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Ambreetha S, Zincke D, Balachandar D, Mathee K. Genomic and metabolic versatility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to its inter-kingdom transmission and survival. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38362900 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most versatile bacteria with renowned pathogenicity and extensive drug resistance. The diverse habitats of this bacterium include fresh, saline and drainage waters, soil, moist surfaces, taps, showerheads, pipelines, medical implants, nematodes, insects, plants, animals, birds and humans. The arsenal of virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa includes pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, siderophores, lytic enzymes, toxins and polysaccharides. All these virulent elements coupled with intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antibiotic resistance facilitate persistent colonization and lethal infections in different hosts. To date, treating pulmonary diseases remains complicated due to the chronic secondary infections triggered by hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa. On the contrary, this bacterium can improve plant growth by suppressing phytopathogens and insects. Notably, P. aeruginosa is one of the very few bacteria capable of trans-kingdom transmission and infection. Transfer of P. aeruginosa strains from plant materials to hospital wards, animals to humans, and humans to their pets occurs relatively often. Recently, we have identified that plant-associated P. aeruginosa strains could be pathologically similar to clinical isolates. In this review, we have highlighted the genomic and metabolic factors that facilitate the dominance of P. aeruginosa across different biological kingdoms and the varying roles of this bacterium in plant and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dananjeyan Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Mares SE, King MM, Kubo A, Khanov AA, Lutter EI, Youssef N, Patrauchan MA. carP, encoding a Ca 2+-regulated putative phytase, is evolutionarily conserved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has potential as a biomarker. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 33295862 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infects patients with cystic fibrosis, burns, wounds and implants. Previously, our group showed that elevated Ca2+ positively regulates the production of several virulence factors in P. aeruginosa, such as biofilm formation, production of pyocyanin and secreted proteases. We have identified a Ca2+-regulated β-propeller putative phytase, CarP, which is required for Ca2+ tolerance, regulation of the intracellular Ca2+ levels, and plays a role in Ca2+ regulation of P. aeruginosa virulence. Here, we studied the conservation of carP sequence and its occurrence in diverse phylogenetic groups of bacteria. In silico analysis revealed that carP and its two paralogues PA2017 and PA0319 are primarily present in P. aeruginosa and belong to the core genome of the species. We identified 155 single nucleotide alterations within carP, 42 of which lead to missense mutations with only three that affected the predicted 3D structure of the protein. PCR analyses with carP-specific primers detected P. aeruginosa specifically in 70 clinical and environmental samples. Sequence comparison demonstrated that carP is overall highly conserved in P. aeruginosa isolated from diverse environments. Such evolutionary preservation of carP illustrates its importance for P. aeruginosa adaptations to diverse environments and demonstrates its potential as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Mares
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Michelle M King
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Aya Kubo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Anna A Khanov
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Erika I Lutter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Noha Youssef
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Marianna A Patrauchan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Bhardwaj S, Bhatia S, Singh S, Franco Jr F. Growing emergence of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and attenuation of its virulence using quorum sensing inhibitors: A critical review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:699-719. [PMID: 34630947 PMCID: PMC8487598 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.49151.11254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A perilous increase in the number of bacterial infections has led to developing throngs of antibiotics for increasing the quality and expectancy of life. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is becoming resistant to all known conventional antimicrobial agents thereby posing a deadly threat to the human population. Nowadays, targeting virulence traits of infectious agents is an alternative approach to antimicrobials that is gaining much popularity to fight antimicrobial resistance. Quorum sensing (QS) involves interspecies communication via a chemical signaling pathway. Under this mechanism, cells work in a concerted manner, communicate with each other with the help of signaling molecules called auto-inducers (AI). The virulence of these strains is driven by genes, whose expression is regulated by AI, which in turn acts as transcriptional activators. Moreover, the problem of antibiotic-resistance in case of infections caused by P. aeruginosa becomes more alarming among immune-compromised patients, where the infectious agents easily take over the cellular machinery of the host while hidden in the QS mediated biofilms. Inhibition of the QS circuit of P. aeruginosa by targeting various signaling pathways such as LasR, RhlR, Pqs, and QScR transcriptional proteins will help in blocking downstream signal transducers which could result in reducing the bacterial virulence. The anti-virulence agent does not pose an immediate selective pressure on growing bacterium and thus reduces the pathogenicity without harming the target species. Here, we review exclusively, the growing emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa and the critical literature survey of QS inhibitors with their potential application of blocking P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, SHALOM Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Naini, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sonam Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, SHALOM Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Naini, Prayagraj, India
