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Gao L, Li X, Yan X, Zhang X. Ethylenediamine Salt Enhances the Solubility and Dissolution of Flurbiprofen. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300262. [PMID: 38214691 PMCID: PMC11164022 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Drugs that are poorly soluble in water are difficult to absorb orally, resulting in low bioavailability. Flurbiprofen (FLU) is an arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug belonging to BCS class II, with low water solubility. In this study, a novel flurbiprofen-ethylenediamine salt (FLU-EDA) was successfully prepared via solvent crystallization. Its crystal structure was determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD). Further, the physicochemical properties of FLU-EDA salt were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of FLU-EDA salt in water were investigated. The results showed that compared with FLU, the solubility and IDR of FLU-EDA salt increased by 57-fold and 32-fold, respectively. This indicates that FLU-EDA salt can significantly enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of flurbiprofen in water. This study provides basic data and theory for the development of new formulations of flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuzhou University543000WuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuzhou University543000WuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuzhou University543000WuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xianrui Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringWuzhou University543000WuzhouP. R. China
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Khizar N, Abbas N, Ahmed M, Ahmad M, Mustafa Z, Jehangir M, Mohammed Al-Ahmary K, Hussain A, Bukhari NI, Ali I. Amelioration of tableting properties and dissolution rate of naproxen co-grinded with nicotinamide: preparation and characterization of co-grinded mixture. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38771120 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2358356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE Reducing the dimensions, when other additives are present, shows potential as a method to improve the dissolution and solubility of biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs that have poor solubility. In this investigation, the process involved grinding naproxen with nicotinamide with the aim of improving solubility and the rate of dissolution. METHODS Naproxen was subjected to co-milling with urea, dimethylurea, and nicotinamide using a planetary ball mill for a duration of 90 min, maintaining a 1:1 molar ratio for the excipients (screening studies). The co-milled combinations, naproxen in its pure milled form, and a physical mixture were subjected to analysis using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solubility assessment. The mixture displaying the highest solubility (naproxen-nicotinamide) was chosen for further investigation, involving testing for intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) after co-milling for both 90 and 480 min. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The co-milled combination, denoted as S-3b and consisting of the most substantial ratio of nicotinamide to naproxen at 1:3, subjected to 480 min of milling, exhibited a remarkable 45-fold increase in solubility and a 9-fold increase in IDR. XRPD analysis of the co-milled samples demonstrated no amorphization, while SEM images portrayed the aggregates of naproxen with nicotinamide. FTIR outcomes negate the presence of any chemical interactions between the components. The co-milled sample exhibiting the highest solubility and IDR was used to create a tablet, which was then subjected to comprehensive evaluation for standard attributes. The results revealed improved compressibility and dissolution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Khizar
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Mustafa
- Department of Physics, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jehangir
- Department of Chemistry, FC College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Amjad Hussain
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait
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3
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Fandaruff C, Quirós-Fallas MI, Vega-Baudrit JR, Navarro-Hoyos M, Lamas DG, Araya-Sibaja AM. Saquinavir-Piperine Eutectic Mixture: Preparation, Characterization, and Dissolution Profile. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2446. [PMID: 37896206 PMCID: PMC10609941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dissolution rate of the anti-HIV drug saquinavir base (SQV), a poorly water-soluble and extremely low absolute bioavailability drug, was improved through a eutectic mixture formation approach. A screening based on a liquid-assisted grinding technique was performed using a 1:1 molar ratio of the drug and the coformers sodium saccharinate, theobromine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vanillin, vanillic acid, and piperine (PIP), followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Given that SQV-PIP was the only resulting eutectic system from the screening, both the binary phase and the Tammann diagrams were adapted to this system using DSC data of mixtures prepared from 0.1 to 1.0 molar ratios in order to determine the exact eutectic composition. The SQV-PIP system formed a eutectic at a composition of 0.6 and 0.40, respectively. Then, a solid-state characterization through DSC, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), including small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements to explore the small-angle region in detail, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a powder dissolution test were performed. The conventional PXRD analyses suggested that the eutectic mixture did not exhibit structural changes; however, the small-angle region explored through the SAXS instrument revealed a change in the crystal structure of one of their components. FT-IR spectra showed no molecular interaction in the solid state. Finally, the dissolution profile of SQV in the eutectic mixture was different from the dissolution of pure SQV. After 45 min, approximately 55% of the drug in the eutectic mixture was dissolved, while, for pure SQV, 42% dissolved within this time. Hence, this study concludes that the dissolution rate of SQV can be effectively improved through the approach of using PIP as a coformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Fandaruff
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), UNSAM-CONICET, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Cristalografía Aplicada, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, San Martín 1650, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - María Isabel Quirós-Fallas
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (M.I.Q.-F.); (J.R.V.-B.)
