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Qian W, Yang L, Li T, Li W, Zhou J, Xie S. RNA modifications in pulmonary diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e546. [PMID: 38706740 PMCID: PMC11068158 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Threatening public health, pulmonary disease (PD) encompasses diverse lung injuries like chronic obstructive PD, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pulmonary infections due to pathogen invasion, and fatal lung cancer. The crucial involvement of RNA epigenetic modifications in PD pathogenesis is underscored by robust evidence. These modifications not only shape cell fates but also finely modulate the expression of genes linked to disease progression, suggesting their utility as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic strategies. The critical RNA modifications implicated in PDs are summarized in this review, including N6-methylation of adenosine, N1-methylation of adenosine, 5-methylcytosine, pseudouridine (5-ribosyl uracil), 7-methylguanosine, and adenosine to inosine editing, along with relevant regulatory mechanisms. By shedding light on the pathology of PDs, these summaries could spur the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, ultimately paving the way for early PD diagnosis and treatment innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qian
- Emergency Department of Emergency MedicineLaboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, And Disaster Medical, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Emergency DepartmentShangjinnanfu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lvying Yang
- The Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe First Veterans Hospital of Sichuan ProvinceChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianlong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Wanlin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's HospitalShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jian Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National‐Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhenChina
- Department of ImmunologyInternational Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Shenglong Xie
- Department of Thoracic SurgerySichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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Vandtved JH, Øvlisen AK, Baech J, Weinrich UM, Severinsen MT, Maksten EF, Jakobsen LH, Glimelius I, Kamper P, Hutchings M, Specht L, Dahl-Sørensen R, Christensen JH, El-Galaly TC. Pulmonary diseases in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma relative to a matched background population: A Danish national cohort study. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38685596 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Late toxicities can impact survivorship in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) with pulmonary toxicity after bleomycin-containing chemotherapy being a concern. The incidence of pulmonary diseases was examined in this Danish population-based study. A total of 1474 adult patients with cHL treated with ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) or BEACOPP (bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine and prednisone) between 2000 and 2018 were included along with 7370 age- and sex-matched comparators from the background population. Median follow-up was 8.6 years for the patients. Patients with cHL had increased risk of incident pulmonary diseases (HR 2.91 [95% CI 2.30-3.68]), with a 10-year cumulative risk of 7.4% versus 2.9% for comparators. Excess risks were observed for interstitial lung diseases (HR 15.84 [95% CI 9.35-26.84]) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 1.99 [95% CI 1.43-2.76]), with a 10-year cumulative risk of 4.1% and 3.5% respectively for patients. No excess risk was observed for asthma (HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.43-1.56]). Risk factors for interstitial lung diseases were age ≥60 years, the presence of B-symptoms and low albumin. These findings document a significant burden of pulmonary diseases among patients with cHL and emphasize the importance of diagnostic work-up of pulmonary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Haugaard Vandtved
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kiesbye Øvlisen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Joachim Baech
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Møller Weinrich
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marianne Tang Severinsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eva Futtrup Maksten
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lasse Hjort Jakobsen
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Kamper
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Tarec C El-Galaly
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shurin MR, Wheeler SE, Shurin GV, Zhong H, Zhou Y. Schwann cells in the normal and pathological lung microenvironment. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1365760. [PMID: 38638689 PMCID: PMC11024312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1365760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The lungs are a key organ in the respiratory system. They are regulated by a complex network of nerves that control their development, structure, function, and response to various pathological stimuli. Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of a neural mechanism in different pathophysiological conditions in the lungs and the development and progression of common respiratory diseases. Lung diseases are the chief source of death globally. For instance, lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy, after prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, and is the most lethal cancer worldwide. However, although airway nerves are accepted as a mechanistically and therapeutically important feature that demands appropriate emphasizing in the context of many respiratory diseases, significantly less is known about the role of the neuroglial cells in lung physiology and pathophysiology, including lung cancer. New data have uncovered some cellular and molecular mechanisms of how Schwann cells, as fundamental components of the peripheral nervous system, may regulate lung cancer cells' survival, spreading, and invasiveness in vitro and in vivo. Schwann cells control the formation and maintenance of the lung cancer microenvironment and support metastasis formation. It was also reported that the number of lung cancer-associated Schwann cells correlates with patients' survival. Different factors secreted by Schwann cells, including microRNA, are known to sharpen the lung cancer environment by regulating the tumor-neuro-immune axis. Further clinical and experimental studies are required to elucidate the detailed role of Schwann cells in creating and maintaining pulmonary tumor-neuro-immune axis, which will advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of lung cancer and may inform therapeutic hypotheses aiming neoplasms and metastases in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Galina V. Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yong J, Shu H, Zhang X, Yang K, Luo G, Yu L, Li J, Huang H. Natural Products-Based Inhaled Formulations for Treating Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1723-1748. [PMID: 38414528 PMCID: PMC10898359 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s451206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the unique physiological and pathological characteristics of the lung, the direct, inhalable route is more conducive to pulmonary drug delivery and disease control than traditional systemic drug delivery, significantly circumventing drug loss, off-target effects, systemic and organ toxicity, etc., and is widely regarded as the preferred regimen for pulmonary drug delivery. However, very few lung diseases are currently treated with the preferred inhaled formulations, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension. And there is a lack of appropriate inhaled formulations for other critical lung diseases, such as lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, due to the fact that the physicochemical properties of the drugs and their pharmacokinetic profiles do not match the physiology of the lung, and conventional inhalation devices are unable to deliver them to the specific parts of the lung. Phytochemicals of natural origin, due to their wide availability and clear safety profile, hold great promise for the preparation of inhalable formulations to improve the current dilemma in the treatment of lung diseases. In particular, the preparation of inhalable formulations based on nano- and microparticulate carriers for drug delivery to deep lung tissues, which overcome the shortcomings of conventional inhalation therapies while targeting the drug activity directly to a specific part of the lung, may be the best approach to change the current dilemma of lung disease treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in nano- and micron-carrier-based inhalation formulations for the delivery of natural products for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, which may represent an opportunity for practical clinical translation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Yong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Children Special Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guining Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of China
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Ambreetha S, Zincke D, Balachandar D, Mathee K. Genomic and metabolic versatility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to its inter-kingdom transmission and survival. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38362900 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most versatile bacteria with renowned pathogenicity and extensive drug resistance. The diverse habitats of this bacterium include fresh, saline and drainage waters, soil, moist surfaces, taps, showerheads, pipelines, medical implants, nematodes, insects, plants, animals, birds and humans. The arsenal of virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa includes pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, siderophores, lytic enzymes, toxins and polysaccharides. All these virulent elements coupled with intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antibiotic resistance facilitate persistent colonization and lethal infections in different hosts. To date, treating pulmonary diseases remains complicated due to the chronic secondary infections triggered by hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa. On the contrary, this bacterium can improve plant growth by suppressing phytopathogens and insects. Notably, P. aeruginosa is one of the very few bacteria capable of trans-kingdom transmission and infection. Transfer of P. aeruginosa strains from plant materials to hospital wards, animals to humans, and humans to their pets occurs relatively often. Recently, we have identified that plant-associated P. aeruginosa strains could be pathologically similar to clinical isolates. In this review, we have highlighted the genomic and metabolic factors that facilitate the dominance of P. aeruginosa across different biological kingdoms and the varying roles of this bacterium in plant and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dananjeyan Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Manti S, Gambadauro A, Li Pomi A, Leonardi S. Editorial: An overview on allergic and pulmonary diseases: from birth to childhood. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1353772. [PMID: 38269322 PMCID: PMC10806048 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1353772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Gambadauro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Li Pomi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood Gaetano Barresi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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7
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Liang X, Liu JX. [Role of macrophage polarization in pulmonary diseases and intervention of traditional Chinese medicines]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2024; 49:334-343. [PMID: 38403309 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230911.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
As important immune cells, macrophages are a key factor involved in maintaining the homeostasis of the pulmonary microenvironment. Under different conditions, macrophages with high plasticity can be polarized into classically activated(M1) and selectively activated(M2) macrophages, which have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. M1/M2 phenotype is associated with the occurrence and development of pulmonary diseases. A variety of information molecules and cytokines involved in the polarization of macrophages play a role in regulating phenotypes in pulmonary diseases, and the phenotype transformation varies significantly in different diseases. This paper introduces the biological characteristics of macrophage polarization and expounds the roles of macrophage polarization in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, the research progress in the regulation of macrophage polarization by the active components in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the TCM compound prescriptions in the treatment of pulmonary diseases was reviewed. This review aims to explore the potential of macrophage polarization in regulating pulmonary inflammation and provide new ideas for related clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jian-Xun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100091, China
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Jain KG, Xi NM, Zhao R, Ahmad W, Ali G, Ji HL. Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell Organoids: Focus on Culture Methods. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3034. [PMID: 38002035 PMCID: PMC10669847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases rank third in terms of mortality and represent a significant economic burden globally. Scientists have been conducting research to better understand respiratory diseases and find treatments for them. An ideal in vitro model must mimic the in vivo organ structure, physiology, and pathology. Organoids are self-organizing, three-dimensional (3D) structures originating from adult stem cells, embryonic lung bud progenitors, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These 3D organoid cultures may provide a platform for exploring tissue development, the regulatory mechanisms related to the repair of lung epithelia, pathophysiological and immunomodulatory responses to different respiratory conditions, and screening compounds for new drugs. To create 3D lung organoids in vitro, both co-culture and feeder-free methods have been used. However, there exists substantial heterogeneity in the organoid culture methods, including the sources of AT2 cells, media composition, and feeder cell origins. This article highlights the currently available methods for growing AT2 organoids and prospective improvements to improve the available culture techniques/conditions. Further, we discuss various applications, particularly those aimed at modeling human distal lung diseases and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Gopal Jain
- Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.G.J.); (R.Z.); (W.A.)
