1
|
Kasbaum FE, de Carvalho DM, de Jesus Rodrigues L, Cardoso G, Pinho LAG, Martins FT, Cunha-Filho M, Taveira SF, Marreto RN. Development of Lipid Polymer Hybrid Drug Delivery Systems Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:156. [PMID: 37468721 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to develop polymer-lipid hybrid solid dispersions containing the poorly soluble drug lopinavir (LPV) by hot-melt extrusion (HME). Hence, the lipid and polymeric adjuvants were selected based on miscibility and compatibility studies. Film casting was used to assess the miscibility, whereas thermal, spectroscopic, and chromatographic analyses were employed to evaluate drug-excipient compatibility. Extrudates were obtained and characterized by physicochemical tests, including in vitro LPV dissolution. Preformulation studies led to select the most appropriate materials, i.e., the polymers PVPVA and Soluplus®, the plasticizers polyethylene glycol 400 and Kolliphor® HS15, phosphatidylcholine, and sodium taurodeoxycholate. HME processing did not result in LPV degradation and significantly increased entrapment efficiency (93.8% ± 2.8 for Soluplus® extrudate against 19.8% ± 0.5 of the respective physical mixture). LPV dissolution was also increased from the extrudates compared to the corresponding physical mixtures (p < 0.05). The dissolution improvement was considerably greater for the Soluplus®-based formulation (24.3 and 2.8-fold higher than pure LPV and PVPVA-based extrudate after 120 min, respectively), which can be attributed to the more pronounced effects of HME processing on the average size and LPV solid-state properties in the Soluplus® extrudates. Transmission electron microscopy and chemical microanalysis suggested that the polymer-lipid interactions in Soluplus®-based formulation depended on thermal processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Eduardo Kasbaum
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Danilo Monteiro de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Laís de Jesus Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Gleidson Cardoso
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Alvim Gomes Pinho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stephânia Fleury Taveira
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Neves Marreto
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 240, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ito T, Yamazoe E, Tahara K. Dry Powder Inhalers for Proteins Using Cryo-Milled Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Mats. Molecules 2022; 27:5158. [PMID: 36014394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To enable the efficient delivery of drugs to the lungs, the drug particle design for most dry powder inhalers (DPIs) involves reducing the aerodynamic particle size to a few microns using methods such as spray-drying or jet-milling. Stresses, including heat and the shear forces generated by the preparation processes, may result in the degradation and denaturation of drugs such as those based on peptides and proteins. Here, we showed that cryo-milled polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber mats loaded with α-chymotrypsin by electrospinning exhibited suitable inhalation properties for use in DPIs, while maintaining enzymatic activity. The cryo-milled nanofiber mats were porous to fine particles, and the particle size and drug stability depended on the freezing and milling times. The median diameter of the milled fiber mats was 12.6 μm, whereas the mass median aerodynamic diameter was 5.9 μm. The milled nanofiber mats were successfully prepared, while retaining the enzymatic activity of α-chymotrypsin; furthermore, the activity of milled fiber mats that had been stored for 6 months was comparable to the activity of those that were freshly prepared. This novel method may be suitable for the DPI preparation of various drugs because it avoids the heating step during the DPI preparation process.
