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Jacobs GP. Irradiation of pharmaceuticals: A literature review. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schreiner V, Detampel P, Jirkof P, Puchkov M, Huwyler J. Buprenorphine loaded PLGA microparticles: Characterization of a sustained-release formulation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Riaud M, Martinez MC, Montero-Menei CN. Scaffolds and Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Approach for Cardiac Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1195. [PMID: 33317141 PMCID: PMC7763019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated the regenerative potential of stem cells for cardiac repair over the past decades, but their widespread use is limited by the poor tissue integration and survival obtained. Natural or synthetic hydrogels or microcarriers, used as cell carriers, contribute to resolving, in part, the problems encountered by providing mechanical support for the cells allowing cell retention, survival and tissue integration. Moreover, hydrogels alone also possess mechanical protective properties for the ischemic heart. The combined effect of growth factors with cells and an appropriate scaffold allow a therapeutic effect on myocardial repair. Despite this, the effects obtained with cell therapy remain limited and seem to be equivalent to the effects obtained with extracellular vesicles, key actors in intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles have cardioprotective effects which, when combined proangiogenic properties with antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions, make it possible to act on all the damages caused by ischemia. The evolution of biomaterial engineering allows us to envisage their association with new major players in cardiac therapy, extracellular vesicles, in order to limit undesirable effects and to envisage a transfer to the clinic. This new therapeutic approach could be associated with the release of growth factors to potentialized the beneficial effect obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Riaud
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, SFR ICAT, F-49800 Angers, France;
- CRCINA, UMR 1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, F-49933 Angers, France
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Combined therapy for critical limb ischaemia: Biomimetic PLGA microcarriers potentiates the pro-angiogenic effect of adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1363-1373. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Turker NS, Özer AY, Çolak Ş, Kutlu B, Nohutçu R. ESR investigations of gamma irradiated medical devices. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 130:121-130. [PMID: 28961487 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) biomaterials have been employed in recent years for periodontal procedures. In the present study, widely used dental GTR/GBR biomaterials (grafts: G1, G2, G3 and membranes: M1, M2, M3, M4) were exposed to gamma irradiation at an absorbed dose range of 0-50kGy and the radiolytic intermediates that have been created in the samples upon irradiation were characterized in detail by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. We aimed to standardize the measurement conditions for practical applications of gamma radiation sterilization of GTR/GBR biomaterials. We investigated the characteristic features of free radicals in gamma irradiated GTR/GBR biomaterials and examined the stability of the induced radicals at room temperature and accelerated stability conditions with ESR spectroscopy including dose-response curves, microwave power studies, dosimetric features of the biomaterials, variations of the peak heights with temperature, and long term stabilities of the radical species. Long-term stability studies have shown that G1 is quite stable even in accelerated storage conditions. The signal intensities of graft-type GTR/GBR biomaterials stored in normal and stability conditions have decreased very rapidly even only a few days after gamma irradiation sterilization. Thus, those samples indicating relatively low stability features can be very good candidates for the radiosterilization process. The beta-tricalcium phosphate and PLGA containing G1 and M1 respectively have found to be the most gamma stable bone substitute biomaterials and be safely sterilized by gamma radiation. ESR spectroscopy is an appropriate technique in giving important detailed spectroscopic findings in the gamma radiation sterilization studies of GTR/GBR biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Selcan Turker
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Yekta Özer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Şeyda Çolak
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Physics Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Kutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahime Nohutçu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