- Laboratorio Biodess, Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica;
| | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (M.I.Q.-F.); (J.R.V.-B.)
| | - Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
- Laboratorio Biodess, Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica;
| | - Diego German Lamas
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), UNSAM-CONICET, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Cristalografía Aplicada, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, San Martín 1650, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Andrea Mariela Araya-Sibaja
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (M.I.Q.-F.); (J.R.V.-B.)
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Ding F, Cao W, Wang R, Wang N, Li A, Wei Y, Qian S, Zhang J, Gao Y, Pang Z. Mechanistic Study on Transformation of Coamorphous Baicalein-Nicotinamide to Its Cocrystal Form. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:513-524. [PMID: 36150469 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, coamorphization and cocrystal technologies are of particular interest in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to improve the solubility/dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, while the coamorphous system often tends to convert into the stable crystalline form usually crystalline physical mixture of each component during formulation preparation or storage. In this paper, BCS II drug baicalein (BAI) along with nicotinamide (NIC) were prepared into a single homogeneous coamorphous system with a single transition temperature at 42.5 °C. Interestingly, instead of the physical mixture of crystalline BAI and NIC, coamorphous BAI-NIC would transform to its cocrystal form under stress of temperature and humidity. The transformation rate under isothermal condition was temperature-dependent, since the crystallinity of the cocrystal enhanced as the temperature increased. Further mechanic studies showed the activation energy for the transformation under non-isothermal condition was calculated to be 184.52 kJ/mol. Additionally, water vapor sorption tests with further solid characterizations indicated the transformation was faster under higher humidity condition due to the faster nucleation process of cocrystal BAI-NIC. This research not only discovered the mechanism of transformation from coamorphous BAI-NIC to cocrystal form, but also provided an unusual method for cocrystal preparation from its coamorphous form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Hailing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210049, PR China
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Runze Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ningning Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Anran Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Munir MU, Ikraam M, Nadeem M, Khalid SH, Asghar S, Khalid I, Irfan M, Islam N, Ajaz N, Khan IU. Fabrication, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Non-Ordered Mesoporous Silica-Based Ternary Solid Dispersions for Enhanced Solubility of Flurbiprofen. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070856. [PMID: 35890153 PMCID: PMC9324605 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the solubility and prevent the ulcerogenic effect of flurbiprofen. Initially, binary and ternary solid dispersions (BSDs and TSDs) of flurbiprofen were prepared by using non-ordered mesoporous silica and gelucire. After preformulation testing (solubility, flow properties, % yield, and entrapment efficiency), four formulations were selected for further detailed studies. Solid-state characterization of optimized formulations (S1, S6, S7, and S12) showed successful drug incorporation in the solid dispersion at the molecular state without any noticeable interactions. The in vitro solubility and release study showed an increase in solubility and 98–100% of drug release in 30–45 min. The in vivo gastro-protective effect of the optimized formulations containing flurbiprofen and silica (1:1) with 25% w/w gelucire (S6 and S12) showed a reduction in the gastric lesion index (GLI) after four days of treatment. Moreover, histological images of the stomach lining (S6 and S12) illustrated normal epithelial cells and a partially protected mucosal membrane. Thus, TSD exhibited a significant increase in solubility and the dissolution rate and reduced the gastric ulceration. Therefore, TSDs are dubbed as efficacious carriers to enhance the bioavailability of flurbiprofen while simultaneously reducing its side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University Sakaka, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahnoor Ikraam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (S.H.K.); (I.K.); (M.I.); (N.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China;
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (S.H.K.); (I.K.); (M.I.); (N.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (S.H.K.); (I.K.); (M.I.); (N.I.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (I.U.K.)
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (S.H.K.); (I.K.); (M.I.); (N.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (S.H.K.); (I.K.); (M.I.); (N.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Nayyer Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (S.H.K.); (I.K.); (M.I.); (N.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Nyla Ajaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (S.H.K.); (I.K.); (M.I.); (N.I.); (N.A.)
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.I.); (S.H.K.); (I.K.); (M.I.); (N.I.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (I.U.K.)
