1
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Analysis of added phosphates in hake fillets by ion-exchange chromatography: A case study of false positives induced by nucleotides coelution. Food Chem 2022; 368:130841. [PMID: 34425335 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize an ion-exchange chromatography method for an accurate quantification of phosphates. Coelution of nucleotides was detected following the quantification of small amounts of di- and trimetaphosphates in hake fillets. In some samples, triphosphates were added to the glaze ice, therefore, defrosting waters (glaze ice + drip loss of fillets) should be analyzed for an effective assessment of the use of phosphates in seafood. Even low amounts of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) triggered false positive results for P2O74- and P3O93-. Keeping the initial isocratic conditions for longer was crucial for the separation of ADP from P2O74- and of IMP from P3O93-. The improved method showed that in general, hake fillets did not have diphosphates, and trimetaphosphates were residual. Triphosphates were clearly added in only four defrosting waters, and in most of the remaining ones, diphosphates and trimetaphosphates contents corresponded to false positive results.
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2
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Pavlovic R, Di Cesare F, Longo F, Abballe F, Panseri S, Bonanni RC, Baccelliere R, Neri B, Chiesa LM. Undeclared (Poly)phosphates Detection in Food of Animal Origin as a Potential Tool toward Fraud Prevention. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071547. [PMID: 34359417 PMCID: PMC8304278 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(Poly)phosphates are approved as water-preserving and emulsifying agents that improve the appearance and consistency of many food products. The labelling of added (poly)phosphates is essential for protecting vulnerable population groups and to prevent unfair trade practices resulting in economic fraud. The problems with (poly)phosphates' utilisation concerns both analytical and legislative issues, such as: (1) their straightforward detection; (2) excessive addition altering freshness perception and misleading consumers; (3) uncontrolled usage increasing foodstuff weight; (4) application in products where they are not permitted; and (5) no indication on the label. Bearing all these issues in mind, the main purpose of this study was the quantification and screening of the (poly)phosphates profile in meat, marine and dairy products (160 samples), of which 43 were without declared (poly)phosphate treatment. Analysis was completed by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography either with conductometric detection or coupled to Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Although the (poly)phosphates profiles varied greatly according to species and processing type, the following criteria for detection of illicit treatment were established: high orthophosphate level, quantified short-chain (poly)phosphate anions and the presence of long-chain forms. In conclusion, the instrumental platforms used in this study can be recommended to inspection bodies as reliable methods for the detection of food adulteration with (poly)phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.P.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.P.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Francesca Longo
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (R.C.B.); (R.B.); (B.N.)
| | - Franco Abballe
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Strada Rivoltana, 20090 Rodano, Italy;
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.P.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rossana Claudia Bonanni
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (R.C.B.); (R.B.); (B.N.)
| | - Rocco Baccelliere
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (R.C.B.); (R.B.); (B.N.)
| | - Bruno Neri
- Laboratorio Chimica degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (R.C.B.); (R.B.); (B.N.)
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.P.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.)
