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Manders TTM, Matthijs MGR, Veraa S, van Eck JHH, Landman WJM. Success rates of inoculation of the various compartments of embryonated chicken eggs at different incubation days. Avian Pathol 2020; 50:61-77. [PMID: 33034512 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1834503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs has been widely used during the past decades; however, inoculation success rates have not been investigated systematically. In this study named success rates were assessed in brown eggs incubated between 5 and 19 days, which were inoculated with 0.2 ml methylene blue per egg. Inoculations were performed in a simple and fully standardized way. Five embryonic compartments were targeted blindly (amniotic cavity, embryo, allantoic cavity, albumen and yolk) with needles of four different lengths; albumen and yolk were targeted with eggs in upside down position. Three compartments were inoculated within sight (air chamber, chorioallantoic membrane and blood vessel). Twenty embryos were used per incubation day, intended deposition site and needle length. Success rates were assessed by visual inspection after breaking the eggs. The inoculations targeting albumen, yolk, amniotic cavity and embryo yielded low scores. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to elucidate the reason(s) for these low success rates: needles used were of appropriate length, but embryo and amniotic cavity had variable positions in the eggs, while albumen and yolk rapidly changed position after turning the eggs upside down. The latter led to adjustment of the inoculation method for albumen and yolk. Failures to inoculate compartments within sight were immediately visible; therefore, these eggs could be discarded. Except for the amniotic cavity, full scores (20/20) were obtained for all compartments although not always on every day of incubation. In conclusion, the present study may serve as a guide to more accurately inoculate the various chicken embryo compartments. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Blind inoculation of embryonated egg compartments was successful, except for the amniotic cavity. MRI showed rapid position change of albumen and yolk after turning eggs upside down. In ovo vaccination against Marek's disease might be improved by using 38 mm needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T M Manders
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M G R Matthijs
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S Veraa
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J H H van Eck
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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2
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Niu X, Zhang B, Yu X, Zhang X, Dou Y, Tang Y, Diao Y. Preparation and evaluation of goose reovirus inactivated vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:214. [PMID: 28683792 PMCID: PMC5501479 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with Goose Reovirus (GRV) can cause serious economic losses in the goose breeding industry. In this study, the GRV allantoic fluid was concentrated and used as an antigen in a formalin-inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine. Results When 6 day-old geese were inoculated, antibodies against GRV became detectable at 6 days post-vaccination, their concentration peaked at 3 weeks. These antibodies were maintained for longer than 2 weeks. As the most susceptible age for GRV infection is birds under 2 weeks of age this vaccine should provide adequate cover for the most at risk birds. When geese were exposed to reovirus at different time intervals after immunization, the data revealed that the vaccine can provide a protection rate of 80%. The developed vaccine has good stability and could be stored at 4 °C for at least 12 months. Conclusion These results indicate that the developed GRV vaccine is safe, effectively absorbed, efficacious in inducing a rapid immune response, and effective in controlling GRV infection. Our results should be useful for the application of vaccines for controlling GRV in different goose flocks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1134-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Bingqian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xianglong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yanguo Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road 61, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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3
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El-Houadfi M, Jones RC, Cook JK, Ambali AG. The isolation and characterisation of six avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in Morocco. Avian Pathol 2008; 15:93-105. [PMID: 18766508 DOI: 10.1080/03079458608436269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The first isolation and characterisation of infectious bronchitis (IB) viruses from poultry flocks in Morocco are reported. Five isolates designated D, E, F, H and M were related serologically to the Massachusetts serotype, while the sixth, isolate G, was found to be different from any previously reported serotype of IB virus. Neutralising antibodies to isolate G have been detected in sera collected from commercial flocks in Britain, although the virus has not been isolated. While all six isolates caused respiratory disease typical of IB in experimentally infected 3-week-old specified pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, isolate G was unusual in that it could be isolated from several parts of the alimentary tract for up to 21 days post inoculation, and from the duodenum up to 28 days. H120 vaccines protected chicks challenged with isolates E and F but not isolate G.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Houadfi