Collapse
|
3
|
Markwalter CE, Prud'homme RK. Design of a Small-Scale Multi-Inlet Vortex Mixer for Scalable Nanoparticle Production and Application to the Encapsulation of Biologics by Inverse Flash NanoPrecipitation. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2465-2471. [PMID: 29772223 PMCID: PMC6095068 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flash NanoPrecipitation is a scalable approach to generate polymeric nanoparticles using rapid micromixing in specially designed geometries such as a confined impinging jets mixer or a Multi-Inlet Vortex Mixer (MIVM). A major limitation of formulation screening using the MIVM is that a single run requires tens of milligrams of the therapeutic. To overcome this, we have developed a scaled-down version of the MIVM, requiring as little as 0.2 mg of therapeutic, for formulation screening. The redesigned mixer can then be attached to pumps for scale-up of the identified formulation. It was shown that Reynolds number allowed accurate scaling between the 2 MIVM designs. The utility of the small-scale MIVM for formulation development was demonstrated through the encapsulation of a number of hydrophilic macromolecules using inverse Flash NanoPrecipitation with target loadings as high as 50% by mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chester E Markwalter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Robert K Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oh J, Lee MS, Jeong JH, Lee M. Deoxycholic Acid-Conjugated Polyethylenimine for Delivery of Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene in Rat Ischemic Stroke Model. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3524-3532. [PMID: 28780392 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gene carrier to the brain is required for successful gene therapy of ischemic stroke. In this study, deoxycholic acid-conjugated polyethylenimine (DA-PEI) was synthesized and evaluated as a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene carrier for ischemic stroke gene therapy. Gel retardation assay and heparin competition assay showed that DA-PEI formed a stable complex with plasmid DNA. In vitro transfection assays with the luciferase gene showed that DA-PEI had higher transfection efficiency than polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI25k) and lipofectamine in Neuro2A cells. Furthermore, DA-PEI had less toxicity than lipofectamine. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of the pβ-HO-1/DA-PEI complex, the complex was injected locally in the brain of the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model. In in vivo studies, DA-PEI was more effective than PEI25k in delivering pβ-HO-1 to the ischemic brain and achieved higher HO-1 expression. As a result, the pβ-HO-1/DA-PEI complexes more effectively reduced infarct volume and the number of apoptotic cells compared with the pβ-HO-1/PEI25k complex. The results suggest that DA-PEI will be useful for HO-1 gene therapy of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Min Sang Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bruschi ML, Junqueira MV, Borghi-Pangoni FB, Yu T, Andrews GP, Jones DS. Investigation of Methylene Blue Release from Functional Polymeric Systems Using Dielectric Analysis. Curr Drug Deliv 2017; 15:64-76. [PMID: 28571541 DOI: 10.2174/1567201814666170602074650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylene blue (MB) is a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat colorectal cancer tumors and leishmaniasis infection. The clinical efficacy of PDT using MB is dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the formulation. Bioadhesive thermoresponsive systems containing poloxamer 407 and Carbopol 934P have been proposed as platforms for PDT. However, the effect of MB on the physicochemical properties of these platforms is not fully understood, particularly in light of the MB availability. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the dielectric characteristics of functional polymeric systems containing MB and their influence on mucoadhesion and drug release. METHODS Binary polymeric systems containing different concentrations of poloxamer 407, Carbopol 934P and MB were evaluated as dielectric and mucoadhesive properties, as well as in vitro drug release profile. RESULTS MB, temperature and polymeric composition influenced the physicochemical properties of the systems. The presence of MB altered the supramolecular structure of the preparations. The mucoadhesive properties of systems were influenced by MB presence and the formulation with the lowest amount of MB displayed faster release. CONCLUSION The lower MB concentration in the systems displayed better results in terms of ionic mobility and drug release, and is indicative of a suitable clinical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana. Brazil
| | - Mariana Volpato Junqueira
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana. Brazil
| | - Fernanda Belincanta Borghi-Pangoni
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana. Brazil
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland. United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Paul Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland. United Kingdom
| | - David Simon Jones