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Mohanan D, Gander B, Kündig TM, Johansen P. Encapsulation of antigen in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres protects from harmful effects of γ-irradiation as assessed in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:274-81. [PMID: 22024408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, synthetic polymers such as poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have been investigated for the development of nano- or microparticles as adjuvants or antigen vehicles. To enable transfer of this technology to human settings, the issue of sterilisation is of central importance. Since most polymers are heat-sensitive, sterilisation of polymeric microspheres for parenteral administration is assured either by costly and laborious aseptical preparation or the more preferred γ-irradiation. Many studies have investigated the effect of γ-irradiation on various physiochemical properties of the microspheres, but investigations on immunological effects are rare. We prepared poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA) and tested the effect of γ-irradiation on the various immunological properties in mice. For reference, OVA was γ-irradiated and tested equivalently. The ability of encapsulated or non-encapsulated OVA to trigger activation of dendritic cells (DCs) was not affected by irradiation. However, while γ-irradiation of free OVA strongly influenced the antigen presentation, encapsulated OVA was not affected by irradiation. γ-Irradiation of OVA also reduced the immunogenicity in mice with regard to OVA-specific IgG1 production. In contrast, the antibody and the T-cell responses in mice immunised with PLGA-encapsulated OVA were similar irrespective of the γ-irradiation status. Hence, encapsulation of antigen into PLGA microspheres protects antigen from the potential detrimental effect of γ-irradiation leading to inactivation or altered immunogenicity. Sterilisation by γ-irradiation therefore enables a cost-effective production of PLGA-based antigen-delivery systems as compared to the more laborious and expensive aseptical production of such vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mohanan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Eisenbrey JR, Hsu J, Wheatley MA. Plasma sterilization of poly lactic acid ultrasound contrast agents: surface modification and implications for drug delivery. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2009; 35:1854-62. [PMID: 19766380 PMCID: PMC3666844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.06.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Poly lactic acid (PLA) ultrasound contrast agents (CA) have been developed previously in our laboratory for ultrasound (US) imaging, as well as surface coated with doxorubicin to create a potential targeted platform of chemotherapeutic delivery using focused US. However, we have previously found it impossible to sterilize these agents while at the same time maintaining their acoustic properties, a task that would probably require fabrication within a clean facility. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using plasma to sterilize these CA while maintaining maximum echogenicity, a step that would greatly facilitate in vivo investigations. Effects of plasma exposure time (1, 3 and 6 min) and intensity (low-10 mA, 6.8 W; medium-15 mA, 10.5 W; and high-25 mA, 18 W) on the CAs' acoustic properties, surface morphology, zeta potential, capacity to carry chemotherapeutics and overall sterility are described. Both increases in plasma intensity and exposure time increased CA zeta potential and also significantly increased drug payload. High-intensity plasma exposure for 3 min was found to be an optimal sterilization protocol for maximal (100%) preservation of CA echogenicity. Plasma exposure resulted in sterile samples and maintained original CA enhancement of 20 dB and acoustic half-life over 75 min, while increasing CA zeta potential by 11 mV and doxorubicin loading efficiency by 10%. This study not only shows how a highly temperature- and pressure-sensitive agent can be sterilized using plasma, but also that surface modification can be used to increase surface binding of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margaret A. Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University 3141 Chestnut St. Philadelphia PA, 19128, USA (215) 895-2232
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Effects of ionizing radiation sterilization on microparticulate drug delivery systems based on poly-α-hydroxyacids: an overview. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(09)50017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dorati R, Colonna C, Tomasi C, Genta I, Modena T, Faucitano A, Buttafava A, Conti B. gamma-irradiation of PEGd,lPLA and PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers: II. effect of oxygen and EPR investigation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:1110-8. [PMID: 18987978 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate how the presence of oxygen can affect irradiation-induced degradation reactions of PEGd,lPLA and PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers submitted to gamma irradiation and to investigate the radiolytic behavior of the polymers. PEGd,lPLA, PEG-PLGA, PLA, and PLGA were irradiated by using a (60)Co irradiation source in air and under vacuum at 25 kGy total dose. Mw and Mn were evaluated by gel permeation chromatography. The stability study was carried out on three samples sets: (a) polymer samples irradiated and stored in air, (b) polymer samples irradiated and stored under vacuum, and (c) polymer samples irradiated under vacuum and stored in air. The thermal and radiolytic behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), respectively. Samples irradiated in air showed remarkable Mw and Mn reduction and Tg value reduction due to radiation-induced chain scission reactions. Higher stability was observed for samples irradiated and stored under vacuum. EPR spectra showed that the presence of PEG units in multiblock copolymer chains leads to: (a) decrease of the radiolytic yield of radicals and (b) decrease of the radical trapping efficiency and faster radical decay rates. It can be concluded that the presence of oxygen during the irradiation process and the storage phase significantly increases the entity of irradiation-induced damage.
