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Kumar A, Mazumder R, Rani A, Pandey P, Khurana N. Novel Approaches for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Update. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e051023221768. [PMID: 37888820 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998261903230921102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an irreversible, chronic metabolic disorder indicated by hyperglycemia. It is now considered a worldwide pandemic. T2DM, a spectrum of diseases initially caused by tissue insulin resistance and slowly developing to a state characterized by absolute loss of secretory action of the β cells of the pancreas, is thought to be caused by reduced insulin secretion, resistance to tissue activities of insulin, or a combination of both. Insulin secretagogues, biguanides, insulin sensitizers, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin mimetics, amylin antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the main medications used to treat T2DM. Several of these medication's traditional dosage forms have some disadvantages, including frequent dosing, a brief half-life, and limited absorption. Hence, attempts have been made to develop new drug delivery systems for oral antidiabetics to ameliorate the difficulties associated with conventional dosage forms. In comparison to traditional treatments, this review examines the utilization of various innovative therapies (such as microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, phytosomes, and transdermal drug delivery systems) to improve the distribution of various oral hypoglycemic medications. In this review, we have also discussed some new promising candidates that have been approved recently by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of T2DM, like semaglutide, tirzepatide, and ertugliflozin. They are used as a single therapy and also as combination therapy with drugs like metformin and sitagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Anjna Rani
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP 201306, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Jin X, Wei C, Wu C, Zhang W. Gastroretentive core–shell hydrogel assembly for sustained release of metformin hydrochloride. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Biguanide Pharmaceutical Formulations and the Applications of Bile Acid-Based Nano Delivery in Chronic Medical Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020836. [PMID: 35055022 PMCID: PMC8775521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biguanides, particularly the widely prescribed drug metformin, have been marketed for many decades and have well-established absorption profiles. They are commonly administered via the oral route and, despite variation in oral uptake, remain commonly prescribed for diabetes mellitus, typically type 2. Studies over the last decade have focused on the design and development of advanced oral delivery dosage forms using bio nano technologies and novel drug carrier systems. Such studies have demonstrated significantly enhanced delivery and safety of biguanides using nanocapsules. Enhanced delivery and safety have widened the potential applications of biguanides not only in diabetes but also in other disorders. Hence, this review aimed to explore biguanides’ pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmaceutical applications in diabetes, as well as in other disorders.
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Role of metformin in various pathologies: state-of-the-art microcapsules for improving its pharmacokinetics. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:733-753. [PMID: 32967584 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin was originally derived from a botanical ancestry and became the most prescribed, first-line therapy for Type 2 diabetes in most countries. In the last century, metformin was discovered twice for its antiglycemic properties in addition to its antimalarial and anti-influenza effects. Metformin exhibits flip-flop pharmacokinetics with limited oral bioavailability. This review outlines metformin pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and recent advances in polymeric particulate delivery systems as a potential tool to target metformin delivery to specific tissues/organs. This interesting biguanide is being rediscovered this century for multiple clinical indications as anticancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's and much more. Microparticulate delivery systems of metformin may improve its oral bioavailability and optimize the therapeutic goals expected.
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Khalid S, Abbas G, Hanif M, Shah S, Shah SNH, Jalil A, Yaqoob M, Ameer N, Anum A. Thiolated sodium alginate conjugates for mucoadhesive and controlled release behavior of metformin microspheres. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2691-2700. [PMID: 32810533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of BCS III drugs can be improved by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux and by increasing the mucoadhesion of natural polymers. In the present study, an esterification of sodium alginate (SA) with thioglycolic acid (TGA) was applied for the preparation of thiolated sodium alginate (TSA). The Ellman's test was applied to quantify the thiol group and a di-sulphide bond test was performed to confirm any SS linkages. The FTIR, DSC, XRD, 1H NMR and charring point determinations were confirmed the thiol group of TSA. The gel like rheological properties with porcine mucous was confirmed by viscoelasticity properties and the mucoadhesion with the rabbit intestine was carried out after compression of 30 mg tablets of TSA. The content of thiol group was in the range of 320-730 μmoL/g of the polymer. The FTIR spectrum showed a characteristic peak of sulfhydryl group at 2557 cm-1 in TSA and the reduction of the charring point from 220 °C to 178 °C was confirmed the thiolation of TSA. A direct relationship of mucoadhesion and swelling was observed with the concentration of TGA and SA, respectively. The prepared microspheres were 2-7 μm in size, excellent rheological properties and non-fickian drug release behavior was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddra Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nisar Hussain Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Jalil