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland. United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomas N, Thorn C, Richter K, Thierry B, Prestidge C. Efficacy of Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Micro- and Nanoparticles of Ciprofloxacin Against Bacterial Biofilms. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3115-3122. [PMID: 27519649 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are associated with a number of recurring infectious diseases and are a major cause for antibiotic resistance. Despite the broad use of polymeric microparticles and nanoparticles in biomedical research, it is not clear which particle size is more effective against biofilms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sustained release poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) micro- and nanoparticles containing ciprofloxacin against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The PLGA particles were prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The resulting microparticles (12 μm) and nanoparticles (300 nm) contained drug loads of 7.3% and 4.5% (wt/wt) ciprofloxacin, respectively. Drug release was complete within 1 week following comparable release profiles for both particle sizes. Micro- and nanoparticles demonstrated a similar in vitro antibiofilm performance against mature P aeruginosa and S aureus with marked differences between the 2 strains. The sustained release of ciprofloxacin from micro- and nanoparticles over 6 days was equally effective as the continuous treatment with ciprofloxacin solution over the same period resulting in the eradication of culturable S aureus suggesting that reformulation of ciprofloxacin as sustained release PLGA micro- and nanoparticles might be valuable formulation approaches for the treatment of biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Chelsea Thorn
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Katharina Richter
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Clive Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tamm I, Heinämäki J, Laidmäe I, Rammo L, Paaver U, Ingebrigtsen SG, Škalko-Basnet N, Halenius A, Yliruusi J, Pitkänen P, Alakurtti S, Kogermann K. Development of Suberin Fatty Acids and Chloramphenicol-Loaded Antimicrobial Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats Intended for Wound Therapy. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1239-47. [PMID: 26886306 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suberin fatty acids (SFAs) isolated from outer birch bark were investigated as an antimicrobial agent and biomaterial in nanofibrous mats intended for wound treatment. Electrospinning (ES) was used in preparing the composite nonwoven nanomats containing chloramphenicol (CAM; as a primary antimicrobial drug), SFAs, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (as a carrier polymer for ES). The X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and texture analysis were used for the physicochemical and mechanical characterization of the nanomats. ES produced nanofibrous mats with uniform structure and with an average fiber diameter ranging from 370 to 425 nm. Microcrystalline SFAs and crystalline CAM were found to undergo a solid-state transformation during ES processing. The ES process caused also the loss of CAM in the final nanofibers. In the texture analysis, the SFAs containing nanofibers exhibited significantly higher maximum detachment force to an isolated pig skin (p < 0.05) than that obtained with the reference nanofibers. CAM exists in an amorphous form in the nanofibers which needs to be taken into account in controlling the physical storage stability. In conclusion, homogeneous composite nanofibrous mats for wound healing can be electrospun from the ternary mixture(s) of CAM, SFAs, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Tamm
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Laidmäe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liisi Rammo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urve Paaver
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sveinung G Ingebrigtsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna Halenius
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Yliruusi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sami Alakurtti
- VTT Technical Research Centre Finland Ltd, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim HA, Lee HL, Choi E, Kim YH, Lee M. Reducible Poly(Oligo-D-Arginine) as an Efficient Carrier of the Thymidine Kinase Gene in the Intracranial Glioblastoma Animal Model. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3743-3751. [PMID: 26178805 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been considered as an alternative treatment for glioblastoma therapy. In this study, a glioblastoma-specific suicide gene, pEpo-NI2-SV-TK, was delivered into the intracranial glioblastoma model using reducible poly(oligo-d-arginines) (rPOA). pEpo-NI2-SV-TK has the erythropoietin (Epo) enhancer and the nestin intron 2 (NI2) for glioblastoma specific gene expression. The in vitro studies showed that the rPOA formed stable complexes with pEpo-NI2-SV-TK. In the MTT and TUNEL assays, rPOA showed lower cytotoxicity than polyethylenimine (25 kDa, PEI25k). In addition, the rPOA/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK complex induced higher glioblastoma cell death under hypoxic condition than normoxic condition, suggesting that pEpo-NI2-SV-TK induced gene expression in the hypoxic tumor tissue. For in vivo therapeutic efficacy evaluation, the rPOA/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK complex was injected into the brains of an intracranial glioblastoma rat model. The rPOA/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK injected group had a significantly reduced tumor size, compared with the control and the PEI25k/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK injected group. The TUNEL assay showed that the rPOA-pEpo-NI2-SV-TK complex had more apoptotic cells than the control and PEI25k/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK injected groups. These results suggest that the rPOA is an efficient carrier for pEpo-NI2-SV-TK and increased the therapeutic efficacy in the intracranial glioblastoma models. Therefore, the rPOA/pEpo-NI2-SV-TK complex may be useful for glioblastoma specific gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Kim