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Dorati R, Colonna C, Serra M, Genta I, Modena T, Pavanetto F, Perugini P, Conti B. gamma-Irradiation of PEGd,lPLA and PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers. I. Effect of irradiation doses. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:718-25. [PMID: 18528761 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of different gamma irradiation doses on PEGd,lPLA and PEG-PLGA multiblock copolymers. The behaviour of the multiblock copolymers to irradiation was compared to that of PLA, PLGA polymers. PEGd,lPLA, PEG-PLGA, PLA and PLGA polymers were irradiated by using a (60)Co irradiation source at 5, 15, 25 and 50 kGy total dose. Characterization was performed on all samples before and after irradiation, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared absorption spectrophotometry (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effect of gamma irradiation on polymer stability was also evaluated. Results of NMR and FTIR suggest an increase in -OH and -COOH groups, attributed to scission reactions induced by irradiation treatment. Data of GPC analysis showed that the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polymer samples decreased with increasing irradiation dose. The extent of Mw degradation expressed as percentage of Mw reduction was more prominent for polymers with high molecular weight as PEGd,lPLA and PLA. The dominant effect of gamma-irradiation on both polymer samples was chain scission. The multiblock copolymer PEGd,lPLA presented higher sensitivity to irradiation treatment with respect to PLA, likely due to the presence of PEG in the matrix. The effect of gamma irradiation continues over a much longer period of time after gamma irradiation has been performed. It is suggested that the material reacts with oxygen to form peroxyl free radicals, which may further undergo degradation reactions during storage after irradiation.
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Ražem D, Katušin-Ražem B. The effects of irradiation on controlled drug delivery/controlled drug release systems. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Igartua M, Hernández RMA, Rosas JE, Patarroyo ME, Pedraz JL. Gamma-irradiation effects on biopharmaceutical properties of PLGA microspheres loaded with SPf66 synthetic vaccine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 69:519-26. [PMID: 18280123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-irradiation is currently the method of choice for terminal sterilization of drug delivery systems made from biodegradable polymers. However, the consequences of gamma-sterilization on the immune response induced by microencapsulated antigens have not yet been reported in the literature. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of gamma-irradiation on the biopharmaceutical properties of PLGA microspheres containing SPf66 malarial antigen. Microspheres were prepared by a (w/o/w) double emulsion/solvent extraction method. Once prepared, part of the formulation was irradiated at a dose of 25 kGy using 60Co gamma as radiation source. The in vitro results obtained showed that the gamma-irradiation exposure had no apparent effect on SPf66 integrity and formulation properties such us morphology, size and peptide loading. Only the release rate of SPf66 was slightly faster after gamma-irradiation. Subcutaneous administration of irradiated and non-irradiated microspheres into mice induced a similar immune response (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a levels) and was comparable to that obtained with SPf66 emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant. These observations illustrate the applicability of gamma-irradiation as a method of terminal sterilization of microparticulate delivery systems based on chemically synthesized antigens encapsulated into biodegradable PLGA microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoli Igartua
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Faisant N, Siepmann J, Richard J, Benoit JP. Mathematical modeling of drug release from bioerodible microparticles: effect of gamma-irradiation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2003; 56:271-9. [PMID: 12957642 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioerodible polymers used in controlled drug delivery systems, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) undergo radiolytic degradation during gamma-irradiation. In spite of the considerable practical importance, yet only little knowledge is available on the consequences of this sterilization method on the resulting drug release patterns in a quantitative way. The major objectives of the present study were: (i) to monitor the effects of different gamma-irradiation doses on the physicochemical properties of drug-free and drug-loaded, PLGA-based microparticles; (ii) to analyze the obtained experimental results using adequate mathematical models; (iii) to get further insight into the occurring physical and chemical phenomena; and (iv) to relate the applied gamma-irradiation dose in a quantitative way to the resulting drug release rate. 5-Fluorouracil-loaded, PLGA-based microparticles were prepared with an oil-in-water solvent extraction method and exposed to gamma-irradiation doses ranging from 0 to 33 kGy. Size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, determination of the actual drug loading and in vitro drug release kinetics were used to study the effects of the gamma-irradiation dose on the physicochemical properties of the microparticles. Two mathematical models-a simplified and a more comprehensive one-were used to analyze the experimental results. The simplified model considers drug diffusion based on Fick's second law for spherical geometry and a Higuchi-like pseudo-steady-state approach. The complex model combines Monte Carlo simulations (describing polymer erosion) with partial differential equations quantifying drug diffusion with time-, position- and direction-dependent diffusivities. Interestingly, exponential relationships between the gamma-irradiation dose and the initial drug diffusivity within the microparticles could be established. Based on this knowledge both models were used to predict the resulting drug release kinetics as a function of the gamma-irradiation dose. Importantly, the theoretical predictions were confirmed by experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Faisant
- INSERM ERIT-M 0104, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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