvin 327, and Tinuvin 1577) and five antioxidants (Irgafos 168, Irganox 1010, Irganox 3114, Irganox 3790, and Irganox 565) in milk. For sample preparation liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification combined with centrifugation was used to remove fats, proteins, and sugars. After the cleanup step, the sample was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). External standard and matrix calibrations were tested. External calibration proved to be acceptable for Tinuvin P, Tinuvin 234, Tinuvin 326, Tinuvin 327, Irganox 3114, and Irganox 3790. The method was successfully validated with matrix calibration for all compounds. Method detection limits were between 0.25 and 10 μg/kg. Accuracies ranged from 93 to 109%, and intraday precisions were <13%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bodai
- Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques (EKOL), Eötvös Loránd University , 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest 1117, Hungary
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30
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Zhang S, Zhao H. Study on flavonoid migration from active low-density polyethylene film into aqueous food simulants. Food Chem 2014; 157:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Bhunia K, Sablani SS, Tang J, Rasco B. Migration of Chemical Compounds from Packaging Polymers during Microwave, Conventional Heat Treatment, and Storage. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:523-545. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Bhunia
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering; Washington State Univ.; Pullman; WA 99164-6120; U.S.A
| | - Shyam S. Sablani
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering; Washington State Univ.; Pullman; WA 99164-6120; U.S.A
| | - Juming Tang
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering; Washington State Univ.; Pullman; WA 99164-6120; U.S.A
| | - Barbara Rasco
- School of Food Science; Washington State Univ.; Pullman; WA 99164-6376; U.S.A
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32
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López de Dicastillo C, Castro-López MDM, Lasagabaster A, López-Vilariño JM, González-Rodríguez MV. Interaction and release of catechin from anhydride maleic-grafted polypropylene films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:3281-3289. [PMID: 23537090 DOI: 10.1021/am4003364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, investigations were carried out on catechin-loaded maleic anhydride (MAH)-modified polypropylenes (PP). Two maleic-modified polypropylenes (PPMAH) with different maleic concentrations have been blended with PP and catechin to obtain composites of improved catechin retention with the aim of studying the possible interactions between these grafted polymers with antioxidants, and a secondary interest in developing an active antioxidant packaging. Composite physicochemical properties were measured by thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and oxidation induction time (OIT)) and infrared spectroscopy studies. Catechin release profiles into food simulants were obtained by HPLC-PDA-QqQ, following European legislation. Antiradical activity of composites was analyzed by the ABTS and DPPH method. The formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between catechin and functionalized PP has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies. Besides, a small fraction of ester bonds, formed as a result of a chemical reaction between a fraction of the hydrolyzed anhydride and the catechin hydroxyl groups, is not discarded. OIT results also showed an increase in antioxidant effectiveness caused by the presence of catechin- and maleic-modified PPMAH in the blend formulations. Incorporation of MAH-grafted PP increased substantially the retention rate of catechin, being dependent on the MAH content of the grafted polypropylene. The described interactions between catechin and maleic groups, together with changes in PP morphology in comparison with reference PP explained lower antioxidant release. Besides formulation, antioxidant release was dependent on the type of food, the temperature, and the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol López de Dicastillo
- Grupo de Polímeros-Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade de A Coruña, Campus de Esteiro s/n 15403, Ferrol, Spain
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33
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Castro López MDM, Dopico García S, Ares Pernas A, López Vilariño JM, González Rodríguez MV. Effect of PPG-PEG-PPG on the tocopherol-controlled release from films intended for food-packaging applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8163-8170. [PMID: 22846036 DOI: 10.1021/jf301442p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of novel controlled release systems for the delivery of active substances from films intended for food packaging was investigated. Because polyolefins are used highly for food-packaging applications, the reported high retention degree of antioxidants has limited their use for active packaging. Thus, in this study, PP films modified with different chain extenders have been developed to favor and control the release rates of the low molecular weight antioxidant tocopherol. The use of different chain extenders as polymer modifiers (PE-PEG M(w), 575; and PPG-PEG-PPG M(w), 2000) has caused significant changes in tocopherol-specific release properties. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to PDA-FL and PDA-MS was used to test tocopherol and chain extender migration, respectively. The release of tocopherol from the prepared films with two chain extenders into two food simulants was studied. Different temperatures and storage times were also tested. Varying the structural features of the films with the incorporation of different levels of PPG-PEG-PPG, the release of tocopherol (food-packaging additive) into different ethanolic simulants could be clearly controlled. The effect of the temperature and storage time on the release of the antioxidant has been outstanding as their values increased. The migration of the chain extender, also tested, was well below the limits set by European legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Castro López
- Grupo de Polímeros-Centro de Investigacións Tecnológicas (CIT), Universidade de A Coruña, Campus de Esteiro s/n 15403-Ferrol, Spain
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López-de-Dicastillo C, Gómez-Estaca J, Catalá R, Gavara R, Hernández-Muñoz P. Active antioxidant packaging films: Development and effect on lipid stability of brined sardines. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Experimental and theoretical study of thermodynamics and transport properties of multilayer polymeric food packaging. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Jamshidian M, Arab Tehrany E, Cleymand F, Leconte S, Falher T, Desobry S. Effects of synthetic phenolic antioxidants on physical, structural, mechanical and barrier properties of poly lactic acid film. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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37
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Characterization and antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Paraskevopoulou D, Achilias DS, Paraskevopoulou A. Migration of styrene from plastic packaging based on polystyrene into food simulants. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Manzanarez-López F, Soto-Valdez H, Auras R, Peralta E. Release of α-Tocopherol from Poly(lactic acid) films, and its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. J FOOD ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Alin J, Hakkarainen M. Microwave heating causes rapid degradation of antioxidants in polypropylene packaging, leading to greatly increased specific migration to food simulants as shown by ESI-MS and GC-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5418-5427. [PMID: 21513311 DOI: 10.1021/jf1048639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microwave heating of commercial microwavable polypropylene packaging in contact with fatty food simulants caused significant antioxidant degradation and increased specific migration as shown by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Degradation of the antioxidants Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1010 was not detected during conventional heating of polypropylene packaging at the same temperature. The migration into aqueous food simulants was primarily restricted by the water solubility of the migrants. Using isooctane as fatty food simulant caused significant swelling and greatly enhanced overall migration values compared to the other fatty food simulant, 99.9% ethanol, or the aqueous food simulants 10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid, or water. ESI-MS spectra clearly reflected the overall migration values, and the number and amount of compounds detected decreased as the hydrophilicity of the food simulant increased. ESI-MS was shown to be an excellent tool for the analysis of semivolatile migrants and a good complement to GC-MS analysis of volatile migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Alin
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Galotto M, Torres A, Guarda A, Moraga N, Romero J. Experimental and theoretical study of LDPE versus different concentrations of Irganox 1076 and different thickness. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Soto-Valdez H, Auras R, Peralta E. Fabrication of poly(lactic acid) films with resveratrol and the diffusion of resveratrol into ethanol. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Guillard V, Mauricio-Iglesias M, Gontard N. Effect of Novel Food Processing Methods on Packaging: Structure, Composition, and Migration Properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:969-88. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390903001768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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