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Lin Lee
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhyung Lee
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea; Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalhapure RS, Suleman N, Mocktar C, Seedat N, Govender T. Nanoengineered drug delivery systems for enhancing antibiotic therapy. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:872-905. [PMID: 25546108 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formulation scientists are recognizing nanoengineered drug delivery systems as an effective strategy to overcome limitations associated with antibiotic drug therapy. Antibiotics encapsulated into nanodelivery systems will contribute to improved management of patients with various infectious diseases and to overcoming the serious global burden of antibiotic resistance. An extensive review of several antibiotic-loaded nanocarriers that have been formulated to target drugs to infectious sites, achieve controlled drug release profiles, and address formulation challenges, such as low-drug entrapment efficiencies, poor solubility and stability is presented in this paper. The physicochemical properties and the in vitro/in vivo performances of various antibiotic-loaded delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanohybirds, nanofibers/scaffolds, nanosheets, nanoplexes, and nanotubes/horn/rods and nanoemulsions, are highlighted and evaluated. Future studies that will be essential to optimize formulation and commercialization of these antibiotic-loaded nanosystems are also identified. The review presented emphasizes the significant formulation progress achieved and potential that novel nanoengineered antibiotic drug delivery systems have for enhancing the treatment of patients with a range of infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Kalhapure
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ishihara T, Kaneko K, Ishihara T, Mizushima T. Development of biodegradable nanoparticles for liver-specific ribavirin delivery. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:4005-4011. [PMID: 25335768 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin is an antiviral drug used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. However, ribavirin induces severe side effects such as hemolytic anemia. In this study, we prepared biodegradable nanoparticles as ribavirin carriers to modulate the pharmacokinetics of the drug. The nanoparticles encapsulating ribavirin monophosphate (RMP) were prepared from the blend of poly(d,l-lactic acid) homopolymer and arabinogalactan (AG)-poly(l-lysine) conjugate by using the solvent diffusion method in the presence of iron (III). RMP was efficiently and stably embedded in the nanoparticles and gradually released for 37 days in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C. The coating of AG on the nanoparticles surfaces was verified by measuring the zeta potentials and performing an aggregation test of the nanoparticles using galactose-binding lectin. Moreover, the nanoparticles were efficiently internalized in cultured HepG2 cells. Ribavirin was drastically accumulated to the liver of mice after intravenous administration of the RMP-loaded nanoparticles, after which the ribavirin content gradually decreased for at least 7 days. Our results indicated successful development of nanoparticles with dual functions, targeting to the liver and sustained release of ribavirin, and suggested that the present strategy could help to advance the clinical application of ribavirin as a therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ishihara
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan.
| | - Kohei Kaneko
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishihara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tohru Mizushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Y, Traore YL, Li A, Fowke KR, Ho EA. Development of polyether urethane intravaginal rings for the sustained delivery of hydroxychloroquine. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:1801-15. [PMID: 25336923 PMCID: PMC4199968 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been shown to demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties and direct anti-HIV activity. In this study, we describe for the first time the fabrication and in vitro evaluation of two types of intravaginal ring (IVR) devices (a surfaced-modified matrix IVR and a reservoir segmental IVR) for achieving sustained delivery (>14 days) of HCQ as a strategy for preventing male-to-female transmission of HIV. Both IVRs were fabricated by hot-melt injection molding. Surface-modified matrix IVRs with polyvinylpyrrolidone or poly(vinyl alcohol) coatings exhibited significantly reduced burst release on the first day (6.45% and 15.72% reduction, respectively). Reservoir IVR segments designed to release lower amounts of HCQ displayed near-zero-order release kinetics with an average release rate of 28.38 μg/mL per day for IVRs loaded with aqueous HCQ and 32.23 μg/mL per day for IVRs loaded with HCQ mixed with a rate-controlling excipient. Stability studies demonstrated that HCQ was stable in coated or noncoated IVRs for 30 days. The IVR segments had no significant effect on cell viability, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, or colony formation of vaginal and ectocervical epithelial cells. Both IVR systems may be suitable for the prevention of HIV transmission and other sexually transmitted infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yannick Leandre Traore