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Muhammad Yaqoob
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nabeela Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Anum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Hariyadi DM, Rosita N, Nugrahaeni F. Formulation, Characteristic Evaluation, Stress Test and Effectiveness Study of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) Expression of Glutathione Loaded Alginate Microspheres and Gel. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the stability, characteristics and effectiveness of glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres through increased lipophilicity using surfactant with a Hydrophylic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value equal to 7. The selection of glutathione as an antioxidant was based on its prominent role in maintaining intracellular redox balance. Alginate was used as the polymer, while calcium chloride constituted a cross-linking agent and Tween and Span were employed as surfactants. Methods: The study applied an ionotropic gelation-aerosolization method. Microspheres were characterized by their morphology, size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency and yield. Stress testing utilized a forced degradation method, while an effectiveness study of glutathione incorporated a Matrix Metalloproteinase I (MMP-1) parameter on mouse skin. Glutathione-microspheres, to which had been added surfactants with a HLB value equal to 7, were compared to those without surfactants. Results: Microspheres demonstrated both high yield and encapsulation efficiency. From the stability study conducted, it was evident that the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than glutathione with surfactant, but without microspheres. Similarly, the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than the glutathione without surfactant. The in vivo effectivity showed lipophilic glutathione microspheres were able to decrease MMP-1 expression in the dermis tissue of mice. Conclusion: The results of freeze-dried glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres with surfactant with a HLB value equal to 7 can be utilized as potential glutathione delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Melani Hariyadi
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Noorma Rosita
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fitria Nugrahaeni
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Verma A, Riaz U. Spectral, thermal and morphological characteristics of ultrasonically synthesized poly(anisidine- co -phenylenediamine)/bentonite nanocomposites: A potential anti-diabetic drug carrier. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Xiao Y, Wang S, Zong Q, Yin Z. Co-delivery of Metformin and Paclitaxel Via Folate-Modified pH-Sensitive Micelles for Enhanced Anti-tumor Efficacy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2395-2406. [PMID: 29869309 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single chemotherapeutic agent like paclitaxel (PTX) has shown some limitations in anti-tumor treatment, such as undesirable side effects, multidrug resistance, and high toxicity. In order to reduce the toxicity of PTX and increase the anti-tumor effect, folate-modified amphiphilic and biodegradable biomaterial was developed to co-deliver PTX and metformin (MET) for exerting the synergistic effect. PTX was physically entrapped in the hydrophobic inner core of the amphiphilic block copolymer by a solvent evaporation method, whereas MET was chemically conjugated to the hydrophilic terminals of copolymer via a pH-sensitive cis-aconityl linkage (Cis). The in vitro release behaviors of the drugs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the synergistic effect of the drugs was evaluated by a Q value method. Results showed that drug-loaded micelles with an average size about 100 nm were successfully constructed. In acidic environments, the chemically conjugated MET was rapidly released after the breakage of sensitive bond between drug and copolymer. In vitro anti-tumor studies demonstrated that MET and PTX had a synergistic effect and co-delivery micelles induced higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis against 4T1 breast cancer cells than free drugs. Furthermore, folate-targeted co-delivery micelles increased the cellular uptake of drugs and were found to be effective for the treatment of solid tumor in vivo. These findings indicated that co-delivery of MET and PTX through the polymeric micelles is a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Maboos M, Yousuf RI, Shoaib MH, Nasiri I, Hussain T, Ahmed HF, Iffat W. Effect of lipid and cellulose based matrix former on the release of highly soluble drug from extruded/spheronized, sintered and compacted pellets. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:136. [PMID: 29885655 PMCID: PMC5994249 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was to develop an extended release (ER) encapsulated and compacted pellets of Atenolol using hydrophobic (wax based and polymeric based) and high viscosity grade hydrophilic matrix formers to control the release of this highly water soluble drug by extrusion/spheronization (ES). Atenolol is used for cardiovascular diseases and available as an immediate release (IR) tablet dosage form. The lipids, Carnauba wax (CW), Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and cellulose based i.e. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Ethyl cellulose (EC) were used in preparing Atenolol ER pellets. Thermal sintering and compaction techniques were also applied to control the burst release of Atenolol. Method For this purpose, thirty-six trial formulations (F1-F36) were designed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), using Design-Expert 10 software, keeping (HPMC K4M, K15 M & K100 M), (EC 7FP, 10FP & 100FP), waxes (GMS, & CW), their combinations, sintering temperature and duration, as input variables. Dissolution studies were performed in pH, 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 dissolution media. Drug release kinetics using different models such as zero order, first order, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Hixon Crowell, Baker-Lonsdale and Higuchi kinetics were studied with the help of DDsolver, an excel based add-in program. Results The formulations F35 and F36 showed compliance with Korsmeyer-Peppas Super case II transport model (R2 = 0.975–0.971) in dissolution medium pH 4.5. No drug excipient interaction observed by FTIR. Stereomicroscopy showed that sintered combination pellets, (F35), were highly spherical (AR = 1.061, and sphericity = 0.943). The cross-sectional SEM magnification (at 7000X) of F34 and F35 showed dense cross-linking. The results revealed that the optimized formulations were F35 (sintered pellets) and F36 (compacted pellets) effectively controlling the drug release for 12 h. Conclusion Extended-release encapsulated, and compacted pellets were successfully prepared after the combination of lipids CW (10%) and GMS (20%) with EC (10FP 20% & 100FP 20%). Sintering and compaction, in addition, stabilized the system and controlled the initial burst release of the drug. Extended release (ER) Atenolol is an effective alternative of IR tablets in controlling hypertension and treating other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Maboos
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ismail Yousuf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Harris Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Iqbal Nasiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tazeen Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Fouzia Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Iffat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Mancer D, Allemann E, Daoud K. Metformin hydrochloride microencapsulation by complex coacervation: Study of size distribution and encapsulation yield using response surface methodology. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Azizi Vahed T, Naimi-Jamal MR, Panahi L. (Fe)MIL-100-Met@alginate: a hybrid polymer–MOF for enhancement of metformin's bioavailability and pH-controlled release. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metformin hydrochloride (Met) was combined with iron(iii) chloride and trimesic acid (1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid, BTC) as an organic linker in a short and simple method, providing a MOF in which the drug is a part of the constituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Azizi Vahed
- Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis & Polymers
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M. Reza Naimi-Jamal
- Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis & Polymers
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Panahi
- Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis & Polymers
- Department of Chemistry
- Iran University of Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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Sahu AK, Verma A. Development and statistical optimization of chitosan and eudragit based gastroretentive controlled release multiparticulate system for bioavailability enhancement of metformin HCl. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cetin M, Sahin S. Microparticulate and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for metformin hydrochloride. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2796-2805. [PMID: 26394019 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1089957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Metformin hydrochloride is a biguanide derivative widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, prescribed nearly to 120 million people worldwide. Metformin has a relatively low oral bioavailability (about 50-60%). Although the major effect of metformin is to decrease hepatic glucose output as an antihyperglycemic agent, its inhibitory effects on the proliferation of some cancer cells (e.g. prostate, breast, glioma cells) have been demonstrated in the cell culture studies. Development of novel formulation (e.g. microparticles, nanoparticles) strategies for metformin might be useful to improve its bioavailability, to reduce the dosing frequency, to decrease gastrointestinal side effects and toxicity and to be helpful for effective use of metformin in cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this review is to summarize metformin HCl-loaded micro- and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. METHOD The literature was rewieved with regard to the physicochemical, pharmacological properties of metformin, and also its mechanism of action in type 2 diabetes and cancer. In addition, micro- and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems developed for metformin were gathered from the literature and the results were discussed. CONCLUSION Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent and also has potential antitumorigenic effects. The repeated applications of high doses of metformin (as immediate release formulations) are needed for an effective treatment due to its low oral bioavailability and short biological half-life. Drug delivery systems are very useful systems to overcome the difficulties associated with conventional dosage forms of metformin and also for its effective use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Cetin
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Selma Sahin
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Banerjee P, Deb J, Roy A, Ghosh A, Chakraborty P. Fabrication and development of pectin microsphere of metformin hydrochloride. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2012; 2012:230621. [PMID: 22900209 PMCID: PMC3415212 DOI: 10.5402/2012/230621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The objective of the proposed work is to evaluate the efficacy of Pectins to qualify them as polymers for designing an oral microsphere for the delivery of selected oral antidiabetic drug-like metformin hydrochloride. Methods. Different Microspheres formulations were prepared by the water in oil (w\o) emulsion solvent evaporation technique and subsequently evaluated for its different physical parameters as well as its in vitro and in vivo drug release study. Results. The formulations F2 (98.42) and F3 (98.03) showed a constant and high release in the dissolution profile, so among these two formulations, F2 was taken for development study, due to the better result shown over in other evaluation parameters. From the HPLC determinations after in vivo study, it had been found that the test samples and the standard sample had not shown any significant fluctuation in relation to their retention time. Conclusion. From in vitro and in vivo results, it may be concluded that drug-loaded pectin microspheres in 1 : 1 ratio are a suitable delivery system for metformin hydrochloride and may be used for effective management of NIDDM. From this experiment, it could be concluded that as a natural polymer, pectin has potentiality in novel drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacy, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, Rangpo, East Sikkim 737136, India