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Nan Miles Xi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA;
| | - Runzhen Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.G.J.); (R.Z.); (W.A.)
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.G.J.); (R.Z.); (W.A.)
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Gibran Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (K.G.J.); (R.Z.); (W.A.)
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Alahmadi NA, Alzahrani R, Bshnaq AG, Alkhathlan MA, Alyasi AA, Alahmadi AM, Khan MA, Zaidi SF. General Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding the Impact of Air Pollution and Cardio pulmonary Diseases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e48976. [PMID: 38024050 PMCID: PMC10657150 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Air pollution is a critical public health issue associated with various respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The lungs and heart are the organs most affected by air pollution, and damage to these organs is strongly associated with inhaled particulate matter produced by burning fossil fuels. Household and ambient air pollution have been closely linked to lower respiratory infections, with ambient air pollution alone estimated to be responsible for millions of deaths globally each year. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the general public knowledge attitude and practice regarding air pollution and cardiopulmonary morbidity in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods The study was conducted in Saudi Arabia using a self-administered questionnaire distributed through popular social media apps. A snowball sampling technique was used, including only Saudi citizens aged 18 or older. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions derived from a comprehensive literature review on the subject matter. Questions were validated through face validity, pilot testing, and Cronbach's alpha reliability measurement. The questionnaire included questions on demographic data, knowledge of air pollution, the relationship between air pollution and cardiopulmonary diseases, and attitudes and practices toward lowering exposure to air pollution. Results The study included 649 participants, with a mean age of 32.11 ± 13.47 years, and over half were females (54.7%). Most participants were aware of outdoor and indoor air pollution, but only a tiny percentage recognized cooking as a primary indoor source of pollution. However, the majority believed that indoor pollution could contribute to outdoor pollution. Participants associated air pollution with cardiopulmonary diseases, mainly secondhand tobacco smoke and outdoor air pollution caused by factories and industrial facilities. Knowledge and practice levels varied, with older individuals, females, and those in non-health-related occupations having higher levels of knowledge. Positive attitudes, particularly believing that moving to a less polluted area improves health, were associated with better knowledge. Females exhibited better air pollution-related practices, and there was a positive correlation between knowledge and practice scores. Conclusion The study highlighted the need for targeted public health campaigns to improve awareness and promote healthier practices, particularly among young adults, to mitigate the potential health impacts of air pollution, especially cardiopulmonary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf A Alahmadi
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rakan Alzahrani
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullatif G Bshnaq
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed A Alkhathlan
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulrahman A Alyasi
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abeer M Alahmadi
- Family Medicine, Program of Postgraduate Studies in Family Medicine, Public Health Administration, Ministery of Health, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Medical Education, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Syed Faisal Zaidi
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Islamabad, PAK
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Azezew MT, Gobena T, Mengstie MA, Mulat E. Pulmonary function tests and their associated factors in people living with HIV at Jimma medical center; Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. Front Reprod Health 2023; 5:1178304. [PMID: 37901155 PMCID: PMC10611469 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1178304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a greater risk of developing respiratory disorders. The problems are linked to poor socio-economic status, high viral load, low CD4 counts, and antiretroviral therapy. Despite the high prevalence of respiratory disorders, the association between HIV infection and pulmonary function status, as well as the associated factors, is not well established in resource-limited countries. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from September 24 to October 15 2020 at Jimma Medical Center among people living with HIV who were arranged into an age-sex-matched comparison group. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire administered via face-to-face interviews. The collected data included socio-demographic, respiratory, HIV infection, and substance use variables. Pulmonary function tests were conducted using an SP10 spirometer. The collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Independent t-test and multiple linear regressions were carried out to identify factors associated with the pulmonary function status of the study participants. Results A total of 96 PLHIV and 96 matched control individuals participated in the study. The mean of pulmonary function test parameters among the PLHIV respondents was FVC (l) (67.35 ± 19.12, p0.003), FEV1s (l) (61.76 ± 16.04, p0.001), and PEFR (50.14 ± 23.32, p0.001), with a significant lowering in the study group. Female sex, respiratory symptoms, duration of HIV, duration of treatment, and khat chewing were associated with lowered FEV1s (l) (p < 0.05) in HIV-positive respondents. Conclusion PLHIV had significantly lower mean lung function parameters than HIV-uninfected participants. As a result, health providers should screen HIV-positive patients with respiratory symptoms, prolonged duration of HIV infection, prolonged treatment, and khat chewing for non-infectious lung disorders while treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Teshome Azezew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Gobena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Asmamaw Mengstie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Mulat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Al-Mutairi DA, Alsabah BH, Pennekamp P, Omran H. Mapping the Most Common Founder Variant in RSPH9 That Causes Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Multiple Consanguineous Families of Bedouin Arabs. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6505. [PMID: 37892643 PMCID: PMC10607267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a congenital thoracic disorder caused by dysfunction of motile cilia, resulting in insufficient mucociliary clearance of the lungs. The overall aim of this study is to identify causative defective genes in PCD-affected individuals in the Kuwaiti population. METHODS A cohort of multiple consanguineous PCD families was identified from Kuwaiti patients and genomic DNA from the family members was isolated using standard procedures. The DNA samples from all affected individuals were analyzed by whole exome sequencing (WES). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescent analysis (IF) were performed on samples obtained by nasal brushings to identify specific structural abnormalities within ciliated cells. RESULTS Here, we present six multiplex families with 11 patients who all presented with typical PCD symptoms. Ten out of eleven patients inherited a 3 bp homozygous deletion of GAA in RSPH9, whereas the eleventh patients inherited this variant in trans with a frameshift deletion in RSPH9. Genetic results were confirmed by segregation analysis. The in-frame deletion of GAA in RSPH9 has previously been published as pathogenic in both annotated RSPH9 transcript variants (1 and 2). In contrast, the previously unpublished RSPH9 frameshift deletion identified in KU-15.IV2 impacts only RSPH9 transcript variant two. Regarding all 11 PCD individuals analyzed, IF results demonstrated absence of RSPH9 protein and TEM analysis showed the typical findings in RSPH9 mutant individuals. CONCLUSIONS We present the largest cohort of PCD individuals affected by the founder in-frame deletion GAA in RSPH9. This founder variant is the most common PCD-causing variant in Bedouin Arabs in Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal A. Al-Mutairi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Basel H. Alsabah
- Zain Hospital for Ear, Nose and Throat, Airport Road, Shuwaikh, Kuwait City 70030, Kuwait
| | - Petra Pennekamp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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12
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Balakrishnan B, Callahan SJ, Cherian SV, Subramanian A, Sarkar S, Bhatt N, Scholand MB. Climate Change for the Pulmonologist: A Focused Review. Chest 2023; 164:963-974. [PMID: 37054776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change adversely impacts global health. Increasingly, temperature variability, inclement weather, declining air quality, and growing food and clean water supply insecurities threaten human health. Earth's temperature is projected to increase up to 6.4 °C by the end of the 21st century, exacerbating the threat. Public and health care professionals, including pulmonologists, perceive the detrimental effects of climate change and air pollution and support efforts to mitigate its effects. In fact, evidence is strong that premature cardiopulmonary death is associated with air pollution exposure via inhalation through the respiratory system, which functions as a portal of entry. However, little guidance is available for pulmonologists in recognizing the effects of climate change and air pollution on the diverse range of pulmonary disorders. To educate and mitigate risk for patients competently, pulmonologists must be armed with evidence-based findings of the impact of climate change and air pollution on specific pulmonary diseases. Our goal is to provide pulmonologists with the background and tools to improve patients' health and to prevent adverse outcomes despite climate change-imposed threats. In this review, we detail current evidence of climate change and air pollution impact on a diverse range of pulmonary disorders. Knowledge enables a proactive and individualized approach toward prevention strategies for patients, rather than merely treating ailments reactively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bathmapriya Balakrishnan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL.