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amanda Li
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Keith R Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada ; Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emmanuel A Ho
- Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chiriac AP, Nita LE, Tartau L, Neamtu I, Nistor MT. Semi-imprinting quercetin into poly[N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-3, 9-divinyl-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxaspiro (5.5) undecane] network: evaluation of the antioxidant character. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2338-46. [PMID: 24916717 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A responsive antioxidant system constituted from quercetin inserted into poly[N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-3, 9-divinyl-2, 4, 8, 10-tetraoxaspiro (5.5) undecane] through a semi-imprinted procedure was evaluated. A continuous magnetic field (MF) was used during supramolecular structure preparation. The strength of coupling quercetin was evaluated based on the template release from the polymeric matrices, as well as to what extent quercetin reloaded into the polymer matrix in prescribed conditions--with or without the MF presence--shows antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activity of the complex was investigated by radical inhibitor activity method using 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl. The evaluation of the homogeneity distribution of the quercetin inside the polymeric network was made by near-infrared chemical imaging and correspondingly statistical analysis. For in vivo biocompatibility investigation, granuloma test in rats was performed correlated with the activity of enzymes involved in oxidative stress as well as immunologic effects of tested supramolecular complexes that include quercetin as therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurica P Chiriac
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rager T. Determination of the solubility of crystalline low molar mass compounds in polymers by differential scanning calorimetry. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1673-9. [PMID: 24723307 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical equation has been derived to calculate the liquidus for a binary system consisting of an amorphous polymer and a crystalline low molar mass compound. The experimental input to this equation is an interaction enthalpy, which is derived from the variation of the melting enthalpy with composition in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. The predictive power of the equation has been tested with mixtures of acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, or intraconazole with poly(ethylene glycol) as well as mixtures of carbamazepine with poly(acrylic acid), poly(hydroxystyrene), or poly(vinylpyrrolidone). It has been confirmed that the evaluation of the melting enthalpy in DSC is a suitable method to identify the preferred solute-polymer combinations for thermodynamically stable molecular dispersions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rager
- Solvias AG, Department for Solid-State Development, Römerpark 2, 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Cytotoxicity, low water solubility, rapid clearance from circulation, and off-target side-effects are common drawbacks of conventional small-molecule drugs. To overcome these shortcomings, many multifunctional nanocarriers have been proposed to enhance drug delivery. In concept, multifunctional nanoparticles might carry multiple agents, control release rate, biodegrade, and utilize target-mediated drug delivery; however, the design of these particles presents many challenges at the stage of pharmaceutical development. An emerging solution to improve control over these particles is to turn to genetic engineering. Genetically engineered nanocarriers are precisely controlled in size and structure and can provide specific control over sites for chemical attachment of drugs. Genetically engineered drug carriers that assemble nanostructures including nanoparticles and nanofibers can be polymeric or non-polymeric. This review summarizes the recent development of applications in drug and gene delivery utilizing nanostructures of polymeric genetically engineered drug carriers such as elastin-like polypeptides, silk-like polypeptides, and silk-elastin-like protein polymers, and non-polymeric genetically engineered drug carriers such as vault proteins and viral proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua A Gustafson