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3
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Kim HS, Jang DY, Koo YJ, Pack EC, Lee SH, Choi DW. Safety assessment of condensed phosphate intake from fishery and processed marine food products in Korea with respect to gender, age, and region. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Condensed phosphates are used as food additives, especially in marine products and meat, to improve food quality. The import and consumption of fishery and processed marine food products in Republic of Korea have reportedly increased by ~5 per cent annually. However, processed marine food products are often intentionally adulterated with excessive amounts of condensed phosphates to increase their weight. Excessive intake of condensed phosphates via consuming processed marine food products can lead to various adverse effects on human health due to anionic imbalance. Herein, we conducted a safety assessment of condensed phosphates in 14 types of fishery and processed marine food products in Korea for the first time. Subgroup analysis of various factors including gender, age, and region was also performed, and the risk level of exposure for each group was estimated. Safety assessments by age and gender indicated that infants were at the highest risk. In the regional safety assessment, Chungnam, the most inland region, showed the lowest risk. For both the general and the high-intake groups (95th percentile) in all classifications, the risk was lower (<20 per cent) than the international standard, and the phosphorus content of the 14 types of processed marine products in Korea was confirmed to be safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Soo Kim
- Health Science Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Jang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Koo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chul Pack
- School of Health and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ha Lee
- Health Science Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Woong Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Xie HH, Guo L, Yan A, Liu F, Wan Y. Simultaneous determination of five phosphates in dairy products by ion chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1811726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Xie
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lan Guo
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Yan
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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5
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Rapid method for the determination of citrate, phosphate and sulfite in seafood by capillary zone electrophoresis. Food Chem 2020; 321:126705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Panseri S, Arioli F, Biolatti C, Mosconi G, Pavlovic R, Chiesa LM. Detection of polyphosphates in seafood and its relevance toward food safety. Food Chem 2020; 332:127397. [PMID: 32645675 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphates are permitted as food additives (Regulation EC No 1129/2011) but their undeclared utilisation is considered fraudulent. They improve water holding capacity of the seafood, preventing biochemical/physical changes during commercialization. The key objective of this study was the detection of polyphosphate in various seafood categories, by means of high-performance ion-exchange chromatography with suppressed conductometry (HPIEC-SCD) coupled to Q-Exactive Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS-Orbitrap). Ten frozen cuttlefish samples did not reveal any treatment, while in ten frigate tunas, high concentration of orthophospate was found. Unambiguous hexametaphosphate presence was demonstrated in four prawn samples, while triphosphate was quantified (11.2 ± 4 ug/g) in another four prawn samples that contained orthophosphate (10225 ± 1102 ug/g), as well. Other samples sporadically encompassed polyphosphates profiles that varied according species and processing type. This analytical approach provided sustenance in better understanding regarding utilization of polyphosphates through HRMS fingerprinting of anionic species that would be specific in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Biolatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna, 148, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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7
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Iammarino M, Haouet N, Di Taranto A, Berardi G, Benedetti F, Di Bella S, Chiaravalle AE. The analytical determination of polyphosphates in food: A point-to-point comparison between direct ion chromatography and indirect photometry. Food Chem 2020; 325:126937. [PMID: 32387985 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Being an indirect approach, the standard method for the determination of polyphosphates (PPs) in food maybe characterized by high variability which can lead to significant errors in the final measurement. In this study, this method was validated and then compared to the ion chromatography-based approach. Method trueness and measurement uncertainty resulted comparable, while the precision of ion chromatography approach was higher. No "false positive" responses were obtained from ion chromatography analysis, while indirect photometry may cause "false positive" results (5% of analyzed samples). Regarding "false negative" results, this possibility maybe verified for all food types tested and for seafood when using indirect photometry and ion chromatography, respectively. The percentages of "false negative" samples were equal to 23.3% for indirect photometry and 10% for ion chromatography. In conclusion, the indirect photometry is a reliable method especially as "screening technique", while ion chromatography maybe used as a confirmatory technique, successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iammarino
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Naceur Haouet
- Food Control Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Di Taranto
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Berardi
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Benedetti
- Food Control Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sara Di Bella
- Food Control Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Eugenio Chiaravalle
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
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8
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Song M, Park J, Lee J, Suh H, Lee H, Ryu D, Lee C. New Analytical Approach for The Determination of Calcium Phosphate Dibasic and Tribasic in Processed Food by Comparison of Ion Chromatography With High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Foods 2020; 9:E248. [PMID: 32106409 PMCID: PMC7143908 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method to measure solubilized orthophosphate ions (HPO42- and PO43- ) from the water-insoluble food additives calcium phosphate dibasic (DCP) and calcium phosphate tribasic (TCP) in processed foods was optimized by comparing ion chromatography (IC) coupled with DS6 conductivity detector (Cond.) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) methods. The ion-pairing HPLC method could analyze calcium and phosphate ions successively. However, this method exhibited low reproducibility after approximately 48 hours of measurements. The IC method was established as an effective method of measuring orthophosphate ions with high reproducibility using distilled water and KOH solution as the mobile phase with a Dionex column. Matrix-based limit of detections (LOD) and limit of quantifications (LOQ) for snacks and cereals were estimated in the range of 0.01-0.91 µg/mL and 0.21-2.74 µg/mL, respectively. In inter-day and intra-day tests, the calculated precision (%RSD) and accuracy (recovery %) ranged from 0.5% to 6.6% and 82% to 117%, respectively, in both food samples. The levels of DCP or TCP could be analyzed in various positive food samples, and the developed IC method demonstrated good applicability in the analysis of DCP and TCP in collected processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Song
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si 17546, Korea; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Juhee Park
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si 17546, Korea; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si 17546, Korea;
| | - Heejae Suh
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, Chungchengnam-do 31460, Korea;
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, ID 83844–2312, USA;
| | - Dojin Ryu
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, ID 83844–2312, USA;
| | - Chan Lee
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BrainKorea21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si 17546, Korea; (M.S.); (J.P.)
