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Guo M, Jin Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Wu Y. Establishment of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Characterization of Avibacterium paragallinarum. Vet Sci 2024; 11:208. [PMID: 38787180 PMCID: PMC11125968 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious coryza is an acute respiratory infection caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, which is widely distributed throughout the world. However, there is no effective molecular typing scheme to obtain basic knowledge about the Av. paragallinarum population structure. This study aimed to develop a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Av. paragallinarum that allows for the worldwide comparison of sequence data. For this purpose, the genetic variability of 59 Av. paragallinarum strains from different geographical origins and serovars was analyzed to identify correlations. The MLST scheme was developed using seven conserved housekeeping genes, which identified eight STs that clustered all of the strains into three evolutionary branches. The analytical evaluation of the clone group relationship between the STs revealed two clone complexes (CC1 and CC2) and three singletons (ST2, ST5, and ST6). Most of the isolates from China belonged to ST1 and ST3 in CC1. ST8 from Peru and ST7 from North America together formed CC2. Our results showed that the Av. paragallinarum strains isolated from China had a distant genetic relationship with CC2, indicating strong regional specificity. The MLST scheme established in this study can monitor the dynamics and genetic differences of Av. paragallinarum transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yikun Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haonan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yantao Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.G.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou 225009, China
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Ghosh A, Ghosh B, Mukherjee M. Epidemiologic and molecular characterization of β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from asymptomatic hospitalized patients. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:27-45. [PMID: 34191193 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPECs) are the predominant cause of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) and symptomatic UTI. In this study, multidrug-resistant (MDR) ABU-UPECs from hospitalized patients of Kolkata, India, were characterized with respect to their ESBL phenotype, acquisition of β-lactamase genes, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), phylotype property, ERIC-PCR profile, sequence types (STs), clonal complexes (CCs) and evolutionary and quantitative relationships and compared to the symptomatic ones to understand their epidemiology and evolutionary origin. Statistically significant incidence of ESBL producers, β-lactamase genes, MGEs and novel phylotype property (NPP) among ABU-UPECs similar to the symptomatic ones indicated the probable incidence of chromosomal plasticity on resistance gene acquisition through MGEs due to indiscriminate drug usage. ERIC-PCR typing and MLST analysis showed clonal heterogeneity and predominance of ST940 (CC448) among asymptomatic isolates akin to symptomatic ones along with the evidence of zoonotic transmissions. Minimum spanning tree analysis showed a close association between ABU-UPEC with known and unidentified STs having NPPs with isolates that belonged to phylogroups clade I, D, and B2. This is the first study that reported the occurrence of MGEs and NPPs among ABU-UPECs with the predominance of ESBL production which displayed the deleterious effect of MDR among this pathogen demanding alternative therapeutic interventions. Moreover, this study for the first time attempted to introduce a new approach to ascertain the phylotype property of unassigned UPECs. Withal, increased recognition, proper understanding and characterization of ABU-UPECs with the implementation of appropriate therapeutic measures against them when necessary are the need of the era which otherwise might lead to serious complications in the vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Mandira Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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Kaczorek-Łukowska E, Sowińska P, Franaszek A, Dziewulska D, Małaczewska J, Stenzel T. Can domestic pigeon be a potential carrier of zoonotic Salmonella? Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2321-2333. [PMID: 33091215 PMCID: PMC8359358 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in pigeons. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) in Poland, its antimicrobial susceptibility (both phenotypic and genotypic), and its capability for biofilm formation. The presence of selected virulence genes, nucleotide homology of selected genes, and susceptibility to bacteriophages were investigated as well. From the 585 pigeons tested, 5.47% turned out positive. All isolated strains were recognized as Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium. The asymptomatic pigeons were carriers of 37.5% of the isolates. The dominant variants were as follows: 1,4,[5],12,:i:1,2 (53.13%) and 1,4,[5],12,:‐:‐ (31.25%). Most of the strains analysed showed the ability to produce biofilm after 24 and 48 hr of incubation (59.38% and 53.13%, respectively). Over 90% of the strains were confirmed for lpfA, agafA, invA, sivH, and avrA virulence genes. Also, of the thirteen antimicrobial susceptibility genes, the following were confirmed: sul1, tet(A), blaTEM‐1, floR, strA, and strB. The most common were the strB (18%) and tet(A) (12%) genes that are responsible for coding resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, respectively. Most of the strains were phenotypically resistant to oxytetracycline (46.88%), neomycin (53.13%) and tylosin (100%). The susceptibility of the investigated Salmonella strains to the bacteriophages was between 33% and 100%. MLST, PCR MP and ERIC PCR analyses indicated a very high genetic similarity of the investigated strains (over 99%). Results of our study indicate that Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium is still an important agent in domestic pigeons and that its antimicrobial resistance increases. Alarming is also the confirmation of a single‐phase variant 1,4,[5],12:i,‐, which could have increased virulence and multi‐drug resistance encoded on the plasmid. Most importantly, however, such strains have been isolated from humans with clinical symptoms of Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Kaczorek-Łukowska
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | | | - Daria Dziewulska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Małaczewska
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stenzel