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao Y, Liu H, Yuan J, Yang Y, Che X, Hou Y, Li S. Loading and release of amine drugs by ion-exchange fibers: role of amine type. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1095-103. [PMID: 24504538 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With more production and application of ion-exchange fibers (IEFs), it becomes necessary to understand the interaction between IEFs and amine compounds, an important group of organic drugs and structural components of large organic molecules in biological systems. However, so far few experimental studies have been conducted to systematically investigate the exchanging mechanism of amine compounds to IEFs. Therefore, 15 amine drugs were selected to investigate the effect of amine type on the loading and release of them from the related IEFs. Loading affinity of these drugs by IEFs decreased in the order of secondary, tertiary, and primary. The following items: basicity, aromaticity, molar volume, rotatability, and so on, were emphatically discussed to address the underlying mechanism of drug loading and releasing extent and rate of IEFs. It was evident that strong alkaline drugs strengthened the ionic bond between the amine groups and IEFs, and thus the loading affinity. These results will advance the understanding of the exchanging behavior of IEFs in the drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hauptstein S, Bonengel S, Griessinger J, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Synthesis and characterization of pH tolerant and mucoadhesive (thiol-polyethylene glycol) chitosan graft polymer for drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:594-601. [PMID: 24382680 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to generate a water-soluble thiolated chitosan to enable the permeation-enhancing effect of chitosan at pH of at least 5.5 without losing the advantages of improved mucoadhesive properties. Therefore, the thiol-bearing polyoxyethylene ligand {O-(3-carboxylpropyl)-O'-[2-[3-mercaptopropionylamino)ethyl]-polyethyleneglycol} was conjugated via amide bond formation to the amino group of chitosan. Resulting novel chitosan derivative (Chito-PEG-SH) exhibited 250 μmol free thiol groups per gram polymer. By the attachment of the thiol-bearing PEG ligand, an improvement of permeation-enhancing effect on rat intestine (2.7-fold improvement) as well as on a Caco-2 monolayer model (1.9-fold improvement) could be found. Cytotoxicity studies on Caco-2 cells revealed no change in biocompatibility. Mucoadhesion was improved 3.1-fold by the formation of disulfide bonds with mucus glycoproteins. The mucoadhesive effect of Chito-PEG-SH turned out to be similar to thiolated chitosan and more pronounced than mucoadhesive properties of unmodified chitosan. The graft polymer is soluble in water and aqueous solutions over a broad pH range. In aqueous media, the novel polymer does not precipitate at pH of 8.6 or less. According to these results, Chito-PEG-SH might show potential as auxiliary agent in oral drug delivery where its solubility even up to pH 8 is likely beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hauptstein
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gugulothu D, Kulkarni A, Patravale V, Dandekar P. pH-sensitive nanoparticles of curcumin-celecoxib combination: evaluating drug synergy in ulcerative colitis model. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:687-96. [PMID: 24375287 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, which largely comprise ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, are increasingly posing as a global threat because of the incompetence of the current therapy in the entire patient population. This necessitates the identification of alternative therapeutic molecules or their combinations, which may serve as effective first-line or maintenance therapeutics. In this quest, celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibiting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and curcumin, a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, have both been found to be useful in alleviating UC. Furthermore, studies involving their combination have proved synergistic action of these two agents. In the current investigation, we have formulated pH-sensitive nanoparticles of curcumin-celecoxib combination as a potential therapy for UC. Synergistic action of the drug combination, delivery advantages of nanosized carriers, and pH-sensitive nature of the polymer were collectively hypothesized to reduce the overall toxicity and total dose of celecoxib and provide enhanced efficacy for mitigating UC. The hypothesis was confirmed in a UC model in rats, where pH-sensitive nanoparticles of the drug combination were found to be more efficacious than nanoparticles of either drugs or drug/s suspension. Further, the blank nanoparticles did not exhibit any therapeutic effect, thereby confirming efficacy of the drug combination for treating UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ickowicz DE, Golovanevski L, Haze A, Domb AJ, Weiniger CF. Extended release local anesthetic agents in a postoperative arthritic pain model. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:185-90. [PMID: 24258384 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Local anesthetics play an important role in postoperative pain management in orthopedic joint procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an intraoperative extra-articular injection of poly(DL-lactic acid co castor oil 3:7), p(DLLA:CO) 3:7 loaded with 15% bupivacaine, for postoperative analgesia following knee arthroplasty. Prolonged release local anesthetic formulation was synthesized by mixing p(DLLA:CO) 3:7 with bupivacaine base. Under anesthesia, the knee joint of Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed, a hole drilled in the femoral trochlea. 0.2 mL of either 15% polymer-bupivacaine formulation or plain bupivacaine (control) was injected locally and compared with a nonsurgery control group. Mechanical hyperalgesia was determined by counting the vocalizations and leg withdrawal after joint squeezing. Behavioral assessments over a day postoperative period revealed a reduction in rearing and ambulation in an open-field apparatus in animals of both experimental groups compared with the nonsurgery control. The vocalizations during the hyperalgesia test increased compared with the control at 24 h. At 48 h, 3.667 ± 0.5138, p = 0.0076 vocalizations were recorded for the plain bupivacaine group versus 1.417 ± 0.5138, p < 0.0001 in the 15% polymer-bupivacaine formulation. Bupivacaine encapsulated in p(DLLA:CO) 3:7 extended the duration of the analgesia compared with plain drug in rats and could represent effective postoperative analgesic in orthopedic joint procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Ickowicz