| | - Shaminder Singh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad - 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Francisco Franco Jr
- Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Meiers J, Zahorska E, Röhrig T, Hauck D, Wagner S, Titz A. Directing Drugs to Bugs: Antibiotic-Carbohydrate Conjugates Targeting Biofilm-Associated Lectins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11707-11724. [PMID: 32924479 PMCID: PMC7586336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are characterized by biofilm formation, which effectively enhances resistance toward antibiotics. Biofilm-specific antibiotic delivery could locally increase drug concentration to break antimicrobial resistance and reduce the drug's peripheral side effects. Two extracellular P. aeruginosa lectins, LecA and LecB, are essential structural components for biofilm formation and thus render a possible anchor for biofilm-targeted drug delivery. The standard-of-care drug ciprofloxacin suffers from severe systemic side effects and was therefore chosen for this approach. We synthesized several ciprofloxacin-carbohydrate conjugates and established a structure-activity relationship. Conjugation of ciprofloxacin to lectin probes enabled biofilm accumulation in vitro, reduced the antibiotic's cytotoxicity, but also reduced its antibiotic activity against planktonic cells due to a reduced cell permeability and on target activity. This work defines the starting point for new biofilm/lectin-targeted drugs to modulate antibiotic properties and ultimately break antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Meiers
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eva Zahorska
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Teresa Röhrig
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wagner
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Godet C, Beraud G, Cadranel J. [Bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients (excluding mycobacterial infection)]. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:1058-66. [PMID: 23101646 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections are the most common complications in HIV patients, regardless of the degree of immunosuppression. Even though antiretroviral therapy has a protective effect on the risk of bacterial pneumonia, this still remains high (including those with CD(4)>500/mm(3)). The most frequently isolated bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The clinical and radiological presentations of lower respiratory tract infections in HIV patients are quite variable. The clinical presentation is more severe and the radiological presentation is more atypical if the immunosuppression is severe. The first-line antibiotic therapy is an injectable third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime) or co-amoxiclav. Pneumococcal vaccination (as well as influenza vaccine) is recommended. Although rare, Nocardia spp. and Rhodococcus equi seem more common among AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Godet
- Service de maladies infectieuses et de médecine interne, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France.
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Bowman NM, Falade O, Gupta A. An unexpected source. Am J Med 2010; 123:993-5. [PMID: 21035589 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Bowman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Rizzi EB, Schininá V, Rovighi L, Cristofaro M, Bordi E, Narciso P, Bibbolino C. HIV-related pneumococcal lung disease: does highly active antiretroviral therapy or bacteremia modify radiologic appearance? AIDS Patient Care STDS 2008; 22:105-11. [PMID: 18260801 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2007.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed chest radiographs of 57 HIV-infected patients with pulmonary diseases in whom Streptococcus pneumoniae was the sole respiratory pathogen isolated to evaluate whether highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or bacteremia modify radiographic appearance. Pneumococcal lung disease presented as lobar pneumonia in 40% of the cases, 54% of whom were on HAART; as bronchopneumonia in 42%, 58% on HAART; as interstitial infiltrates in 17%, 60% on HAART. Bacteremia was observed 38 times in 23 patients with CD4 less than 200/mm(3), and in 15 with CD4 greater than 200/mm(3) (p > 0.05). HAART does not significantly influences radiographic appearances of lung disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (p > 0.05). Immunosuppression induced by HIV infection was a major risk factor for development of pneumococcal lung disease (p = 0.04) and influences radiographic appearance; bronchopneumonia (p = 0.006), in particular multifocal (p = 0.008), which was more frequent in subjects with CD4 less than 200/mm(3). Bacteremia influences radiographic appearance of pneumococcal lung disease; lobar pneumonia was more frequent (p = 0.003), and considering CD4 cell count, was more frequent if CD4 cell count was above 200/mm(3). An original finding of this study was the frequency of interstitial changes. This pattern of pneumonia, found in 17% of our patients, could represent a difference between HIV-seropositive and -seronegative subject in displaying pneumococcal lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Busi Rizzi
- Department of Radiology, L Spallanzani National institute for infectious diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Schininá
- Department of Radiology, L Spallanzani National institute for infectious diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rovighi
- Department of Radiology, L Spallanzani National institute for infectious diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Cristofaro
- Department of Radiology, L Spallanzani National institute for infectious diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bordi
- Department of Radiology, L Spallanzani National institute for infectious diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Narciso
- Department of Radiology, L Spallanzani National institute for infectious diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Bibbolino
- Department of Radiology, L Spallanzani National institute for infectious diseases, Rome, Italy
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