| | - Sean J Callahan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
| | - Sujith V Cherian
- Division of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Health-McGovern Medical School, Houston; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
| | - Abirami Subramanian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas, TX; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
| | - Sauradeep Sarkar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Nitin Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
| | - Mary-Beth Scholand
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
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13
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Zhai Y, Wang T, Fu Y, Yu T, Ding Y, Nie H. Ferulic Acid: A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Effects on Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098011. [PMID: 37175715 PMCID: PMC10178416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), a prevalent dietary phytochemical, has many pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects, and has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. Many studies have shown that FA can significantly downregulate the expression of reactive oxygen species and activate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling, exerting anti-oxidative effects. The anti-inflammatory effect of FA is mainly related to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways. FA has demonstrated potential clinical applications in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. The transforming growth factor-β1/small mothers against decapentaplegic 3 signaling pathway can be blocked by FA, thereby alleviating pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, in the context of asthma, the T helper cell 1/2 imbalance is restored by FA. Furthermore, FA ameliorates acute lung injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways via toll-like receptor 4, consequently decreasing the expression of downstream inflammatory mediators. Additionally, there is a moderate neuraminidase inhibitory activity showing a tendency to reduce the interleukin-8 level in response to influenza virus infections. Although the application of FA has broad prospects, more preclinical mechanism-based research should be carried out to test these applications in clinical settings. This review not only covers the literature on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of FA, but also discusses the therapeutic role and toxicology of FA in several pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Zhai
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunmei Fu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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14
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Jain S, Witt LJ, Ferrante LE. Clin-STAR corner: Recent practice-changing studies at the interface of pulmonary and critical care medicine and geriatrics. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:705-710. [PMID: 36536494 PMCID: PMC10023292 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Older adults suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease, and critical illnesses, such as sepsis and acute respiratory failure, are more vulnerable to adverse outcomes like disability and greater side effects from treatments. In this update, we discuss recent practice-changing clinical trials and observational studies in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine that have advanced our understanding of the diagnosis or management of older adults with chronic lung diseases or critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Jain
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Leah J. Witt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, CA
| | - Lauren E. Ferrante
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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15
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Méndez A, Nieto C, Hidalgo G, Rodríguez-Núñez I. Availability and characteristics of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in family health centers and hospitals from Chile: Descriptive, retrospective and multicentric study. Chron Respir Dis 2023; 20:14799731221147059. [PMID: 36703118 PMCID: PMC9903030 DOI: 10.1177/14799731221147059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine availability and characteristics of pulmonary rehabilitation programs performed in 2019 in family health centers and hospitals from Chile. METHODOLOGY A descriptive and retrospective study was designed, considering PR programs operated in 2019. A non-probability and convenience sample was obtained. Availability and characteristics of centers and PR were measured using a questionnaire translated, modified, validated, and sent by email. RESULTS Out of 80 responses (22.8%), 60% of centers offered PR program, where the lack of time was the greatest barrier. The programs were mainly outpatient, non-personalized, with 10(IQR 4-11) participants, 12 (IQR 12-16) weeks of length, with 2.4 ± 0.6 session/week, and 1 (IQR 1-2) hours/session. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was the most frequent diagnostic. The programs were mainly comprised of strength training exercises of lower extremity, upper extremity, walking and education. Team was constituted of physiotherapist and physician, with completed training, and directed by a physiotherapist. Modified Borg, MRC dyspnea scale, six-minute walking test and oximetry were used in the assessments. Between 40-80% of patients completed PR, and the major barrier was patient relocated. CONCLUSION Increasing PR availability, homogenization of exercises and education, prioritization of assessments supported by scientific evidence, and inclusion of follow-up could be useful to improve the access, quality and results of the treatment, considering new models of PR that allow greater access and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Méndez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Campus Providencia, Sede Santiago, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile,Andrea Méndez, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Campus Providencia, Sede Santiago, Universidad de las Américas, Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile.
| | - Carlos Nieto
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Campus Providencia, Sede Santiago, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Hidalgo
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Campus Providencia, Sede Santiago, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile,Hospital de niños Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Metropolitana, Chile
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16
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Soto-Vázquez YM, Genschmer KR. Impact of extracellular vesicles on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and potential therapy in cardiopulmonary disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1081015. [PMID: 36891265 PMCID: PMC9986338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary diseases span a wide breadth of conditions affecting both heart and lung, the burden of which is globally significant. Chronic pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This makes it critical to understand disease pathogenesis, thereby providing new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues to improve clinical outcomes. Extracellular vesicles provide insight into all three of these features of the disease. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound vesicles released by a multitude, if not all, cell types and are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes that play an important role in intercellular communication. They can be isolated from bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and saliva, and their contents include a variety of proteins, proteases, and microRNA. These vesicles have shown to act as effective transmitters of biological signals within the heart and lung and have roles in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of multiple cardiopulmonary diseases as well as demonstrate potential as therapeutic agents to treat said conditions. In this review article, we will discuss the role these extracellular vesicles play in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutic possibilities of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and infection-related cardiopulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixel M Soto-Vázquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kristopher R Genschmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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17
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Niranjan V, Tarantino G, Kumar J, Cassidy N, Galvin L, O’Dowd G, Barnes T, O’Neill F, Cullen M, O’Connor R, O’Regan A. Dancing for Health and Wellbeing: A Feasibility Study of Examining Health Impacts of Online Dancing among Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13510. [PMID: 36294090 PMCID: PMC9602927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is recommended in the management of patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) to improve health outcomes. Dance is one such form of PA which is meaningful, valuable, enjoyable and has demonstrated positive physical and mental health effects. METHODS With pre-post design, 16 patients, members of the Irish Lung Fibrosis Association, were enrolled in this study. Once weekly, 75-min dance sessions were delivered for eight weeks via Zoom by an experienced choreographer. Participants completed Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire Self-Administered Standardised Format (CRQ-SAS) and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Level Version (EQ-5D-3L) to assess self-rated quality of life. A paired-sample t-test was employed to assess the mean differences between the pre-and post-intervention scores. RESULTS Most patients (78.57%) were aged over 60 years; with 71.43% diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis more than 3 years ago. We performed an analysis of 10/16 participants who completed the intervention (5 males, 5 females). On CRQ-SAS scale we found, (a) dyspnoea-small to moderate magnitude improvement of 0.5-1.0 among 50%, (b) fatigue-small to moderate magnitude improvement of 0.5-1.0 among 40%, (c) emotional function-small to high magnitude improvement of 0.5-2.0 among 50%, (d) mastery-small magnitude improvement of 0.5 among 20%. Participants reported their health moderate to best on Visual Analogue Scale of EQ-5D-3L which improved by 1-3 scale among 40%. Mental health improved as percentage of not feeling anxious or depressed rose post event from 42.86% to 72.73%. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that a virtual dance intervention is acceptable, enjoyable and feasible for improving health outcomes among PF patients. More organised and continuous events in future may reveal cost-benefit ratio and impact on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Niranjan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giampiero Tarantino
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jaspal Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Nicola Cassidy
- Irish Lung Fibrosis Association, D01 V9Y4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam Galvin
- Irish Lung Fibrosis Association, D01 V9Y4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gemma O’Dowd
- Irish Lung Fibrosis Association, D01 V9Y4 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Finola O’Neill
- Irish Lung Fibrosis Association, D01 V9Y4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Cullen
- Irish Lung Fibrosis Association, D01 V9Y4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ray O’Connor
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew O’Regan
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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18