- Department de Pathologie Aviaire, Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire, Rabat-Agdal, Morocco
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4
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Kibenge FS, Gwaze GE, Jones RC, Chapman AF, Savage CE. Experimental reovirus infection in chickens: observations on early viraemia and virus distribution in bone marrow, liver and enteric tissues. Avian Pathol 2008; 14:87-98. [PMID: 18766901 DOI: 10.1080/03079458508436210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The nature of viraemia and tissue distribution of reovirus were studied in the early phase after oral infection of 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chicks with the R2 strain of avian reovirus. A range of tissues collected up to 3 weeks after infection was titrated for their viral content. Virus was present in the plasma, erythrocyte and mononuclear fractions of the blood within 30 hours post-inoculation (p.i.) and was widely distributed in tissues, including the bone marrow by 3 to 5 days p.i. A greater part of the viraemia was associated with plasma, virus in the blood mononuclear fraction being detected only occasionally. There was more infectious virus in the duodenum than the liver and the highest virus titres were found in cloacal swabs taken 1 to 5 days p.i. It was also evident that virus reached the liver within a very short time after infection (<6 hours p.i.) although the source of this early hepatic virus was considered to be residual inoculum absorbed directly into the portal blood. Viraemic virus titres could not be correlated either with duodenal or hepatic virus titre alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Kibenge
- Sub-Department of Avian Medicine, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, England
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5
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Abstract
The effect of breed of chicken on infection with an arthrotropic avian reovirus strain R2 was studied by oral or footpad inoculation of 1-day-old chicks of the following breeds: (1) specific pathogen-free (SPF) light-hybrid, (2) commercial White Leghorn egg-layer, and (3) commercial Ross I broiler, and observed to 12 weeks of age. Although most inoculated birds of all three breeds developed swelling of one or both legs below the hock joint at 3 to 4 weeks of age, gross lesions of tenosynovitis became progressively more severe and extended above the joints only in broilers, whereas in most orally-infected SPF and commercial light chickens gross lesions were intermittently severe and regressed with time. Cloacal virus shedding continued up to 2 weeks in the lighter breeds and 3 weeks after infection in broilers. From a small proportion of infected chickens, reovirus was also reisolated from heart, pancreas and caecal tonsils. In all breeds, the tissue in which virus persisted longest was the hock joint/tendon. There was a poor correlation between isolation of virus and the presence of gross lesions in chickens of 12 weeks of age, especially in broilers. Virus-neutralisation tests demonstrated that seroconversion in the lighter breeds occurred predominantly at 3 weeks and in broilers at 4 weeks after infection. In all three breeds the footpad infection gave significantly lower growth rates than were found in the control and oral-infection groups. Oral infection had no apparent effect on growth rates. The greater susceptibility of broilers to reovirus infection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Jones
- Sub-Department of Avian Medicine, University of Liverpool Veterinary, Neston, South Wirral, England
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6
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Jones RC, Georgiou K. Reovirus-induced tenosynovitis in chickens the influence of age at infection. Avian Pathol 2008; 13:441-57. [PMID: 18766859 DOI: 10.1080/03079458408418546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) light hybrid chickens were infected with an arthrotropic reovirus at 1 day old, or at 2, 4, 6 or 9 weeks of age. In each group, approximately 20 were infected orally and 6 via the footpad. For each age group clinical signs of tenosynovitis, gross and microscopic lesions in the legs, virus excretion in the faeces, virus persistence in the joints, and precipitin response to reovirus were observed over a period of 9 weeks post infection (p.i.). For both routes of infection an age-limited susceptibility was shown, the most serious effects, both in numbers of affected birds and severity of gross lesions including tendon rupture, being seen in the youngest group. Gross lesions were rarely seen after oral infection of 6- and 9-week-old chickens. Footpad inoculation of virus had a more severe effect overall, and extended the age susceptibility, mild leg swellings being seen in some birds infected at 6 and 9 weeks of age. After oral infection, higher virus titres in the faeces and a more prolonged persistence in the gut and hock joint were recorded in chicks infected at 1 day old compared with the other age groups. Also, compared with the older groups, a delayed precipitin response was found in those infected at 1 day old. Footpad inoculation provoked earlier virus replication in the gut and a more rapid precipitin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Jones