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9
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Composition of herring and cod fillets from the North and the Baltic Sea – Detecting added water. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Kim HS, Koo YJ, Lee M, Pack EC, Jang DY, Lee SH, Lim KM, Choi DW. An optimised method for the rapid analysis of condensed phosphates in fishery and processed marine food products using ion chromatography and microwave sample processing. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:205-215. [PMID: 31990641 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1693634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Condensed phosphates are deliberately added to the fishery and processed marine food products on purpose to increase the weight of products. However, excessive intake overwhelming bodily homoeostasis can result in phosphate toxicity such as mineral and bone disorders, associated with chronic kidney diseases, and cardiovascular events. Rapid analysis for condensed phosphates is required to detect the illegal adulteration of processed marine products. We optimised an analytical method using ion chromatography for the rapid and selective detection of condensed phosphates in various kinds of fishery and processed marine products. We compared the performance of three columns (IonPac AS11, AS11-HC, and AS16) for the detection of condensed phosphates with respect to time of analysis and sensitivity. The IonPac AS11 column exhibited the shortest retention time for the major condensed phosphates (pyro-, tri-, and trimetaphosphate), the highest sensitivity for trimetaphosphate, and good repeatability and precision. Microwave and boiling processing were examined as methods to prevent hydrolysis of condensed phosphates into orthophosphate, which is critical in distinguishing intentionally added condensed phosphates from naturally occurring orthophosphate. Microwave treatment was determined to be the more effective method to suppress hydrolysis of condensed phosphates to orthophosphate. Furthermore, microwave processing could be used for thawing the frozen samples, saving extra effort and time. We confirmed that the method exhibits good recovery (80% or more) and precision (%RSD < 10%) for samples with various matrices. With the method, 14 kinds of fishery and processed marine food products were successfully analysed for condensed phosphates. Especially, we identified that phosphate levels in the processed shrimp and dried shredded squid samples exceeded the maximum allowable levels specified in the CODEX standard. We believe that our method would be useful for the rapid analysis of condensed phosphates in various types of fishery and processed marine food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Soo Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Koo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chul Pack
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Jang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ha Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Woong Choi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science,Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Bisenius S, Ludmann M, Neuhaus H, Effkemann S, Heemken O, Bartelt E, Haunhorst E, Kehrenberg C. The impact of food additives on the chemical composition in cod (Gadus morhua): a comparative study. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Kaufmann A, Widmer M, Maden K, Butcher P, Walker S. Analysis of a variety of inorganic and organic additives in food products by ion-pairing liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5629-5640. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Tong Thi AN, Samapundo S, Devlieghere F, Heyndrickx M. Microbiota of frozen Vietnamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) marketed in Belgium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-016-0041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Manthey-Karl M, Lehmann I, Ostermeyer U, Schröder U. Natural Chemical Composition of Commercial Fish Species: Characterisation of Pangasius, Wild and Farmed Turbot and Barramundi. Foods 2016; 5:E58. [PMID: 28231154 PMCID: PMC5302398 DOI: 10.3390/foods5030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To comply with the relevant legal requirements and correct labelling, it is necessary for business operators and inspection authorities to know the natural characteristics of the raw material. This study gives a comprehensive overview of muscle flesh composition of farmed and wild Atlantic turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and of farmed pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). The proximate composition, di- and triphosphates and citric acid values are presented in order to evaluate possible indicators for a hidden treatment during processing to fillets. All moisture contents were ≤80%. Even for pangasius, protein values for deep skinned fillets of ≥18% were determined. Only small quantities of naturally occurring citric acid (up to 0.03 g·kg-1) were detectable. The lipid content was the most varying main component within the different species, ranging between 1.2% to 2.0% and 0.3% to 3.0% for farmed turbot and barramundi, respectively. Pangasius flesh had a mean lipid content of 7.8%. Trimming and separation of the red layer reduced the lipid content of the commercially sold white-flesh fillets to 2.7% to 3.5%. Fatty acids profiles, free amino acids, and minerals were analysed to show the nutritional quality of the aquaculture fish species and compared to wild turbot and barramundi. Despite some natural variation, these components can be considered as comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Manthey-Karl