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Said M, van Hougenhouck-Tulleken W, Naidoo R, Mbelle N, Ismail F. Outbreak of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteraemia in patients undergoing haemodialysis at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:117. [PMID: 32727576 PMCID: PMC7389438 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ralstonia species are Gram-negative bacilli of low virulence. These organisms are capable of causing healthcare associated infections through contaminated solutions. In this study, we aimed to determine the source of Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteraemia in affected patients in a haemodialysis unit. Methods Our laboratory noted an increase in cases of bacteraemia caused by Ralstonia mannitililytica between May and June 2016. All affected patients underwent haemodialysis at the haemodialysis unit of an academic hospital. The reverse osmosis filter of the haemodialysis water system was found to be dysfunctional. We collected water for culture at various points of the dialysis system to determine the source of the organism implicated. ERIC-PCR was used to determine relatedness of patient and environmental isolates. Results Sixteen patients were found to have Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteraemia during the outbreak period. We cultured Ralstonia spp. from water collected in the dialysis system. This isolate and patient isolates were found to have the identical molecular banding pattern. Conclusions All patients were septic and received directed antibiotic therapy. There was 1 mortality. The source of the R. mannitolilytica infection in these patients was most likely the dialysis water as the identical organism was cultured from the dialysis water and the patients. The hospital management intervened and repaired the dialysis water system following which no further cases of R. mannitolilytca infections were detected. A multidisciplinary approach is required to control healthcare associated infections such as these. Routine maintenance of water systems in the hospital is essential to prevent clinical infections with R.mannitolilytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Said
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pathology Buiding, Prinshof Campus, Room 3-22, 5 Bopelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Wesley van Hougenhouck-Tulleken
- Division of Nephrology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Steve Biko Road &, Malan St, Prinshof 349-Jr, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Road &, Malan St, Prinshof 349-Jr, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rashmika Naidoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pathology Buiding, Prinshof Campus, Room 3-22, 5 Bopelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nontombi Mbelle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pathology Buiding, Prinshof Campus, Room 3-22, 5 Bopelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Services, Tshwane Academic Division, 5 Bopelo Road, Riviera, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Farzana Ismail
- National Health Laboratory Services, Tshwane Academic Division, 5 Bopelo Road, Riviera, Pretoria, South Africa.,Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Disease, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Jeong OM, Kang MS, Blackall PJ, Jeon BW, Kim JH, Jeong J, Lee HJ, Kim DW, Kwon YK, Kim JH. Genotypic divergence of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates with different growth requirements for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Avian Pathol 2019; 49:153-160. [PMID: 31709803 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1692128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, for the first time in Asia, we reported the isolation of variants of Avibacterium paragallinarum with atypical NAD dependency. The present study was conducted to characterize the genotypes of 24 isolates of Av. paragallinarum in Korea, including the four variants reported previously. Most of the typical isolates (19/20) showed a unique ERIC-PCR pattern with no ERIC-PCR patterns in common between the typical isolates and the variants. Furthermore, the variants shared no ERIC-PCR patterns among themselves. All the typical NAD-dependent isolates belonged to the same phylogenetic group based on both 16S rRNA and hagA gene sequences. The four variants were placed in several groups distinct from the typical isolates. In the 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis, two of the variants were not closely aligned to any other Av. paragallinarum, isolate although they were clearly members of the genus Avibacterium. The other variants were clustered together with NAD atypical isolates from geographically diverse global locations. Compared with the Modesto reference strain AY498870, all the variants lacked a TTTTT stretch at positions 182-186 in the 16S rRNA gene and the same deletion was shown in most of the reported variants. The typical isolates and variants shared 97.3-98.2% and 95.2-97.2% nucleotide sequence similarity, for 16S rRNA and hagA, respectively. In addition, the similarities among variants were within 98.3-100% and 96.5-98.4% for the two genes, respectively. Our results indicate that the Av. paragallinarum variants with altered NAD growth requirements were genetically different and highly divergent from the typical NAD-dependent isolates.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS NAD variant Korean Av. paragallinarum isolates show genetic diversity, whereas typical Korean Av. paragallinarum isolates do not.The Korean variants were not closely aligned to all other Av. paragallinarum in the 16S rRNA phylogeny.NAD atypical isolates from geographically diverse global locations clustered together.Almost all variants, including all Korean variants of Av. paragallinarum, lack a specific fragment of the 16S rRNA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Mi Jeong
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Kang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Byung-Woo Jeon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jeong
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kuk Kwon
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Feberwee A, Dijkman R, Buter R, Soriano-Vargas E, Morales-Erasto V, Heuvelink A, Fabri T, Bouwstra R, de Wit S. Identification and characterization of Dutch Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates and the implications for diagnostics. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:549-556. [PMID: 31280592 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1641178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the results of diagnostic and molecular typing methods for 18 Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates obtained from outbreaks of infectious coryza in commercial layer flocks in the Netherlands. Isolation, biochemical identification, species-specific PCR tests and classical serotyping were performed. In addition, molecular typing by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) and sequence analysis of the partial HPG2 region of A. paragallinarum were applied and results of both techniques were compared. Moreover, the pathogenicity of an isolate of the most common genotype detected in the Netherlands was determined in an animal experiment. All 18 Avibacterium isolates were nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent. All isolates were detected by the species-specific conventional PCR while 33% of the isolates were missed by the species-specific real-time PCR. Sequence analysis showed a probe mismatch as a result of a single nucleotide polymorphism (G1516A). Modification of the probe of the real-time PCR was necessary to overcome false negative results. Molecular typing showed that sequence analysis of the partial HPG2 region was in concordance with ERIC-PCR results and indicated the presence of two major genotypes. Serotyping showed the presence of serovars A-1, A-2 and B-1. There was no correlation between genotyping results and serotyping results. Inoculation of an isolate of the most prevalent genotype, and belonging to serovar A-1, into brown layer hens demonstrated the pathogenicity of this isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edgardo Soriano-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México , Toluca , México
| | - Vladimir Morales-Erasto
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México , Toluca , México
| | | | - Teun Fabri
- GD Animal Health , Deventer , Netherlands
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