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Maji R, Ray S, Das B, Nayak AK. Ethyl Cellulose Microparticles Containing Metformin HCl by Emulsification-Solvent Evaporation Technique: Effect of Formulation Variables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/801827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The work investigates the effect of various formulation variables like drug-polymer ratio, stirring speed, and surfactant (Span 80) concentration on the properties of ethyl cellulose microparticles containing metformin HCl, prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation technique. The drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, and drug release behaviour of these microparticles were influenced by these formulation variables. The sustained release characteristic of these microparticles was more prominent in pH 6.8 than pH 1.2. The drug release from ethyl cellulose microparticles was found to follow the Fickian (diffusion-controlled) release mechanism. The drug-polymer interaction and surface topography of these microparticles were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia, Mayurbhanj 757086, India
| | - Somasree Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Asansol 713301, India
| | - Biswarup Das
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia, Mayurbhanj 757086, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharpokharia, Mayurbhanj 757086, India
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Thakare M, Israel B, Garner ST, Ahmed H, Garner P, Elder D, Price JC, Capomacchia AC. Formulation parameters and release mechanism of theophylline loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres: effect of different dual surfactant ratios. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:1213-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.620969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Enhanced encapsulation of metoprolol tartrate with carbon nanotubes as adsorbent. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-011-0030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rojas J, González C, Rico C, Saez O. Formulation of a modified release metformin. HCl matrix tablet: influence of some hydrophilic polymers on release rate and in-vitro evaluation. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin hydrochloride is an antidiabetic agent which improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes and reduces basal plasma levels of glucose. In this study, a simplex centroid experimental design with 69 runs was used to select the best combination of some hydrophilic polymers that rendered a 24 h in-vitro release profile of metformin.HCl. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model was used to model the dissolution profiles since it presented the best fit to the experimental data. Further, a cubic model predicted the best formulation of metformin.HCl containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carrageenan, sodium alginate, and gum arabic at 6.26, 68.7, 6.26, 6.26, 6.26 and 6.26 % levels, respectively. The validation runs confirmed the accuracy of the cubic model with six components for predicting the best set of components which rendered a once-a-day modified release hydrophilic matrix tablet in compliance with the USP specifications.
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Palanisamy M, Khanam J, Nagalingam A, Gani N. Experimental design to predict process variables in the preparation of cellulose based sustained release microspheres system loaded with prednisolone-cyclodextrin complex. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-011-0073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Palanisamy M, Khanam J. Cellulose-based matrix microspheres of prednisolone inclusion complex: preparation and characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:388-400. [PMID: 21359603 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to encapsulate pure prednisolone (PRD) and PRD-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) complex in cellulose-based matrix microspheres. The system simultaneously exploits complexation technique to enhance the solubility of low-solubility drug (pure PRD) and subsequent modulation of drug release from microspheres (MIC) at a predetermined time. The microspheres of various compositions were prepared by an oil-in-oil emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The effect of complexation and presence of cellulose polymers on entrapment efficiency, particle size, and drug release had been investigated. The solid-state characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffractometry. The morphology of MIC was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro drug release profiles from these microspheres showed the desired biphasic release behavior. After enhancing the solubility of prednisolone by inclusion into HPβCD, the drug release was easily modified in the microsphere formulation. It was also demonstrated that the CDs in these microspheres were able to modulate several properties such as morphology, drug loading, and release properties. The release kinetics of prednisolone from microspheres followed quasi-Fickian and first-order release mechanisms. In addition to this, the f (2)-metric technique was used to check the equivalency of dissolution profiles of the optimized formulation before and after stability studies, and it was found to be similar. A good outcome, matrix microspheres (coded as MIC5) containing PRD-HPβCD complex, showed sustained release of drug (95.81%) over a period of 24 h.
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Chen R, Chu F, Gauthier C, Chazeau L, Chaduc I, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lansalot M. New ethyl cellulose/acrylic hybrid latexes and coatings via miniemulsion polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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