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Adiono T, Ahmadi N, Saraswati C, Aditya Y, Yudhanto YP, Aziz A, Wulandari L, Maranatha D, Khusnurrokhman G, Riadi ARW, Sudjud RW. Respinos: A Portable Device for Remote Vital Signs Monitoring of COVID-19 Patients. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2022; 16:947-961. [PMID: 36067112 PMCID: PMC9906646 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2022.3204632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing number of COVID-19 patients has posed a massive burden on many healthcare systems worldwide. Moreover, the limited availability of diagnostic and treatment equipment makes it difficult to treat patients in the hospital. To reduce the burden and maintain the quality of care, asymptomatic patients or patients with mild symptoms are advised to self-isolate at home. However, self-isolated patients need to be continuously monitored as their health can turn into critical condition within a short time. Therefore, a portable device that can remotely monitor the condition and progression of the health of these patients is urgently needed. Here we present a portable device, called Respinos, that can monitor multiparameter vital signs including respiratory rate, heart rate, body temperature, and SpO2. It can also operate as a spirometer that measures forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV), FEV in the first second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow Rate (PEFR) parameters which are useful for detecting pulmonary diseases. The spirometer is designed in the form of a tube that can be ergonomically inflated by the patient, and is equipped with an accurate and disposable turbine based air flow sensor to evaluate the patient's respiratory condition. Respinos uses rechargeable batteries and wirelessly connects to a mobile application whereby the patient's condition can be monitored in real-time and consulted with doctors via chat. Extensive comparison against medical-grade reference devices showed good performance of Respinos. Overall results demonstrate the potential of Respinos for remote patient monitoring during and post pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trio Adiono
- School of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsBandung Institute of TechnologyBandung40132Indonesia
| | - Nur Ahmadi
- Center for Artificial Intelligence (U-CoE AI-VLB), School of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsBandung Institute of TechnologyBandung40132Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Laksmi Wulandari
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Airlangga-RSUD dr. SoetomoSurabaya60115Indonesia
| | - Daniel Maranatha
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Airlangga-RSUD dr. SoetomoSurabaya60115Indonesia
| | - Gemilang Khusnurrokhman
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Airlangga-RSUD dr. SoetomoSurabaya60115Indonesia
| | - Agustinus Rizki Wirawan Riadi
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Airlangga-RSUD dr. SoetomoSurabaya60115Indonesia
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19
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Niranjan V, Tarantino G, Kumar J, Stokes D, O’Connor R, O’Regan A. The Impact of Dance Interventions on Patients with Noninfectious Pulmonary Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11115. [PMID: 36078841 PMCID: PMC9518039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dance has been highlighted as one of the most enjoyable, safe, and feasible forms of physical activity, improving physical health, mental health, and general well-being, among various patients. Little is known about the effect and impact of dance interventions to improve health among patients with pulmonary diseases, and research lacks a robust synthesis of evidence. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of dance intervention on patients with noninfectious pulmonary diseases. Following the PRISMA guidelines, six electronic databases were searched in May 2022. Of the 1308 unique records identified, seven studies (five quantitative, two qualitative) across four countries were included in this systematic review. Six studies investigated adult populations, and one study explored the effect of dance on children. The dance interventions lasted between 1 and 10 weeks. Overall, dance was perceived to have a broad range of physical/mental/social benefits, including quality of life, social cohesion, dyspnoea levels, balance, exercise tolerance, general well-being, and adherence to nutrition regimens. Furthermore, the dance session was the most enjoyable activity among children and adolescents with asthma. With available evidence, dance interventions are promising and may effectively improve health and well-being among patients with noninfectious pulmonary diseases. More organised and continuous long-term dance interventions in future may reveal a detailed impact on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Niranjan
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giampiero Tarantino
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jaspal Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Diarmuid Stokes
- UCD Library, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ray O’Connor
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew O’Regan
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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20
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Nieder R, Benbi DK. Reactive nitrogen compounds and their influence on human health: an overview. Rev Environ Health 2022; 37:229-246. [PMID: 34022126 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a critical component of food security, economy and planetary health. Human production of reactive nitrogen (Nr) via Haber-Bosch process and cultivation-induced biological N2 fixation (BNF) has doubled global N cycling over the last century. The most important beneficial effect of Nr is augmenting global food supplies due to increased crop yields. However, increased circulation of Nr in the environment is responsible for serious human health effects such as methemoglobinemia ("blue baby syndrome") and eutrophication of coastal and inland waters. Furthermore, ammonia (NH3) emission mainly from farming and animal husbandary impacts not only human health causing chronic lung disease, inflammation of human airways and irritation of eyes, sinuses and skin but is also involved in the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) that plays a critical role in environment and human health. Nr also affects human health via global warming, depletion of stratospheric ozone layer resulting in greater intensity of ultra violet B rays (UVB) on the Earth's surface, and creation of ground-level ozone (through reaction of NO2 with O2). The consequential indirect human health effects of Nr include the spread of vector-borne pathogens, increased incidence of skin cancer, development of cataracts, and serious respiratory diseases, besides land degradation. Evidently, the strategies to reduce Nr and mitigate adverse environmental and human health impacts include plugging pathways of nitrogen transport and loss through runoff, leaching and emissions of NH3, nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and other N compounds; improving fertilizer N use efficiency; reducing regional disparity in access to N fertilizers; enhancing BNF to decrease dependence on chemical fertilizers; replacing animal-based proteins with plant-based proteins; adopting improved methods of livestock raising and manure management; reducing air pollution and secondary PM formation; and subjecting industrial and vehicular NO x emission to pollution control laws. Strategic implementation of all these presents a major challenge across the fields of agriculture, ecology and public health. Recent observations on the reduction of air pollution in the COVID-19 lockdown period in several world regions provide an insight into the achievability of long-term air quality improvement. In this review, we focus on complex relationships between Nr and human health, highlighting a wide range of beneficial and detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Nieder
- Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dinesh K Benbi
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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21
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Mukherjee D, Bhatt S. Biocomposite-based nanostructured delivery systems for treatment and control of inflammatory lung diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:845-863. [PMID: 35477308 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases related to the lungs are among the most prevalent medical problems threatening human life. The treatment options and therapeutics available for these diseases are hindered by inadequate drug concentrations at pathological sites, a dearth of cell-specific targeting and different biological barriers in the alveoli or conducting airways. Nanostructured delivery systems for lung drug delivery have been significant in addressing these issues. The strategies used include surface engineering by altering the material structure or incorporation of specific ligands to reach prespecified targets. The unique characteristics of nanoparticles, such as controlled size and distribution, surface functional groups and therapeutic release triggering capabilities, are tailored to specific requirements to overcome the major therapeutic barriers in pulmonary diseases. In the present review, the authors intend to deliver significant up-to-date research in nanostructured therapies in inflammatory lung diseases with an emphasis on biocomposite-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubojyoti Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Shvetank Bhatt
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474005, India
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22
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Łukaszuk RF, Nycz KP, Plens K, Undas A. Caprini VTE computerized risk assessment improves the use of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with pulmonary disorders. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2022; 31:261-266. [PMID: 34738348 DOI: 10.17219/acem/115080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate thromboprophylaxis reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) by half in hospitalized patients. A single scoring system is recommended to improve thromboprophylaxis. OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of implementing a computerized system to prevent VTE in inpatients with pulmonary diseases and identified predictors of the overuse and underuse of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compared the use of thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin in all patients hospitalized for pulmonary disorders in a tertiary hospital in Kraków, Poland, in 2014 and 2017, before and after introducing a computerized thromboprophylaxis system. Using the Caprini risk assessment, the overuse and underuse of thromboprophylaxis were defined as the use in patients with <5 points and ≥5 points, respectively. RESULTS Both cohorts (n = 2007 in 2014 and n = 1570 in 2017) were similar with regard to age and sex. The most frequent causes of hospitalization were intestinal lung disease (39.0%) and lung cancer (20.4%) in 2017, and pneumonia (38.8%) and lung cancer (27.5%) in 2014. Although the use of thromboprophylaxis was comparable in both cohorts, it was used more frequently in high VTE risk patients in 2017 compared with 2014 (96.98% compared to 29.17%, respectively, p < 0.001), with a concomitant reduction in its overuse (2.26% compared to 6.26%, respectively, p < 0.001). In 2017, no predictors of thromboprophylaxis underuse were identified. The overuse was mainly predicted by the diagnosis of airway diseases (odds ratio (OR) = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.02-1.17, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the benefits of using a computerized system to manage pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in pulmonary inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anetta Undas
- Center for Research and Medical Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Hussain Y, Cui JH, Khan H, Makvandi P, Alam W. Biomacromolecule-mediated pulmonary delivery of siRNA and anti-sense oligos: challenges and possible solutions. Expert Rev Mol Med 2021; 23:e22. [PMID: 34906269 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2021.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules have gained much attention as biomedicine carriers in recent years due to their remarkable biophysical and biochemical properties including sustainability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, long systemic circulation time and ability to target. Recent developments in a variety of biological functions of biomacromolecules and progress in the study of biological drug carriers suggest that these carriers may have advantages over carriers of synthetic materials in terms of half-life, durability, protection and manufacturing facility. Despite the full pledge advancements in the applications of biomacromolecules, its clinical use is hindered by certain factors that allow the pre-mature release of loaded cargos before reaching the target site. The delivery therapeutics are degraded by systemic nucleases, cleared by reticulo-endothelial system, cleared by pulmonary mucus cilia or engulfed by lysosome during cellular uptake that has led to the failure of clinical therapy. It clearly indicates that there is a wide range of gaps in the results of experimental work and clinical applications of biomacromolecules. This review focuses mainly on the barriers (intracellular/extracellular) and hurdles to the delivery of biomacromolecules with special emphasis on siRNA as well as the delivery of antisense oligos in multiple pulmonary diseases, particularly focusing on lung cancer. Also, the challenges posed to such delivery and possible solutions have been highlighted.