- Sub-Department of Avian Medicine, University of Liverpool, Neston, Wirral, England
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7
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Mills JN, Wilcox GE. Replication of four antigenic types of avian reovirus in subpopulations of chicken leukocytes. Avian Pathol 2008; 22:353-61. [PMID: 18671023 DOI: 10.1080/03079459308418926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The replication of four antigenic types of avian reovirus in various subpopulations of avian leukocytes was investigated. Virus replication was detected in infected cells by immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody against a virion protein and by electron microscopy. All four types of reovirus replicated in cultured, adherent mononuclear cells of both bone marrow and peripheral blood origin causing lysis and fusion of the infected cells. Some evidence of strain variation in the capacity of avian reoviruses to replicate in these cells was detected. Avian reovirus did not replicate in heterophils or thrombocytes of peripheral blood origin or in bursa or thymus-derived lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Mills
- School of Veterinary Studies, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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8
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Kim J, Kim M, Song J, Mo I. Epidemiological Studies of Avian Reovirus Infection in Broilers in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.5536/kjps.2008.35.1.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Engström B. Blue wing disease of chickens: Isolation of avian reovirus and chicken anaemia agent. Avian Pathol 2008; 17:23-32. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458808436425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.E. Engström
- a The National Veterinary Institute , Box 7073, Uppsala, S‐750 07, Sweden
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10
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AlAfaleq A, Bradbury JM, Jones R, Metwali A. Mixed infection of turkeys withMycoplasma synoviaeand reovirus: Field and experimental observations. Avian Pathol 2007; 18:441-53. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458908418617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. AlAfaleq
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology , University of Liverpool , Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, L64 7TE, England
| | - Janet M. Bradbury
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology , University of Liverpool , Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, L64 7TE, England
| | - R.C. Jones
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology , University of Liverpool , Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, L64 7TE, England
| | - A.M. Metwali
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology , University of Liverpool , Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, L64 7TE, England
- b Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Cairo University , Giza, Arab Republic of Egypt
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11
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Grande A, Benavente J. Optimal conditions for the growth, purification and storage of the avian reovirus S1133. J Virol Methods 2000; 85:43-54. [PMID: 10716337 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of their importance as avian pathogens causing important losses in poultry farming, the biochemistry of avian reoviruses has been little investigated. In order to facilitate the handling of these agents in the laboratory, a study was carried out to establish the best conditions both for growing the avian reovirus S1133 in primary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts and for purification and storage of viral suspensions. The results indicate that the conditions used currently for the manipulation of mammalian reoviruses are not always the best for handling their avian counterparts. In particular, avian reoviruses are much less stable than mammalian reoviruses, and specific conditions for the purification and storage of avian reoviruses therefore should be used. Furthermore, the instability of avian reovirions may have important implications for the life cycle and pathogenesis of the virus within the animal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grande
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Simoni IC, Fernandes MJB, Custódio RM, Madeira AMBN, Arns CW. Susceptibility of cell lines to avian viruses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37141999000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of the five cell lines - IB-RS-2, RK-13, Vero, BHK-21, CER - to reovirus S1133 and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV vaccine GBV-8 strain) was studied to better define satisfactory and sensitive cell culture systems. Cultures were compared for presence of CPE, virus titers and detection of viral RNA. CPE and viral RNA were detected in CER and BHK-21 cells after reovirus inoculation and in RK-13 cell line after IBDV inoculation and with high virus titers. Virus replication by production of low virus titers occurred in IB-RS-2 and Vero cells with reovirus and in BHK-21 cell line with IBDV.
