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Development and Assessment of the Validity and Reliability of the Short-Form Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-SF) among the Elderly Population. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050709. [PMID: 35629131 PMCID: PMC9146280 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elderly care should focus on not only prolonging life but also satisfaction with elderly life. Our study investigated the reliability and validity of the Short-Form Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-SF). Method: Data were drawn from the 2015 Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. Internal consistency reliability was used to confirm that the items measured the targeted characteristics. Construct validity was established by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Criterion-related validity was examined with the WHO-5 Well-Being Index as an indicator of quality of life. Known-group validity was determined from the difference between frailty stage and quality of life. Results: The high consistency reliability supported the reliability of the LSI-SF. Rigorous CFA validated the construct validity of the LSI-SF. Perfect convergent and discriminant validity supported the validity of the LSI-SF. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the LSI-SF and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. The LSI-SF appears to be a reliable measure of quality of life in the elderly. We found that frailty status was associated with lower life satisfaction, which supported the known-group validity. Life satisfaction was highest in the non-frailty stage and lowest in the frailty stage. Conclusions: The LSI-SF appears to be a valid and reliable measure of satisfaction with elderly life.
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Elmståhl S, Sanmartin Berglund J, Fagerström C, Ekström H. The Life Satisfaction Index-A (LSI-A): Normative Data for a General Swedish Population Aged 60 to 93 Years. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:2031-2039. [PMID: 33173284 PMCID: PMC7648516 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s275387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY To gain Swedish norm value for the Life Satisfaction Index-A (LSI-A) in a population 60-93+ years old stratified for sex and age and to relate these norm values with respect to number of chronic diseases and functional impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population included a random sample of 2656 men (45.7%) and 3159 (54.3%) women from the longitudinal national studies' "Good Aging in Skåne" (GÅS) and SNAC-B, both part of the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC). Data on Neugartens Life Satisfaction Index-A (LSI-A), medical history, activities of daily life (ADL) and socio-demographics were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires. RESULTS Men scored significantly higher than women; 28.5, sd=6.9, and 27.3, sd=6.6, respectively, out of maximum 40 points. For both genders the scores decreased with age, mean score 6.0 points, lower for men and 7.1 points lower for women between 60 and 93+ years. The highest score was noted for healthy individuals where both men and women scored 29.5 points, sd=6.2. Increased number of chronic diseases and dependency in ADLs were associated with lower LS. CONCLUSION Norm values here presented may facilitate assessments and evaluation of life satisfaction in the general elder population and as reference values to clinical trials. Female sex, rising age, morbidity and impaired functional ability were all associated with impaired LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sölve Elmståhl
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Fagerström
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, Department of Health, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Department of Health and Caring Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ekström
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Dahlrup B, Ekström H, Nordell E, Elmståhl S. Coping as a caregiver: A question of strain and its consequences on life satisfaction and health-related quality of life. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:261-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Enkvist A, Ekström H, Elmståhl S. Associations between cognitive abilities and life satisfaction in the oldest-old. Results from the longitudinal population study Good Aging in Skåne. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:845-53. [PMID: 23874091 PMCID: PMC3712740 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s45382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on the associations between cognitive abilities and life satisfaction (LS) in the oldest-old are few. The aim of this study was to explore whether abilities in six different cognitive domains could predict LS in the oldest-old 3 years later. METHODS The study population consisted of 681 individuals aged 78-98 years, drawn from the longitudinal population study "Good Aging in Skåne," which is part of a national survey (The Swedish National Study on Aging and Care). Scores on 13 cognitive tests were related to scores on Neugartens' LS index A (LSI-A) 3 years later. The cognitive tests were added into six different cognitive domains. A multiple regression analysis was constructed for each cognitive domain separately, with scores on the LSI-A as the dependent variable. The model was adjusted stepwise for sex, age, education, functional capacity, and depressive mood. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between digit cancellation, word recall, verbal fluency (VF) A, VF animals, VF occupations, and mental rotations at baseline, as well as LSI-A at follow-up. The domains of spatial abilities (B = 0.453, P = 0.014) and processing speed (B = 0.118, P = 0.020) remained significantly associated with LSI-A 3 years later after adjustment. CONCLUSION The cognitive domains of spatial abilities and processing speed predicted LS 3 years later in the oldest-old. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Enkvist
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Ligon M, Welleford EA, Cotter JJ, Lam M. Oral History: A Pragmatic Approach to Improving Life Satisfaction of Elders. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2012.673974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Enkvist Å, Ekström H, Elmståhl S. What factors affect life satisfaction (LS) among the oldest-old? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 54:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Enkvist Å, Ekström H, Elmståhl S. Life satisfaction (LS) and symptoms among the oldest-old: Results from the longitudinal population study called Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 54:146-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ekström H, Dahlin-Ivanoff S, Elmståhl S. Effects of walking speed and results of timed get-up-and-go tests on quality of life and social participation in elderly individuals with a history of osteoporosis-related fractures. J Aging Health 2011; 23:1379-99. [PMID: 21868721 DOI: 10.1177/0898264311418504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between physical performance, quality of life (QoL), and social participation among elderly men and women with a history of osteoporosis-related fractures. METHOD The study was a population-based cross-sectional study including 155 participants aged 60 to 93 years from the Swedish longitudinal investigation, "Good Aging in Skåne." The participants had suffered fracture of the vertebrae, hip, pelvis, or ankle. Physical performance was expressed as walking speed (WS) and timed get-up-and-go (TUG). QoL was measured as using the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Life Satisfaction (LS) scales. Social participation was defined as taking part in social, cultural, and leisure activities. RESULTS Lower WS and/or TUG were associated with lower HRQoL, lower LS, and a reduction in social participation, after adjustment for confounding factors. DISCUSSION Measurements of WS and TUG could be used to determine QoL and social participation in elderly people having sustained fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ekström