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Herkert C, Graat-Verboom L, Gilsing-Fernhout J, Schols M, Kemps HMC. Home-Based Exercise Program for Patients With Combined Advanced Chronic Cardiac and Pulmonary Diseases: Exploratory Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e28634. [PMID: 34751655 PMCID: PMC8663616 DOI: 10.2196/28634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As chronic cardiac and pulmonary diseases often coexist, there is a need for combined physical home-based rehabilitation programs, specifically addressing older patients with advanced disease stages. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the completion and adherence rates of an 8-week, home-based exercise program for patients with advanced cardiopulmonary disease. The secondary end points include patient satisfaction; adverse events; and program efficacy in terms of change in functional capacity, level of dyspnea, and health-related quality of life. METHODS The participants received a goal-oriented, home-based exercise program, and they used a wrist-worn activity tracker to record their exercise sessions. Activity tracker data were made visible on a digital platform, which was also equipped with several other features such as short instruction videos on how to perform specific exercises. The participants received weekly coaching by a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist through video communication. RESULTS In all, 10 patients with advanced combined cardiopulmonary disease participated (median age 71, IQR 63-75 years), and 50% (5/10) were men. Of the 10 participants, 9 (90%) completed the 8-week program. Median adherence to the exercise prescription was 75% (IQR 37%-88%), but it declined significantly when the program was divided into 2-week periods (first 2 weeks: 86%, IQR 51%-100%, and final 2 weeks: 57%, IQR 8%-75%; P=.03). The participants were highly satisfied with the program (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire: median score 29, IQR 26-32, and Purpose-Designed Questionnaire: median score 103, IQR 92-108); however, of the 9 participants, 4 (44%) experienced technical issues. The Patient-Specific Complaints Instrument scores declined, indicating functional improvement (from median 7.5, IQR 6.1-8.9, to median 5.7, IQR 3.8-6.7; P=.01). Other program efficacy metrics showed a trend toward improvement. CONCLUSIONS Home-based cardiopulmonary telerehabilitation for patients with severe combined cardiopulmonary disease is feasible in terms of high completion and satisfaction rates. Nevertheless, a decrease in adherence during the program was observed, and some of the participants reported difficulties with the technology, indicating the importance of the integration of behavior change techniques, using appropriate technology. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register NL9182; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/9182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Herkert
- Department of Cardiology, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manon Schols
- ParaMáx: Center for Paramedic Care, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Hareld Marijn Clemens Kemps
- Department of Cardiology, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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25
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Wang L, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Liu L, Jiang W, Zhang H, Liu H. Necroptosis in Pulmonary Diseases: A New Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737129. [PMID: 34594225 PMCID: PMC8476758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, apoptosis has been the most well-studied regulated cell death (RCD) that has essential functions in tissue homeostasis throughout life. However, a novel form of RCD called necroptosis, which requires receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), has recently been receiving increasing scientific attention. The phosphorylation of RIPK3 enables the recruitment and phosphorylation of MLKL, which oligomerizes and translocates to the plasma membranes, ultimately leading to plasma membrane rupture and cell death. Although apoptosis elicits no inflammatory responses, necroptosis triggers inflammation or causes an innate immune response to protect the body through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Increasing evidence now suggests that necroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases such as systemic inflammation, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, neurological diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the emerging insights of necroptosis and its contribution toward the pathogenesis of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiling Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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Teng PC, Liang Y, Yarmishyn AA, Hsiao YJ, Lin TY, Lin TW, Teng YC, Yang YP, Wang ML, Chien CS, Luo YH, Chen YM, Hsu PK, Chiou SH, Chien Y. RNA Modifications and Epigenetics in Modulation of Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10592. [PMID: 34638933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and its tumorigenesis involves the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic events in the respiratory epithelium. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, RNA modification, and histone modifications, have been widely reported to play an important role in lung cancer development and in other pulmonary diseases. Whereas the functionality of DNA and chromatin modifications referred to as epigenetics is widely characterized, various modifications of RNA nucleotides have recently come into prominence as functionally important. N6-methyladosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification in mRNAs, and its machinery of writers, erasers, and readers is well-characterized. However, several other nucleotide modifications of mRNAs and various noncoding RNAs have also been shown to play an important role in the regulation of biological processes and pathology. Such epitranscriptomic modifications play an important role in regulating various aspects of RNA metabolism, including transcription, translation, splicing, and stability. The dysregulation of epitranscriptomic machinery has been implicated in the pathological processes associated with carcinogenesis including uncontrolled cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In recent years, with the advancement of RNA sequencing technology, high-resolution maps of different modifications in various tissues, organs, or disease models are being constantly reported at a dramatic speed. This facilitates further understanding of the relationship between disease development and epitranscriptomics, shedding light on new therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we summarize the basic information on RNA modifications, including m6A, m1A, m5C, m7G, pseudouridine, and A-to-I editing. We then demonstrate their relation to different kinds of lung diseases, especially lung cancer. By comparing the different roles RNA modifications play in the development processes of different diseases, this review may provide some new insights and offer a better understanding of RNA epigenetics and its involvement in pulmonary diseases.
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Abubacker AP, Ndakotsu A, Chawla HV, Iqbal A, Grewal A, Myneni R, Vivekanandan G, Khan S. Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Prehospital and Emergency Settings. Cureus 2021; 13:e15624. [PMID: 34277241 PMCID: PMC8277092 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive ventilation is an important intervention in treating acute respiratory failure caused by acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although there are studies that give evidence on the efficacy and safety of non-invasive ventilation over standard medical care for COPD and cardiogenic pulmonary edema, less are known about the form of non-invasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) as an effective intervention for respiratory failure and its efficacy and safety in prehospital settings. We conducted a systematic review by using PubMed and Google Scholar as databases for collecting studies related to the effectiveness of CPAP and BiPAP for cardiogenic pulmonary edema and COPD; the major outcome studied was reducing rates of endotracheal intubation secondary and tertiary outcomes included mortality reduction and shortening length of hospital stay. The study follows the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist 2009. Sixteen studies were identified, including systematic reviews, randomized control trials, and observational studies. Studies published on or after 2010 in a population greater than 40 years old suffering from acute COPD and cardiogenic pulmonary edema were taken for review. Studies that described other respiratory diseases treated with non-invasive ventilation were excluded. Quality appraisal was done using the Cochrane risk bias tool for randomized control trials, Amstar-2 for systematic reviews, and New Castle Ottawa Tool for observational studies. Five studies compared the effectiveness of CPAP and BiPAP with standard medical care in prehospital and emergency settings. Six studies described prehospital intervention. Both forms of non-invasive ventilation were equally significant and effective. Prehospital use had tremendously reduced intubation rates, with not much variability noticed for mortality and hospital stay. Non-invasive ventilation is an effective measure for respiratory failure secondary to COPD and ACPE. Early out of hospital utilization of CPAP and BiPAP reduces the rate of invasive ventilation and reduces complications due to endotracheal intubation. Endotracheal intubation is associated with a considerable incidence of complications like failed intubation, hypotension, or circulatory arrest, even if the emergency physician is well trained, making these forms of non-invasive ventilation safe and effective interventions in the prehospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansha P Abubacker
- Emergency Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Andrew Ndakotsu
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Harsh V Chawla
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aimen Iqbal
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Amit Grewal
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Revathi Myneni
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Govinathan Vivekanandan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Schlögl M, Iyer AS, Riese F, Blum D, O'Hare L, Kulkarni T, Pautex S, Schildmann J, Swetz KM, Kumar P, Jones CA. Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Prognostication in Oncology, Dementia, Frailty, and Pulmonary Diseases. J Palliat Med 2021; 24:1391-1397. [PMID: 34264746 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostication has been described as "Medicine's Lost Art." Taken with diagnosis and treatment, prognostication is the third leg on which medical care rests. As research leads to additional beneficial treatments for vexing conditions like cancer, dementia, and lung disease, prognostication becomes even more difficult. This article, written by a group of palliative care clinicians with backgrounds in geriatrics, pulmonology, and oncology, aims to offer a useful framework for consideration of prognosis in these conditions. This article will serve as the first in a three-part series on prognostication in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schlögl
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich and City Hospital Waid Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, City Hospital Waid Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anand S Iyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Medicine, Center for Outcomes and Effectiveness Research and Education, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Florian Riese
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging," University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Blum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Competence Center for Palliative Care, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lanier O'Hare
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sophie Pautex
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, University of Geneva, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Schildmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Keith M Swetz
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Pallavi Kumar
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ruth and Raymond Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher A Jones