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ines Lehmann
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ute Ostermeyer
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ute Schröder
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
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15
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Manthey-Karl M, Lehmann I, Ostermeyer U, Rehbein H, Schröder U. Meat Composition and Quality Assessment of King Scallops ( Pecten maximus) and Frozen Atlantic Sea Scallops ( Placopecten magellanicus) on a Retail Level. Foods 2015; 4:524-546. [PMID: 28231221 PMCID: PMC5224553 DOI: 10.3390/foods4040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An enlarged range of scallop products on the market allows the consumer to buy lower priced alternatives, which often raises the question of quality and control. Frozen meat of king scallops (Pecten maximus) and Atlantic sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) were purchased on the German market and compared with fresh shell-on king scallops of various origin. The approximate composition, inclusive citric acid and phosphates, minerals, free amino acids (FAA) and fatty acid profiles were examined in the muscle to identify changes as a result of processing. The FAA glycine and taurine as well the fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) were the most abundant, but were reduced in processed samples. Di- and triphosphate contents were not detectable (<0.01 g·kg-1) in untreated meats. Most frozen scallop products contained added citrates and polyphosphates and had distinctly higher water contents (up to 89%) and an increased moisture to protein ratio (M/P) (up to 9) compared with the fresh king scallops (78%, M/P < 5). Labelling of species, verified by PCR-based DNA analysis, and ingredients were not correct in each case. Overall results indicated no relevant differences in mineral content, except high sodium contents, resulting from additives. Labelling does not readily allow the consumer to recognize the extent of processing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Manthey-Karl
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ines Lehmann
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ute Ostermeyer
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Rehbein
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ute Schröder
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
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Wang L, Li J, Zhang L. Determination of polyphosphates in fish and shrimp muscles by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection after phosphatase inhibition using high pressure pretreatment. Food Chem 2015; 185:349-54. [PMID: 25952878 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A method was proposed for the determination of polyphosphates (P2O7(4-), P3O10(5-) and (PO3)3(3-)) in fish and shrimp muscles by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection after phosphatase inhibition using high pressure pretreatment (HPP). Separation parameters were optimized and the effects of HPP on deactivation of enzyme were investigated. Well resolution was obtained with 10 mM adenosine 5'-phosphate (ATP) in 16 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate combining with 32 mM citric acid buffer (pH = 6.4) containing 0.1 mM cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, and phosphatase was effectively inhibited by HPP at 400 MPa for 10 min. Method was validated with LOD (0.23-0.33 mg g(-1)) and LOQ (0.77-1.0 mg g(-1)). Recovery of P2O7(4-), P3O10(5-) and (PO3)3(3-) in the fortified samples were in the range of 91.6-100.1%, 97.6-104.6% and 79.1-88.1%, respectively, and the corresponding RSD ranged from 1.1% to 6.8%. Finally, the method was applied in the determination of polyphosphates in food samples collected from local markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Juan Li
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Lichko L, Kulakovskaya T. Polyphosphatase PPX1 of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> as a Tool for Polyphosphate Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aer.2015.34010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bjørkevoll I, Reboredo RG, Fossen I. Methods for phosphate addition in heavy salted cod (Gadus morhua L.). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Determination of polyphosphates in products of animal origin: application of a validated ion chromatography method for commercial samples analyses. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nguyen MV, Jonsson JO, Thorkelsson G, Arason S, Gudmundsdottir A, Thorarinsdottir KA. Quantitative and qualitative changes in added phosphates in cod (Gadus morhua) during salting, storage and rehydration. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kulakovskaya TV, Vagabov VM, Kulaev IS. Inorganic polyphosphate in industry, agriculture and medicine: Modern state and outlook. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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