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Adelli GR, Balguri SP, Bhagav P, Raman V, Majumdar S. Diclofenac sodium ion exchange resin complex loaded melt cast films for sustained release ocular delivery. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:370-379. [PMID: 28165833 PMCID: PMC8253122 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1256000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The goal of the present study is to develop polymeric matrix films loaded with a combination of free diclofenac sodium (DFSfree) and DFS:Ion exchange resin complexes (DFS:IR) for immediate and sustained release profiles, respectively. Methods: Effect of ratio of DFS and IR on the DFS:IR complexation efficiency was studied using batch processing. DFS:IR complex, DFSfree, or a combination of DFSfree + DFS:IR loaded matrix films were prepared by melt-cast technology. DFS content was 20% w/w in these matrix films. In vitro transcorneal permeability from the film formulations were compared against DFS solution, using a side-by-side diffusion apparatus, over a 6 h period. Ocular disposition of DFS from the solution, films and corresponding suspensions were evaluated in conscious New Zealand albino rabbits, 4 h and 8 h post-topical administration. All in vivo studies were carried out as per the University of Mississippi IACUC approved protocol. Results: Complexation efficiency of DFS:IR was found to be 99% with a 1:1 ratio of DFS:IR. DFS release from DFS:IR suspension and the film were best-fit to a Higuchi model. In vitro transcorneal flux with the DFSfree + DFS:IR(1:1)(1 + 1) was twice that of only DFS:IR(1:1) film. In vivo, DFS solution and DFS:IR(1:1) suspension formulations were not able to maintain therapeutic DFS levels in the aqueous humor (AH). Both DFSfree and DFSfree + DFS:IR(1:1)(3 + 1) loaded matrix films were able to achieve and maintain high DFS concentrations in the AH, but elimination of DFS from the ocular tissues was much faster with the DFSfree formulation. Conclusion: DFSfree + DFS:IR combination loaded matrix films were able to deliver and maintain therapeutic DFS concentrations in the anterior ocular chamber for up to 8 h. Thus, free drug/IR complex loaded matrix films could be a potential topical ocular delivery platform for achieving immediate and sustained release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham R Adelli
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Sai Prachetan Balguri
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Prakash Bhagav
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
| | - Vijayasankar Raman
- b National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA , and
| | - Soumyajit Majumdar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA.,c Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University , MS , USA
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Rajesh AM, Popat KM. Taste masking of azithromycin by resin complex and sustained release through interpenetrating polymer network with functionalized biopolymers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:732-741. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1224894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jain SK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Pandey AN, Rajpoot K. Development and in vitro characterization of a multiparticulate delivery system for acyclovir-resinate complex. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1266-75. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1024841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amrish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Aditya N. Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kuldeep Rajpoot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Gao Y, Liu H, Yuan J, Yang Y, Che X, Hou Y, Li S. Loading and release of amine drugs by ion-exchange fibers: role of amine type. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1095-103. [PMID: 24504538 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With more production and application of ion-exchange fibers (IEFs), it becomes necessary to understand the interaction between IEFs and amine compounds, an important group of organic drugs and structural components of large organic molecules in biological systems. However, so far few experimental studies have been conducted to systematically investigate the exchanging mechanism of amine compounds to IEFs. Therefore, 15 amine drugs were selected to investigate the effect of amine type on the loading and release of them from the related IEFs. Loading affinity of these drugs by IEFs decreased in the order of secondary, tertiary, and primary. The following items: basicity, aromaticity, molar volume, rotatability, and so on, were emphatically discussed to address the underlying mechanism of drug loading and releasing extent and rate of IEFs. It was evident that strong alkaline drugs strengthened the ionic bond between the amine groups and IEFs, and thus the loading affinity. These results will advance the understanding of the exchanging behavior of IEFs in the drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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Linear Delivery of Verapamil via Nanofibrous Sheet-Based System. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1787-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Organic–inorganic hybrid anion exchange hollow fiber membranes: A novel device for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2011; 408:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kulkarni RV, Mangond BS, Mutalik S, Sa B. Interpenetrating polymer network microcapsules of gellan gum and egg albumin entrapped with diltiazem–resin complex for controlled release application. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zeng HX, Wang M, Jia F, Lin SJ, Cheng G, Pan WS. Preparation and in vitro release of dual-drug resinate complexes containing codeine and chlorpheniramine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:201-7. [PMID: 20653463 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.504724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop the dual-drug resinate complexes containing codeine and chlorpheniramine with a novel batch processing, characterize the dual-drug resinate complexes, and study its drug release behavior in vitro. METHODS A procedure of simultaneous dual-drug loading using combination solutions composed of different proportions of codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate was performed to achieve the specific resinate, and the dual-drug loading content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography method. The dual-drug resinate complexes were characterized by a scanning electron microscope, and the formation mechanisms were confirmed with X-ray diffraction analyses and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The release behavior of the two drugs from the dual-drug resinate complexes in vitro was studied in the media simulating in vivo environments (simulated gastric fluid: pH = 1.2 HCl, simulated in vivo ionic strength: 0.15 M NaCl, and simulated intestinal fluid: pH = 6.8 buffer solution containing KH2PO4-NaOH). RESULTS Scanning electron microscopic analyses proved that the dual-drug resinate complexes had the same appearance and characters as the initiative ion exchange resins (IERs). Via X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric analyses, it is found that the two drugs in dual-drug resinate complexes were combined with IERs by chemical bond. The drug-resinate complex, like IER, was in amorphous state. More than 90% of codeine phosphate was released in 15 minutes in three different media, whereas little amount of chlorpheniramine maleate was released in all the release time in the medium pH = 1.2 HCl, and the release equilibrium time was about 5 minutes, only 40% was released in the medium 0.15 M NaCl, and the equilibrium time was 40 minutes, and about 90% was released in the medium pH = 6.8 KH2PO4-NaOH. The increased ionic strength generally accelerated the release of the two drugs from the dual-drug resinate complexes. CONCLUSION The dual-drug resinate complexes were formed through the reaction between the drugs and the IERs by chemical bond. The release behavior of the drug from the dual-drug resinate complexes in vitro was mainly correlated with the drug molecular structure, the eluting ionic strength, composition, and ionic strength of the release media. The novel dual-drug resinate complexes could be used to deliver two drugs in one therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xiang Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Feng XM, Ren Q, Zhang WZ, Shen HF, Rong ZX, Fang C, Chen HZ. Preparation and evaluation of a novel delayed-onset sustained-release system of propranolol hydrochloride. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:817-22. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this work was to prepare and evaluate a new delayed-onset sustained-release system, comprising a sustained-release core tablet with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as polymer matrix and an ethylcellulose/Eudragit L coating capable of delaying the drug release. The sustained core containing propranolol hydrochloride as the model drug was prepared by granulate tableting and the polymer coating was applied in a computer-controlled coating pan. The dissolution tests demonstrated that the in-vitro drug release was pH-dependent with sufficient gastric resistance, and the lag time (t10%) could be controlled by adjusting the coating level. Three dosage forms including commercial tablet, sustained-release tablet and the delayed-onset sustained-release tablet were administrated to six beagle dogs and the plasma levels of propranolol hydrochloride were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. The delayed-onset sustained-release tablet had a lag time of 3.0 h in-vitro and 3.5 h in-vivo, and a tmax of 7.0 h. The relative bioavailability for delayed-onset sustained-release tablet was 96.98% compared with commercial tablets. The results indicate that the new propranolol delayed-onset sustained-release system could achieve a relatively constant drug release followed by a programmed lag time, and this may provide a promising drug delivery form for chronopharmacotherapy of certain cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-mei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutics and Industry, Polymer Pharmaceutical and Excipient Tech. Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutics and Industry, Polymer Pharmaceutical and Excipient Tech. Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-zhi Zhang
- Shengyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-feng Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutics and Industry, Polymer Pharmaceutical and Excipient Tech. Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-xing Rong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
There are many reports in the literature referring to the utilization of drug bound to ion-exchange resin (drug-resinate), especially in the drug delivery area. Ion-exchange resin complexes, which can be prepared from both acidic and basic drugs, have been widely studied and marketed. Salts of cationic and anionic exchange resins are insoluble complexes in which drug release results from exchange of bound drug ions by ions normally present in body fluids. Resins used are polymers that contain appropriately substituted acidic groups, such as carboxylic and sulfonic for cation exchangers; or basic groups, such as quaternary ammonium group for anion exchangers. Variables relating to the resin are the exchange capacity; degree of cross-linking, which determines the permeability of the resin, its swelling potential, and the access of the exchange sites to the drug ion; the effective pK(a) of the exchanging group, which determines the exchange affinity; and the resin particle size, which controls accessibility to the exchange ions. In this review, the properties of ion-exchange resins, selection of drugs that lend themselves to such an approach, selection of the appropriate resin, preparation of drug-resinate, evaluation of drug release, recent developments of drug-resinates, and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Guo
- Huahai US Inc., 2002 Eastpark Blvd., Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA
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