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Hryzhak IH. Invasion with Toxoplasma gondii can promote pneumocystis pneumonia in individuals with HIV/AIDS. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2021; 68. [PMID: 34279242 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2021.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary pathology is common in HIV-infected individuals, but the possible role of the parasitic protist Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) is not completely known. The present account reports result of a retrospective cohort study. Medical cards of 907 HIV-positive people, which included 120 deceased patients, were analysed. During a three-year follow-up, the pulmonary pathology was diagnosed in 306 patients (33.7 ± 1.6%): pneumocystis pneumonia in 124 (13.7 ± 1.1%), primary pulmonary tuberculosis in 113 (12.5 ± 1.1%), bacterial pneumonia in 58 (6.4 ± 0.8%) toxoplasmosis pneumonia in two (0.2 ± 0.2%), and others. All patients were divided into two cohorts: 531 individuals seropositive for T. gondii and 376 seronegative ones. It has been found out that general lung pathology is more common in patients with seropositivity to T. gondii than in seronegative ones (43.3 ± 2.2% vs. 20.1 ± 2.0%, p < 0.001). The diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia was made ten times more often in the cohort of seropositive patients than in the cohort of seronegative ones (21.9 ± 1.8% vs. 2.1 ± 0.7%, respectively, p < 0.001) and in deceased patients of these cohorts it was 5.5 times more (45.1 ± 5.9% vs. 8.2 ± 3.9, respectively, p < 0.001). In patients with fatal outcome and seropositivity to T. gondii, the incidences of pneumocystis pneumonia increased by 23.2% (p < 0.001) and bacterial pneumonia by 12.4% (p < 0.05), whereas in seronegative individuals only pulmonary tuberculosis increased by 13.1% (p < 0.05) сompared with corresponding whole cohorts. Pearson's contingency coefficient showed the mean strength association between infection with T. gondii and incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia both in whole cohort (C = 0.272) and in patients with fatal outcomes (C = 0.368). In сonclusion, significantly increasing rate of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with HIV/AIDS and T. gondii infection can be caused by certain synergism between T. gondii and Pneumocystis jirovecii and in some cases overdiagnosis pneumocystis pneumonia due to undiagnosed toxoplasmosis pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihor H Hryzhak
- Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine and Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Center for AIDS Prevention and Fight, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Masson Silva JB, Tannus Silva DGS, Furtado RG, da Silva Júnior CG, Araújo FA, Costa SDA, Marra da Madeira Freitas E, Rassi DDC, Rabahi MF, Rassi S. Correlation Between 2D Strain and Classic Echocardiographic Indices in the Diagnosis of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1967-1976. [PMID: 34234427 PMCID: PMC8254030 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s290957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to define which of the right ventricular myocardial deformation indices best correlates with the classic echocardiographic measurements and indices of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients and Methods Ninety-one patients with stable COPD underwent clinical evaluation, spirometry, a 6-minute walk test, and echocardiographic examination. Patients were divided into two groups: “with RV dysfunction” (≥1 classic parameter) and “without RV dysfunction”. We used speckle tracking to estimate myocardial deformation. For all analyses, results were considered significant if p < 0.05. Results The mean age across all participants was 65 ± 9 years, with 53% (48/91) being male. Patients in the group with RV dysfunction were able to walk shorter distances and had higher estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). The RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) was the only deformation indices that showed a significant correlation with all classic measurements and indices in the diagnosis of RV dysfunction (Wald test, 10.24; p < 0.01; odds ratio, 1.61). In the ROC curve analysis, the absolute value <20% was the lowest cut-off point of this index for detection of RV dysfunction (AUC = 0.93, S: 95.8%, and E: 88%). Conclusion In COPD patients, RVFWLS is the myocardial deformation index that best correlates with classic echocardiographic parameters for the diagnosis of RV dysfunction using <20% as a cut-off point.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Salvador Rassi
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Samani MK, Mosavi SH, Arefizadeh R. Evaluation of spirometry findings with severity of coronary artery disease in smoker patients undergoing angiography in military hospital during 2019-2020. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 11:368-374. [PMID: 34322306 PMCID: PMC8303042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is the most common cardiovascular worldwide, and some factors can affect the prognosis of this disease. So, in this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between spirometry and cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing coronary angiography who were referred to military hospitals. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 200 smokers referred to military hospital for angiography, were enrolled in terms of the inclusion and exclusion criteria between 2019 and 2020. The severity of the coronary artery involvement was determined using Gensini score. The relationship among spirometry and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC with other variables including lipid profile, demographic findings, blood pressure, physical activity, and severity of coronary artery involvement were also exanimated. RESULTS The frequency of severity of coronary involvement were reported as 3.5% with 25% involvement, 7% with 26-50% involvement, 5.5% with 51-75% involvement, 27.5% with 76-90% involvement, 47% with 91-99% involvement, and 9.5% with 100% involvement. In addition, there was no significant relationship between severity of coronary involvement and FEV1 and FVC (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the groups based on FEV1/FVC (P=0.003), in which the mean of FEV1/FVC was significantly lower in higher severity of coronary involvement compared to lower severity of coronary involvement. There were significant relationships between severity of coronary involvement and body mass index, fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, physical activity, and smoking (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There is an association between pulmonary diseases and coronary disease, in which the increased coronary involvement severity is associated with the decreased FEV1/FVC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Hossein Mosavi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arefizadeh
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
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Patergnani S, Bouhamida E, Leo S, Pinton P, Rimessi A. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and "Mito-Inflammation": Actors in the Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020216. [PMID: 33672477 PMCID: PMC7923430 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in mitochondrial redox homeostasis has been associated with the development of a wide range of inflammatory-related diseases. Continue discoveries demonstrate that mitochondria are pivotal elements to trigger inflammation and stimulate innate immune signaling cascades to intensify the inflammatory response at front of different stimuli. Here, we review the evidence that an exacerbation in the levels of mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to mito-inflammation, a new concept that identifies the compartmentalization of the inflammatory process, in which the mitochondrion acts as central regulator, checkpoint, and arbitrator. In particular, we discuss how ROS contribute to specific aspects of mito-inflammation in different inflammatory-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, pulmonary diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Taken together, these observations indicate that mitochondrial ROS influence and regulate a number of key aspects of mito-inflammation and that strategies directed to reduce or neutralize mitochondrial ROS levels might have broad beneficial effects on inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Sara Leo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (S.L.); (P.P.)
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Guidelines differ in their guidance on the use of N95 respirators versus medical masks for frontline health care workers working with patients with COVID-19, particularly when aerosolized procedures are not involved. This article makes the case that the existing data are inconclusive regarding the comparative effectiveness of N95 versus medical masks and could be misinterpreted. The authors suggest a reevaluation of this evidence or acknowledgement of these deficiencies in the setting of guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Quyen Dau
- Marshall B. Ketchum University College of Pharmacy, Fullerton, California (N.Q.D.)
| | - Harry Peled
- Providence-St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, California (H.P., J.L., C.S.)
| | | | - Julie Lyou
- Providence-St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, California (H.P., J.L., C.S.)
| | - Claudia Skinner
- Providence-St. Jude Medical Center, Fullerton, California (H.P., J.L., C.S.)
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34
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Abstract
As the global COVID-19 pandemic spreads worldwide, new challenges arise in the clinical landscape. The need for reliable diagnostic methods, treatments and vaccines for COVID-19 is the major worldwide urgency. While these goals are especially important, the growing risk of co-infections is a major threat not only to the health systems but also to patients' lives. Although there is still not enough published statistical data, co-infections in COVID-19 patients found that a significant number of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 developed secondary systemic mycoses that led to serious complications and even death. This review will discuss some of these important findings with the major aim to warn the population about the high risk of concomitant systemic mycoses in individuals weakened by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Segrelles-Calvo
- Servicio de Neumologia, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica Fundación Jiménez Diaz, Madrid, España
| | - Glauber R de S Araújo
- Laboratorio de Biofísica de Fungos. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratorio de Biofísica de Fungos. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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35
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Jutant EM, Tu L, Humbert M, Guignabert C, Huertas A. The Thousand Faces of Leptin in the Lung. Chest 2020; 159:239-248. [PMID: 32795478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a pleotropic hormone known to regulate a wide range of systemic functions, from satiety to inflammation. Increasing evidence has shown that leptin and its receptor (ObR) are not only expressed in adipose tissue but also in several organs, including the lungs. Leptin levels were first believed to be elevated only in the lungs of obese patients, and leptin was suspected to be responsible for obesity-related lung complications. Aside from obesity, leptin displays many faces in the respiratory system, independently of body weight, as this cytokine-like hormone plays important physiological roles, from the embryogenic state to maturation of the lungs and the control of ventilation. The leptin-signaling pathway is also involved in immune modulation and cell proliferation, and its dysregulation can lead to the onset of lung diseases. This review article addresses the thousand faces of leptin and its signaling in the lungs under physiological conditions and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne-Marie Jutant
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999, "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ly Tu
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999, "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999, "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999, "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Alice Huertas
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999, "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies," Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora purpurea bacteria, effective against Gram-negative bacterial infections. Major fractions of the gentamicin complex (C1, C1a, C2, C2a) possess weak antifungal activity and one of the minor components (A, A1-A4, B, B1, X), gentamicin B1 was found to be a strong antifungal agent. METHODS This work uses in vitro and in vivo dilution methods to compare the antifusarial, antiaspergillic and anticryptococcal effects of gentamicin derivatives and structurally-related congeners. RESULTS The in vitro antifusarial activity of gentamicin B1 (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.4 μg/mL) and structurally-related compounds (MIC 0.8-12.5 μg/mL) suggests that the purpuroseamine ring substituents are responsible for the specific antimycotic effect. The functional groups of the garoseamine and 2-deoxystreptamine rings of gentamicin derivatives are identical in gentamicin compounds and are unlikely to exert a significant antifungal effect. Among soil dermatophytes, Microsporum gypseum was more susceptible to gentamicin B1 (MIC 3.1 µg/mL) than Trichophyton gypseum (MIC 25 µg/mL). The in vitro antifungal effect of gentamicin B1 against plant pathogenic fungi was comparable to primary antifungal agents. CONCLUSION Gentamicin is already in medical use. In vitro and preclinical in vivo synergisms of gentamicin B1 with amphotericin B suggest immediate clinical trials starting with subtoxic doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Banfalvi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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37