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13
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Pertile TL, Karaca K, Walser MM, Sharma JM. Suppressor macrophages mediate depressed lymphoproliferation in chickens infected with avian reovirus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 53:129-45. [PMID: 8941975 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(96)05555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A previous study indicated that spleens from reovirus-infected chickens contained macrophages that were primed to produce nitric oxide (NO). The presence of these primed macrophages correlated with depressed in vitro T cell mitogenesis. The current studies indicated that splenic adherent macrophages from virus-exposed chickens inhibited concanavalin A (ConA) induced proliferation of normal spleen cells. ConA-stimulated spleen cells from uninfected chickens, but not virus-exposed chickens, produced large quantities of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a factor that induced NO production. This factor was tentatively named NO inducing factor (NOIF). The removal of macrophages from the spleens of virus-exposed chickens by plastic adherence resulted in partial recovery of ConA-induced proliferation and the production of normal levels of IL-2 and increased levels of NOIF, although these remained below normal. However, nonadherent spleen cells produced substantial quantities of NO, which indicated an incomplete removal of macrophages. Because removal by plastic adherence did not result in the depletion of all macrophages, spleen cells were panned with anti-CD3 antibody to obtain an almost pure population of T cells. Fractionated T cells from virus-exposed chickens proliferated vigorously to ConA and produced normal levels of IL-2 and NOIF. When splenic adherent cells from virus-exposed chickens were added to purified T cells, the T cells failed to respond to ConA. Addition of splenic adherent cells from virus-free chickens did not induce mitogenic inhibition. Further, the addition of purified T cells from the spleens of reovirus-infected chickens to T cells from virus-free birds did not adversely affect T cell mitogenesis. These data indicated that reovirus infection in chickens does not compromise the functional capabilities of T cells but induces suppressor macrophages that inhibit T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Pertile
- Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul 55108, USA
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14
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Varley J, Jones RC, Bradbury JM, Jordan FT. A survey of the viral flora of two commercial Pekin duck flocks. Avian Pathol 1993; 22:703-14. [PMID: 18671055 DOI: 10.1080/03079459308418958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ducklings on a problem farm which showed persistent and unacceptably high mortality yielded a larger range and greater number of viruses than did ducklings from a second flock, in which mortality was of a power and acceptable level. Reoviruses were the viruses most frequently isolated from young birds from both farms, but for longer at the problem site. ELAs (Embryo Lethal Agents), named since they caused high mortality in chick embryos, but could not otherwise be characterized, were recovered frequently and throughout the growth cycle of the problem flock, but not at all in the other flock. Lentogenic Newcastle disease virus was detected at all ages on the problem farm but less often than ELAs. The faeces of birds on the problem farm yielded rota-like viruses, corona-like viruses and adeno-like viruses, and on the farm with normal mortality, Egg Drop Syndrome-76 virus and adenovirus. Detection techniques included culture on chick embryos and chick embryo liver cells, and electron microscopy (EM). Inoculation of whole eggs was particularly valuable and more successful than cell culture for virus recovery. EM was most useful for direct examination of faecal preparations and confirmation of the viral type.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, England
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15
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Drastini Y, Kibenge FS, McKenna PK, Lopez A. Comparison of eight different procedures for harvesting avian reoviruses grown in Vero cells. J Virol Methods 1992; 39:269-78. [PMID: 1430071 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90100-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
14 avian reovirus isolates adapted to replicate in an African green monkey (Vero) cell line were studied for the nature of their replication. The growth curves of 5 viruses showed them to be highly cell-associated in Vero cells. Different procedures were examined for releasing the cell-associated virus following propagation in Vero cells, including several freeze-thaw cycles, treatment with sterile distilled deionized water (ddH2O), freon extraction, and trypsin treatment. Treatment of virus infected cultures with ddH2O was the most effective, and trypsin treatment was the least effective procedure for dissociation of virus from cells. Treatment of virus infected cultures with ddH2O is a simple and effective procedure which can be used where large amounts of virus are required for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Drastini
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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16
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Mallo M, Martínez-Costas J, Benavente J. Avian reovirus S1133 can replicate in mouse L cells: effect of pH and cell attachment status on viral infection. J Virol 1991; 65:5499-505. [PMID: 1895398 PMCID: PMC249045 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.65.10.5499-5505.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that avian reovirus S1133 fails to replicate in mouse L cells. In this article, we report that replication does occur under certain culture conditions. The avian reovirus was found to grow in mouse L cells at pH 6.4 and 7.2 but not at pH 8.2. Culture medium with a basic pH directly inhibited viral transcription and genome replication. As a result, viral protein synthesis was also affected. At permissive pH levels, avian reovirus grew better in monolayers than in suspension cultures of L cells because of the influence of cell attachment status on viral macromolecular synthesis. Our results not only show that avian reovirus can replicate in mouse L cells but also help to explain why it did not in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mallo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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17