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kadir A, Mokhtar MTM, Wong TW. Nanoparticulate assembly of mannuronic acid- and guluronic acid-rich alginate: oral insulin carrier and glucose binder. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:4353-63. [PMID: 24258282 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of high and low molecular weight mannuronic acid (M)- and guluronic acid (G)-rich alginate nanoparticles as oral insulin carrier was elucidated. Nanoparticles were prepared through ionotropic gelation using Ca(2+) , and then in vitro physicochemical attributes and in vivo antidiabetic characteristics were examined. The alginate nanoparticles had insulin release retarded when the matrices had high alginate-to-insulin ratio or strong alginate-insulin interaction via OH moiety. High molecular weight M-rich alginate nanoparticles were characterized by assemblies of long polymer chains that enabled insulin encapsulation with weaker polymer-drug interaction than nanoparticles prepared from other alginate grades. They were able to encapsulate and yet release and have insulin absorbed into systemic circulation, thereby lowering rat blood glucose. High molecular weight G- and low molecular weight M-rich alginate nanoparticles showed remarkable polymer-insulin interaction. This retarded the drug release and negated its absorption. Blood glucose lowering was, however, demonstrated in vivo with insulin-free matrices of these nanoparticles because of the strong alginate-glucose binding that led to intestinal glucose retention. Alginate nanoparticles can be used as oral insulin carrier or glucose binder in the treatment of diabetes as a function of its chemical composition. High molecular weight M-rich alginate nanoparticles are a suitable vehicle for future development into oral insulin carrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminah Kadir
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Narang AS, Chang RK, Hussain MA. Pharmaceutical development and regulatory considerations for nanoparticles and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3867-82. [PMID: 24037829 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical nanomaterials (NMs) encompass a wide variety of materials including drug nanoparticles (NPs), which can be amorphous or crystalline; or nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, such as micelles, microemulsions, liposomes, drug-polymer conjugates, and antibody-drug conjugates. These NMs are either transient or persistent-depending on whether the integrity of their structure and size is maintained until reaching the site of drug action. Examples of several approved drug products are included as pharmaceutical nanoparticulate systems along with a commentary on the current development issues and paradigms for various categories of NPs. This commentary discusses the preparation of nanoparticulate systems for commercial development, and the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic advantages of these systems. A criterion of criticality is defined that incorporates the structure, in addition to size requirement of pharmaceutical NPs to identify systems that may require special development and regulatory considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit S Narang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Larson AM, Chen J, Klibanov AM. Conjugation to polymeric chains of influenza drugs targeting M2 ion channels partially restores inhibition of drug-resistant mutants. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2450-9. [PMID: 23832466 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
By attaching multiple copies of the influenza M2 ion channel inhibitors amantadine (1) and rimantadine (2) to polymeric chains, we endeavored to recover their potency in inhibiting drug-resistant influenza viruses. Depending on loading densities, as well as the nature of the drug, the polymer, and the spacer arm, polymer-conjugated drugs were up to 30-fold more potent inhibitors of drug-resistant strains than their monomeric parents. In particular, a 20% loading density and a short linker group on the negatively charged poly-l-glutamate resulted in one of the most potent inhibitors for 2's conjugates against drug-resistant influenza strains. Although full recovery of the inhibitory action against drug-resistant strains was not achieved, this study may be a step toward salvaging anti-influenza drugs that are no longer effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Larson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Janesirisakule S, Sinthusake T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Nanocarrier with self-antioxidative property for stabilizing and delivering ascorbyl palmitate into skin. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2770-9. [PMID: 23775704 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a nanocarrier with a self-antioxidative property to deliver and stabilize a labile drug while at the same time providing a free radical scavenging activity is demonstrated. Curcumin was grafted onto a poly(vinyl alcohol) [PV(OH)] chain, and the nanocarriers fabricated from the obtained curcumin-grafted PV(OH) polymer [CUR-PV(OH)] showed a good free radical scavenging activity. Ascorbyl palmitate (AP) could be effectively loaded into the CUR-PV(OH) at 29% by weight. The CUR-PV(OH)-encapsulated AP was 77% more stable than the free (unencapsulated) AP, and 47% more stable than AP encapsulated in the control nanocarrier with no antioxidative property [cinnamoyl-grafted PV(OH); CIN-PV(OH)]. Although coencapsulation of curcumin and AP into CIN-PV(OH) showed some improvement on the AP stability, AP was more stable when encapsulated in CUR-PV(OH). Compared with the free AP, encapsulated AP within the CUR-PV(OH) nanocarriers showed not only a better penetration into pig skin dermis via hair follicle pathway followed by the release and diffusion of the AP, but also a greater AP stability after skin application. Although a proof of principle is shown for CUR-PV(OH) and AP, it is likely that other carriers of the same principal could be designed and applied to different oxidation-sensitive drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirinapa Janesirisakule
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
This article provides an overview of principles and barriers relevant to intracellular drug and gene transport, accumulation and retention (collectively called as drug delivery) by means of nanovehicles (NV). The aim is to deliver a cargo to a particular intracellular site, if possible, to exert a local action. Some of the principles discussed in this article apply to noncolloidal drugs that are not permeable to the plasma membrane or to the blood-brain barrier. NV are defined as a wide range of nanosized particles leading to colloidal objects which are capable of entering cells and tissues and delivering a cargo intracelullarly. Different localization and targeting means are discussed. Limited discussion on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is also presented. NVs are contrasted to micro-delivery and current nanotechnologies which are already in commercial use. Newer developments in NV technologies are outlined and future applications are stressed. We also briefly review the existing modeling tools and approaches to quantitatively describe the behavior of targeted NV within the vascular and tumor compartments, an area of particular importance. While we list "elementary" phenomena related to different level of complexity of delivery to cancer, we also stress importance of multi-scale modeling and bottom-up systems biology approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ales Prokop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 24th Avenue & Garland Avenues, 107 Olin Hall, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cai S, Xie Y, Bagby TR, Cohen MS, Forrest ML. Intralymphatic chemotherapy using a hyaluronan-cisplatin conjugate. J Surg Res 2008; 147:247-52. [PMID: 18498877 PMCID: PMC2430723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancers typically spread to regional lymph nodes once they disseminate from the primary tumor, thus adequate evaluation and treatment of the axillary lymph nodes is paramount in early stage disease. One significant problem with current therapy is the side effects chemotherapy agents create systemically, either alone or in combination. The purpose of this study is to determine whether lymphatically targeted cisplatin carriers will increase the localized dose in lymphatic metastases without systemic toxicities. METHODS Hyaluronan (HA) is a highly biocompatible polymer that follows lymphatic drainage from the interstitial spaces. We formed complexes of HA and cisplatin by non-covalent conjugation. Complexes were injected subcutaneously into the upper mammary fat pad of female rats, and the tissue distribution determined. RESULTS Cisplatin-HA contained up to 0.25 w/w of Pt and released drug with a half-life of 10 h in saline. Cisplatin-HA conjugates had high anti-tumor activity in vitro similar to the free drug: cisplatin-HA IC50 7 microg/mL in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (free cisplatin IC50 7 microg/mL). Cisplatin-HA conjugates were well tolerated in rodents with no signs of injection site morbidity or major organ toxicity after 96 h. The area-under-the-curve of cisplatin in the axially lymph nodes after injection with cisplatin-HA increased 74% compared with normal cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a novel intralymphatic drug delivery method in breast cancer to preferentially treat at-risk regional lymph nodes and avoid systemic toxicities. Further in vivo testing related to efficacy of this approach with regard to survival, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics is warranted to support its use in human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cai
- The University of Kansas, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Yumei Xie
- The University of Kansas, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Taryn R. Bagby
- The University of Kansas, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - M. Laird Forrest
- The University of Kansas, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Ave, Lawrence, KS 66047
| |
Collapse
|