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Liu SY, Yan AM, Guo WYZ, Fang YY, Dong QJ, Li RR, Ni SN, Sun Y, Yang WC, Yang GF. Human Neutrophil Elastase Activated Fluorescent Probe for Pulmonary Diseases Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Using CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots. ACS Nano 2020; 14:4244-4254. [PMID: 32208668 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for effective noninvasive diagnosis against common pulmonary diseases, which are rising sharply due to the serious air pollution. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE), a typical protease highly involved in pulmonary inflammatory diseases and lung cancer, is a potential predictor for disease progression. Currently, few of the HNE-targeting probes are applicable in vivo due to the limitation in sensitivity and biocompatibility. Herein, we reported the achievement of in vitro detection and in vivo imaging of HNE by incorporating the HNE-specific peptide substrate, quantum dots (QDs), and organic dyes into the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system. The refined nanoprobe, termed QDP, could specifically measure the HNE with excellent sensitivity of 7.15 pM in aqueous solution and successfully image the endogenous and exogenous HNE in living cells. In addition, this nanoprobe enabled HNE imaging in mouse models of lung cancer and acute lung injury, and the HNE activity at high temporal and spatial resolution was continuously monitored. Most importantly, QDP successfully discriminated the serums of patients with lung diseases from those of the healthy controls based on the HNE activity determination. Overall, this study demonstrates the advantages of a FRET-system-based nanoprobe in imaging performance and provides an applicable tool for in vivo HNE detection and pulmonary disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Min Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wu Ying-Zheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fang
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jian Dong
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Nan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 30071, P.R. China
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38
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Wang X, Yang YQ, Liu SH, Hong XY, Sun XF, Shi JH. Comparing different venous thromboembolism risk assessment machine learning models in Chinese patients. J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:26-34. [PMID: 31840330 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a fatal complication and the most common preventable cause of death in hospitals. The risk-to-benefit ratio of thromboprophylaxis depends on the performance of the risk assessment model. A linear model, the Padua model, is recommended for medical inpatients in the United States but is not suitable for Chinese inpatients due to differences in race and disease spectrum. Currently, machine learning (ML) methods show advantages in modeling complex data patterns and have been applied to clinical data analysis. This study aimed to build VTE risk assessment ML models among Chinese inpatients and compare the predictive validity of the ML models with that of the Padua model. METHODS We used 376 patients, including 188 patients with VTE, to build a model and then evaluate the predictive validity of the model in a consecutive clinical dataset from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Nine widely used ML methods were trained on the model derivation set and then compared with the Padua model. RESULTS Among the nine ML methods, random forest (RF), boosting-based methods, and logistic regression achieved a higher specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than the Padua model on both the test and clinical validation sets. However, their sensitivities were inferior to that of the Padua model. Combined with the receiver operating characteristic curve, RF, as the best performing model, maintained high specificity with relatively better sensitivity and captured VTE patients' patterns more precisely. CONCLUSIONS Advances in ML technology provide powerful tools for medical data analysis, and choosing models conforming to the disease pattern would achieve good performance. Popular ML models do not surpass the Padua model on all indicators of validity, and the drawback of low sensitivity should be improved upon in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Yang
- Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Hua Liu
- Department of Respiration, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Hong
- Department of Respiration, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Sun
- Department of Respiration, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ju-Hong Shi
- Department of Respiration, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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39
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Liverani B, Nava S, Polastri M. An integrative review on the positive expiratory pressure (PEP)-bottle therapy for patients with pulmonary diseases. Physiother Res Int 2019; 25:e1823. [PMID: 31762162 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Positive expiratory pressure (PEP)-bottle device delivers a PEP within a range of 10-20 cmH2 O. PEP treatment is applied to different pathological conditions also in combination with other physiotherapeutic techniques. The primary aim of the present review was to investigate the effects of PEP-bottle therapy in patients with pulmonary diseases and, secondarily, to provide a physiological analysis of its use. METHODS The databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cinahl, and Cochrane Library were searched for citations published from their inception until May 2019. Adult participants (>18 years) with pulmonary disease who underwent PEP-bottle treatment, with no restriction on gender, were included in the study. There were no restrictions about the therapeutic settings and the condition of the disease (either acute or chronic). RESULTS The literature review returned 97 citations. After duplicates removal, the remaining 77 articles have been screened: 66 have been assessed as not eligible at first because the abstract did not meet the inclusion criteria. Eleven articles were left after the first two steps of selection: four have been excluded after full-text reading. CONCLUSION PEP-bottle therapy has been proved to improve lung volume, to reduce hyperinflation, and to remove secretions. The device delivers a pressure equal to the water column only if the inner diameter of the tubing and the width of the air escape orifice are equal or greater than 8 mm, and the length of tubing ranges between 20 and 80 cm. The cost of a PEP-bottle device is significantly lower if compared with other commercially available devices having the same therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Liverani
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Nava
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, St Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Polastri
- Department of Continuity of Care and Disability, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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40
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Matsumoto Y, Kinjo T, Motooka D, Nabeya D, Jung N, Uechi K, Horii T, Iida T, Fujita J, Nakamura S. Comprehensive subspecies identification of 175 nontuberculous mycobacteria species based on 7547 genomic profiles. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1043-1053. [PMID: 31287781 PMCID: PMC6691804 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1637702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary diseases has been increasing worldwide. NTM consist of approximately 200 species and distinguishing between them at the subspecies level is critical to treatment. In this study, we sequenced 63 NTM genomes, 27 of which were newly determined, by hybrid assembly using sequencers from Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). This analysis expanded the available genomic data to 175 NTM species and redefined their subgenus classification. We also developed a novel multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) database based on 184 genes from 7547 assemblies and an identification software, mlstverse, which can also be used for detecting other bacteria given a suitable MLST database. This method showed the highest sensitivity and specificity amongst conventional methods and demonstrated the capacity for rapid detection of NTM, 10 min of sequencing of the ONT MinION being sufficient. Application of this methodology could improve disease epidemiology and increase the cure rates of NTM diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumoto
- a Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases , Osaka University , Suita , Japan
| | - Takeshi Kinjo
- b Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine , University of the Ryukyus , Nakagami-gun , Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- a Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases , Osaka University , Suita , Japan.,c Laboratory of Pathogen Detection and Identification, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases , Osaka University , Suita , Japan
| | - Daijiro Nabeya
- b Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine , University of the Ryukyus , Nakagami-gun , Japan
| | - Nicolas Jung
- a Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases , Osaka University , Suita , Japan
| | - Kohei Uechi
- b Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine , University of the Ryukyus , Nakagami-gun , Japan.,d Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion , University of the Ryukyus Hospital , Nakagami-gun , Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- a Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases , Osaka University , Suita , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- a Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases , Osaka University , Suita , Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- b Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine , University of the Ryukyus , Nakagami-gun , Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- a Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases , Osaka University , Suita , Japan.,c Laboratory of Pathogen Detection and Identification, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases , Osaka University , Suita , Japan.,e Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives , Osaka University , Suita , Japan
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41
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Li D, Qi C, Zhou J, Wen Z, Zhu X, Xia H, Song J. LPS-induced inflammation delays the transportation of ASP + due to down-regulation of OCTN1/2 in alveolar epithelial cells. J Drug Target 2019; 28:437-447. [PMID: 31591905 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1678169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCTNs) can significantly affect drug disposition in alveolar epithelial cells (A549), but this process is not well understood. We investigated the expression and function of OCTN1/2 in A549 cells under different inflammatory status to examine pulmonary drug distribution. This experiment used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated A549 cells to mimic inflammation in alveolar epithelial cells, and the expression of OCTN1/2, interleukin-6 (IL6), IL18, IL1β and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was investigated by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The fluorescent compound 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASP+) was chosen as a probe to study the activity of OCTN1/2. OCTN1/2 down-regulation induced by LPS was more pronounced than that in normal control (NC) groups. Experiments further detected the release of inflammatory factors that revealed a negative correlation between OCTN1/2 expression and inflammation secretion in human alveolar epithelial cells exposed to different concentrations of LPS. The Michaelis constant (Km) and apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of ASP+ were also decreased significantly. Our results thus show that LPS-induced inflammation could inhibit the expression and activity of OCTN1/2 in vitro and reduce the distribution of inhaled medicine in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalang Li
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanzong Qi
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zeqiang Wen
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Song
- Institute for Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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42
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Bourgeois D, Inquimbert C, Ottolenghi L, Carrouel F. Periodontal Pathogens as Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cancer, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Is There Cause for Consideration? Microorganisms 2019; 7:E424. [PMID: 31600905 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer are the most common noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). These NCDs share risk factors with periodontal disease (PD), a preventable risk factor linked to lifestyle. The discussion regarding the association between these chronic diseases is more complex. There is still a significant knowledge gap particularly of the causal relationship between PD and NCDs. In this paper, we present fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms and roles of putative periodontal bacteria to gather several hypotheses, evidence that clinical studies thus far have not produced. Although the causal hypotheses are not yet clearly established on a biological basis, prevention and prophylactic measures are recommended to prevent even the possibility of such potential risk factors.