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Al Afaleq AI, Jones RC. A trypsin‐sensitive avian reovirus: Isolation and experimental infection of poults and chicks. Avian Pathol 1991; 20:5-16. [DOI: 10.1080/03079459108418736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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JONES R, AL AFALEQ A. Different sensitivities of Vero cells from two sources to avian reoviruses. Res Vet Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Nwajei B, Al Afaleq A, Jones R. Comparison of chick embryo liver and vero cell cultures for the isolation and growth of avian reoviruses. Avian Pathol 1988; 17:759-66. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458808436499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Hughes CS, Jones R. Comparison of cultural methods for primary isolation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus from field material. Avian Pathol 1988; 17:295-303. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458808436448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Kibenge FSB, Jones RC, Savage CE. Effects of experimental immunosuppression on reovirus‐induced tenosynovitis in light‐hybrid chickens. Avian Pathol 1987; 16:73-92. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458708436354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Kibenge FS, Dhillon AS. Rapid passage of avian reovirus in one-day-old chicks: clinical and virological findings. Avian Pathol 1987; 16:213-25. [PMID: 18766609 DOI: 10.1080/03079458708436370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two avian reoviruses, strain Reo-25 and isolate W3-492 were inoculated orally in 1-day-old chicks. Three to seven days post inoculation (dpi), the liver, spleen, pancreas, caecal tonsil and duodenum were collected, weighed and titrated in cell culture for their viral content. The different tissue homogenates collected were passaged several times in 1-day-old chicks. Reo-25 virus was passaged only at 3-day intervals and W3-492 virus was passaged at 3- and 7- or 14-day intervals. For both Reo-25 and W3-492 viruses, pathological effects and virus yields in tissues decreased with continued passages. In direct comparisons of reovirus W3-492 prior to chicken passage (PO) and after four passages at 7-day intervals (P4) using standardised amounts of virus for inoculation of chickens, no major differences in pathological effects were observed. P4 virus could be recovered from duodenal tissue at 28 dpi and from liver tissue at 14 dpi. In contrast, PO virus could be recovered from duodenal tissue at 14 dpi and from liver tissue at 10 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Kibenge
- Poultry Disease Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Western Washington Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington 98371-4998, USA
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23
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Timms L, Wijeratne W, Hebert C. Comparative efficiency of clinical and post-mortem examination for detection of tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler breeding. Prev Vet Med 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-5877(86)90009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Jones R, Nwajei B. Reovirus-induced tenosynovitis: persistence of homologous Reovirus-induced tenosynovitis: persistence of homologous challenge virus in broiler chicks after vaccination of parents. Res Vet Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Jones R, El‐Taher A. Reisolation of avian arthrotropic reovirus r2 from chicks infected as embryos. Avian Pathol 1985; 14:377-82. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458508436239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Wilcox G, Robertson M, Lines A. Adaptation and characteristics of replication of a strain of avian reovirus in vero cells. Avian Pathol 1985; 14:321-8. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458508436234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Timms L. Influence of a 12·5 per cent rapeseed diet and an avian reovirus on the production of leg abnormalities in male broiler chickens. Res Vet Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jones RC, Georgiou K. The temporal distribution of an arthrotropic reovirus in the leg of the chicken after oral infection. Avian Pathol 1985; 14:75-85. [PMID: 18766900 DOI: 10.1080/03079458508436209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) light hybrid chicks were infected orally with an arthrotropic reovirus strain R2. At 2, 5, 8 and 10 weeks post infection (p.i.) birds were killed and tissues were taken from 7 sites in the leg for virus isolation and titration. Over the 10-week period the highest number of isolations was made from the hypo-tarsal sesamoid bone (89.7% of such specimens), followed in turn by digital flexor tendons (66.7%), articular cartilage at the hock (64.1%), gastrocnemius tendon (61.5%), head of the femur (56.4%), joint swab (30.8%) and synovial membrane at the hock (20.5%). Swabbing of the hock joint, although technically the simplest sampling method, was one of the least successful for virus recovery. Virus isolations from the articular cartilage at the hock gradually increased during the 10 weeks p.i. but decreased in the other tissues. Best correlations between the presence of gross tendon lesions and virus isolation were at 5 and 8 weeks p.i. With one exception, virus could always be recovered from specimens of hock articular cartilage which had gross lesions. For diagnostic purposes it is recommended that specimens from several birds in an infected flock, both with and without gross lesions, should be examined for virus, and the hypotarsal sesamoid bone and hock cartilage would be the tissues of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Jones
- Sub-Department of Avian Medicine, University of Liverpool, Neston, Wirral, England
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Mukiibi-Muka G, Jones R, KiBenge F. Serological response and virus shedding of chickens inoculated with reovirus via different routes. Res Vet Sci 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jones R, Guneratne J. The pathogenicity of some avian reoviruses with particular reference to tenosynovitis. Avian Pathol 1984; 13:173-89. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458408418522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jones R, Georgiou K. Experimental infection of chickens with adenoviruses isolated from tenosynovitis. Avian Pathol 1984; 13:13-23. [DOI: 10.1080/03079458408418504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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