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Shellman J, Mokel M. Overcoming barriers to conducting an intervention study of depression in an older African American population. J Transcult Nurs 2010; 21:361-9. [PMID: 20592056 DOI: 10.1177/1043659609360708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to describe barriers and strengths of a study testing the effects of reminiscence on depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older African Americans. Primary data sources included debriefing sessions, reflective journals, participant observations, and key informant interviews. Data were analyzed using immersion/crystallization technique. Mistrust between gatekeepers and universities, recruitment and retention of research assistants and participants, culturally insensitive instruments, and stigma associated with depression were barriers. Successful approaches used to overcome the barriers experienced by the research team are described. Implications for transcultural nursing research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Shellman
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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Chang SH, Fang MC, Chang HY. Enhancing three bliss concepts among nursing home elders in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19:682-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A review of health-related quality of life in adult traumatic brain injury survivors in the context of combat veterans. J Neurosci Nurs 2009; 41:59-71. [PMID: 19361122 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0b013e31819a7133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) research in traumatic brain injury (TBI) populations is beginning to emerge in the literature. Because rehabilitation and reintegration issues are complex with TBI, especially with new combat veterans, it is critical that future HRQOL research be designed to consider these issues. Utilizing explicit definitions and a conceptual model of HRQOL can provide researchers with a holistic base on which to build interventions for successful patient outcomes. The conceptual model of HRQOL of C.E. Ferrans, J.J. Zerwic, J.E. Wilbur, and J.L. Larson (2005) is an exemplar model that presents clear definitions and encompasses domains of HRQOL relevant to TBI survivors and their families. This review was organized utilizing the model of HRQOL of Ferrans et al. The objective of this review was to identify gaps in current knowledge of HRQOL and TBI. These findings were then used to develop recommendations for future research with combat veterans who have sustained a TBI.
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Ekström H, Ivanoff SD, Elmståhl S. Restriction in social participation and lower life satisfaction among fractured in pain. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2008; 46:409-24. [PMID: 17662482 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe social participation expressed as accomplished ordinary activities, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and life satisfaction (LS), among elderly men and women with osteoporosis-related fractures with and without pain, compared to non-fractured controls. The study was a population-based case-control study conducted at a university hospital, including 408 subjects from the Good Ageing in Skåne investigation. Fractured men and women of age 60-93 years were divided into two groups: one with pain (FP; n=87) and one without pain (FnP; n=82). Fractures included vertebrae, hip, pelvis or ankle according to International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10). A third group of non-fractured subjects without pain (n=239) was used as controls (CnP). Questionnaires were used to collect information about HRQoL, LS, social participation in ordinary activities such as social, cultural and leisure time activities, pain during past month, co-morbidity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, medication, exercise earlier in life, walking-aid, and socio-demographic variables. The results showed that FP scored significantly lower than CnP in HRQoL and LS. In general, fractured were more restricted in participation and in 12 out of 21 activities FP had a significant lower participation compared to CnP. In a regression model, participation in social and leisure activities as well as fracture predicted independently levels of HRQoL and LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ekström
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, CRC, Ent. 72, Build. 28, Fl. 13, Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
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von Steinbuechel N, Richter S, Morawetz C, Riemsma R. Assessment of subjective health and health-related quality of life in persons with acquired or degenerative brain injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2006; 18:681-91. [PMID: 16280680 DOI: 10.1097/01.wco.0000194140.56429.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Health-related quality of life is a new outcome variable in neurology. Several generic measures aim at assessing this variable in adults with neurological diseases. Disease-specific measures are still rare; however, individuals with neurological diseases frequently suffer from cognitive impairment, yet are often excluded from health-related quality of life investigations. When included in such studies, cognitive functioning is not monitored via neuropsychological evaluation, possibly leading to methodological problems. Papers from May 2004 until July 2005 are reviewed with respect to psychometric quality and information about persons after traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease or dementia. RECENT FINDINGS Several new cross-sectional and longitudinal outcome studies are reviewed. The Medical Outcome Study Short Form with 36 items, the Sickness Impact Profile and the Nottingham Health Profile were identified as the most frequently used measures in neurology. For traumatic brain injury, two new generic instrument validations (Life Satisfaction Index-A, Subjective Quality of Life Profile) and one internationally validated disease-specific development (Quality of Life after Brain Injury) were found; for stroke, one disease-specific tool (Burden of Stroke Scale) was identified. In Parkinson's disease, the disease-specific health-related quality of life measure Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 is well validated. In dementia, three dementia-specific instruments (Quality of Life for Dementia, Quality of Life in Late-Stage Dementia Scale and Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale) seem to be valid. SUMMARY In neurology, only a few measures have been developed and validated for respondents with cognitive impairment, often showing poorer validity results than studies involving healthy persons. Health-related quality of life assessment should therefore be validated in the specific diseases and, if necessary, combined with a neuropsychological evaluation and a disease-specific health-related quality of life measure.
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