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43
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Shanks J, Xia Z, Lisco SJ, Rozanski GJ, Schultz HD, Zucker IH, Wang HJ. Sympatho-excitatory response to pulmonary chemosensitive spinal afferent activation in anesthetized, vagotomized rats. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13742. [PMID: 29906340 PMCID: PMC6003656 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory innervation of the lung is well known to be innervated by nerve fibers of both vagal and sympathetic origin. Although the vagal afferent innervation of the lung has been well characterized, less is known about physiological effects mediated by spinal sympathetic afferent fibers. We hypothesized that activation of sympathetic spinal afferent nerve fibers of the lung would result in an excitatory pressor reflex, similar to that previously characterized in the heart. In this study, we evaluated changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and hemodynamics in response to activation of TRPV1‐sensitive pulmonary spinal sensory fibers by agonist application to the visceral pleura of the lung and by administration into the primary bronchus in anesthetized, bilaterally vagotomized, adult Sprague‐Dawley rats. Application of bradykinin (BK) to the visceral pleura of the lung produced an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and RSNA. This response was significantly greater when BK was applied to the ventral surface of the left lung compared to the dorsal surface. Conversely, topical application of capsaicin (Cap) onto the visceral pleura of the lung, produced a biphasic reflex change in MAP, coupled with increases in HR and RSNA which was very similar to the hemodynamic response to epicardial application of Cap. This reflex was also evoked in animals with intact pulmonary vagal innervation and when BK was applied to the distal airways of the lung via the left primary bronchus. In order to further confirm the origin of this reflex, epidural application of a selective afferent neurotoxin (resiniferatoxin, RTX) was used to chronically ablate thoracic TRPV1‐expressing afferent soma at the level of T1–T4 dorsal root ganglia pleura. This treatment abolished all sympatho‐excitatory responses to both cardiac and pulmonary application of BK and Cap in vagotomized rats 9–10 weeks post‐RTX. These data suggest the presence of an excitatory pulmonary chemosensitive sympathetic afferent reflex. This finding may have important clinical implications in pulmonary conditions inducing sensory nerve activation such as pulmonary inflammation and inhalation of chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shanks
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Zhiqiu Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Steven J Lisco
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - George J Rozanski
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Harold D Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Han-Jun Wang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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44
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Abstract
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon diagnosis defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinum without an apparent cause. It is a self-limiting disorder that most often occurs in young males without any apparent precipitating factor or underlying disease process. Its pathophysiology involves the rupture of alveoli with resultant air penetration into the mediastinum. Underlying disease processes, such as asthma, physical trauma, including yelling, contact sports, and Valsalva during labor, have also been reported to cause spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Here, we present the case of an 18-year-old male who presented to us with the chief complaint of cough and the subsequent diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chan
- Internal Medicine, Abington Hospital - Jefferson Health, Abington, USA
| | - Ahmad Raza
- Internal Medicine, Abington Hospital - Jefferson Health, Abington, USA
| | - Bilal H Lashari
- Internal Medicine, Abington Hospital - Jefferson Health, Abington, USA
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Abington Hospital - Jefferson Health, Abington, USA
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45
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Noronha N, Ramalho P, Barreira R, Roda J, Silva TR, Félix M. Severe iron-deficiency anemia as initial manifestation of pulmonary hemosiderosis in a child. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2018; 16:eRC4505. [PMID: 30517370 PMCID: PMC6276813 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2018rc4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a potentially fatal disease that results from episodes of alveolar hemorrhage of unknown origin. The clinical spectrum is varied, and anemia may constitute the only manifestation of illness, preceding other signs and symptoms by several months. We present the case of a 4 year-old child presenting with fever, vomiting and prostration, associated with pallor. He had microcytic and hypochromic anemia refractory to iron therapy. Gastrointestinal bleeding was ruled out after negative extensive etiological investigation. Subsequently, pulmonary infiltrates suggestive of alveolar hemorrhage were observed in the chest radiography. The cytological exam of the bronchoalveolar lavage showed hemosiderin-laden macrophages. After the etiological study, the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis was made by exclusion. He was initiated on corticosteroid therapy, later associated to an immunosuppressive agent, with subsequent correction of anemia and of the radiological pattern. The patient is currently asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Noronha
- Serviço de Cardiologia Pediátrica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Serviço de Pediatria Médica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ramalho
- Serviço de Pediatria Médica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital Geral, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rogério Barreira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Roda
- Serviço de Pediatria Médica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Reis Silva
- Serviço de Pediatria Médica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Félix
- Serviço de Pediatria Médica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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46
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Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics present huge potential in the treatment
of pulmonary diseases ranging from lung cancer to asthma and chronic pulmonary
diseases, which are often fatal and widely prevalent. The susceptibility of nucleic
acids to degradation and the complex structure of lungs retard the effective
pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid drug. To overcome these barriers, different
strategies have been exploited to increase the delivery efficiency using chemically
synthesized nucleic acids, vector encapsulation, proper formulation, and
administration route. However, several limitations regarding off-target effects and
immune stimulation of nucleic acid drugs hamper their translation into the clinical
practice. Therefore, their successful clinical application will ultimately rely on
well-developed carriers and methods to ensure safety and efficacy. In this review,
we provide a comprehensive overview of the nucleic acid application for pulmonary
diseases, covering action mechanism of the nucleic acid drugs, the novel delivery
systems, and the current formulation for the administration to lungs. The latest
advances of nucleic acid drugs under clinical evaluation to treat pulmonary
disorders will also be detailed.
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47
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Lacedonia D, Scioscia G, Pia Palladino G, Gallo C, Carpagnano GE, Sabato R, Foschino Barbaro MP. MicroRNA expression profile during different conditions of hypoxia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35114-35122. [PMID: 30416683 PMCID: PMC6205556 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non coding RNAs which play a role in several cellular processes. MiRNA expression is influenced by oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade and hypoxia. Effects of different types of hypoxia (intermittent and chronic) have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate how intermittent and chronic hypoxia influence the expression of a pool of miRNAs. Results Subjects with HI presented higher levels of miR-21, miR-23b, miR-145 and miR-210 compared to the other groups, while higher levels of miR-26 was observed in the HC group. Subjects with HCHI had lower levels of all selected miRNAs. A strong correlation was found between miR-23b and miR-210 and both correlated with PaO2, age and FEV1. MiR-145 is correlated with miR-21 but no correlations were found with other parameters. The level of miR-26a seems to be correlated only with BMI. Materials and Methods We used RT-PCR to detect the miRNAs expression in three different models of hypoxemia: intermittent (HI), chronic (HC) and both of them (HCHI). Expression of miRNAs was analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc analysis, moreover, Spearman correlation and Cluster analysis were applied to study the relationship between miRNAs and main clinical parameters. Conclusions Intermittent hypoxia induces the expression of some miRNAs more than chronic hypoxia. These miRNAs may play an important role in the development of different diseases usually associated with OSA such as cardiovascular disease. In addition, mechanisms involved in cancer progression may be induced in the presence of chronic and more often intermittent hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO. Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO. Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia Pia Palladino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO. Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Crescenzio Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO. Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Sabato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO. Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO. Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
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48
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide, with many individuals with undiagnosed active or latent disease. The presence of parenchymal lung disease, such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), has been suggested to increase the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In the clinical setting of ILD, the diagnosis of an underlying MTB infection may be challenging due to the interstitial process and underlying fibrosis, which may mask the infection. An atypical presentation and misleading radiological patterns may delay the diagnosis of the underlying MTB infection. Herein, we describe a unique case of ILD complicated by active MTB infection in an 84-year-old male, which presented as a diagnostic and clinical challenge. Eventually, due to hypoxia and respiratory failure, the patient expired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wong
- Internal Medicine, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sonu Sahni
- Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Asma Iftikhar
- Pulmonology, New York Presbyterian Hospital Queens, New York, USA
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49
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Burkes RM, Mkorombindo T, Chaddha U, Bhatt A, El-Kersh K, Cavallazzi R, Kubiak N. Impact of Quality Improvement on Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in an Internal Medicine Resident Clinic. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:E88. [PMID: 30044381 PMCID: PMC6165540 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Guideline-discordant care of COPD is not uncommon. Further, there is a push to incorporate quality improvement (QI) training into internal medicine (IM) residency curricula. This study compared quality of care of COPD patients in an IM residents' clinic and a pulmonary fellows' clinic and, subsequently, the results of a quality improvement program in the residents' clinic. Pre-intervention rates of quality measure adherence were compared between the IM teaching clinic (n = 451) and pulmonary fellows' clinic (n = 177). Patient encounters in the residents' teaching clinic after quality improvement intervention (n = 119) were reviewed and compared with pre-intervention data. Prior to intervention, fellows were significantly more likely to offer smoking cessation counseling (p = 0.024) and document spirometry showing airway obstruction (p < 0.001). Smoking cessation counseling, pneumococcal vaccination, and diagnosis of COPD by spirometry were targets for QI. A single-cycle, resident-led QI project was initiated. After, residents numerically improved in the utilization of spirometry (66.5% vs. 74.8%) and smoking cessation counseling (81.8% vs. 86.6%), and significantly improved rates of pneumococcal vaccination (p = 0.024). One cycle of resident-led QI significantly improved the rates of pneumococcal vaccination, with numerical improvement in other areas of COPD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burkes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Takudzwa Mkorombindo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Udit Chaddha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Alok Bhatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Karim El-Kersh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine Offices, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Cavallazzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine Offices, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Nancy Kubiak
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Palliative Care, and Medical Education, 550 S. Jackson Street, General Internal Medicine and Palliative Care Offices, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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50
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Kiaee SZF, Rahimi B. Investigation of dyspnea using cardiopulmonary exercise test among patients resorting to the respiratory tests. Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7556. [PMID: 30344976 PMCID: PMC6176393 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exertional dyspnea is a common complaint among patients which may be the final result of many diseases. Few researches have been conducted concerning the role of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in assessing unexplained dyspnea. Therefore, the aim of this study was a research on unexplained dyspnea using CPET among patients resorting to respiratory test unit of hospitals. This is a cross-sectional study that performed on 100 patients. With the direct supervision of experts, CPET was conducted using ergaspirometery device. The exercise data was interpreted by a pulmonologist and the results were classified into pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, deconditioning, and undetermined groups. 100 patients including 57 men and 43 women with an average age of 42 years and an average BMI of 28 and smoking frequency of 12% took part in this research. The following frequencies were reported for each complication: 24% for pulmonary diseases, 23% for cardiovascular diseases, 23% for deconditioning group, 15% for obesity, and 16% for the undetermined group. No significant difference was observed between these five groups in terms of gender distribution and smoking cigarette (P-value > 0.05). In the age group older than 42 years, more patients were diagnosed with cardiac diseases and obesity. CPET may be really useful in determining the cause of unexplained dyspnea among most patients. Furthermore, the CPET can determine the presence or absence of disease, and if present, the nature of the limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Besharat Rahimi
- Advanced Thoracic Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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