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Oktay AN, Ilbasmis-Tamer S, Uludag O, Celebi N. Enhanced Dermal Delivery of Flurbiprofen Nanosuspension Based Gel: Development and Ex Vivo Permeation, Pharmacokinetic Evaluations. Pharm Res 2021; 38:991-1009. [PMID: 34086139 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to optimize the Flurbiprofen (FB) nanosuspension (NS) based gel and to investigate the in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, the plasma concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetic parameters. METHODS FB-NSs were developed using the wet milling process with the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. The optimum FB-NS was characterized on the basis of SEM, DSC, XRPD, solubility and permeation studies. The dermal gel was prepared by incorporating FB-NS into HPMC gel. Then the in-vitro release, ex vivo permeation studies were performed, and pharmacokinetic studies were evaluated on rats. RESULTS The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential values of optimum NS were determined as 237.7 ± 6.8 nm, 0.133 ± 0.030 and - 30.4 ± 0.7 mV, respectively. By means of the surfactant content and nanosized particles of the nanosuspension, the solubility of FB was increased about 7-fold. The percentage permeated amount of FB from FB-NS gel (8.40%) was also found to be higher than the physical mixture (5.25%) and coarse suspension (reference) (2.08%) gels. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that the Cmax of FB-NS gel was 2.5 times higher than the reference gel, while AUC0-24 was 2.96 times higher. CONCLUSION FB-NSs were successfully prepared with a wet milling method and optimized with the DoE approach. The optimized FB nanosuspension gel provided better permeation and pharmacokinetic performance compared to FB coarse suspension gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Oktay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Health Sciences- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ilbasmis-Tamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Uludag
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Celebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Başkent University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kim SJ, Lee JC, Ko JY, Lee SH, Kim NA, Jeong SH. 3D-printed tablets using a single-step hot-melt pneumatic process for poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2021; 595:120257. [PMID: 33486029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Main purpose was to evaluate the applicability of a 3D-printer equipped with a hot-melt pneumatic dispenser as a single-step process to prepare tablet dosage forms. Dutasteride, a poorly water-soluble drug, was selected as a model drug. Soluplus®, Kollidon® VA 64, Eudragit® E PO, and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) were premixed as bulking agents prior to printing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were utilized to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the 3D-printed tablets. Moreover, different geometries were designed to correlate the surface area/volume (SA/V) of the tablets with respect to their release profiles. As a result, printed dutasteride was confirmed to be in an amorphous state and not recrystallized even after the accelerated storage stability. Out of the four bulking agents, Kollidon® VA 64, enhanced the dissolution of the printed dutasteride, reaching above 80% within 15 min. These results suggest that the hot-melt pneumatic dispenser was efficient in converting the solid state into an amorphous state, which significantly enhanced the dissolution. On the other hand, the tube-shaped 3D-printed tablet exhibited the fastest drug dissolution profile, which had the highest SA/V ratio in comparison to the cube, hemisphere, and pyramid shapes. These results confirm the dependency of the drug dissolution rate not only on its crystallinity but also on the surface area of the 3D-printed tablet. Therefore, a 3D-printer equipped with a hot-melt pneumatic dispenser possesses useful applicability in enhancing drug dissolution, especially for poorly water-soluble drugs, in a single-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Young Ko
- Chong Kun Dang Research Institute (Hyojong), Gyeonggi 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon Ho Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Formulation and optimization of gefitinib-loaded nanosuspension prepared using a newly developed dendritic lipopeptide oligomer material. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bazzo GC, Pezzini BR, Stulzer HK. Eutectic mixtures as an approach to enhance solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119741. [PMID: 32783978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eutectic mixtures have been known for a long time in the pharmaceutical field. However, its potential as a system to improve the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs remains little explored. Studies involving the microstructural characterization and the preparation of solid dosage forms containing eutectic mixtures are also an issue to be developed. Recently, the number of studies involving the preparation of eutectic mixtures to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs has increased considerably, including drug-carrier and drug-drug mixtures. In this review is discussed the potential of eutectic mixtures as an alternative pharmaceutical solid system to enhance drugs solubility, dissolution rate or oral bioavailability. Different aspects like history, physico-chemical, microstructural properties, preparation methods, mechanisms involved in solubility/dissolution enhancement, techniques for solid state characterization, in vivo studies, advantages, limitations and formulation perspective are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Carolina Bazzo
- Innovation Study Center in Pharmaceutical Technologies - NITfar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bianca Ramos Pezzini
- Innovation Study Center in Pharmaceutical Technologies - NITfar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Hellen Karine Stulzer
- Innovation Study Center in Pharmaceutical Technologies - NITfar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Alshaikh RA, Essa EA, El Maghraby GM. Eutexia for enhanced dissolution rate and anti-inflammatory activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: Caffeine as a melting point modulator. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:395-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Dermal flurbiprofen nanosuspensions: Optimization with design of experiment approach and in vitro evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:254-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Solid-state flurbiprofen and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes prepared using a single-step, organic solvent-free supercritical fluid process. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:164-70. [PMID: 27163245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to enhance the apparent solubility and dissolution properties of flurbiprofen through inclusion complexation with cyclodextrins. Especially, the efficacy of supercritical fluid technology as a preparative technique for the preparation of flurbiprofen-methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes was evaluated. The complexes were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide processing and were evaluated by solubility, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, practical yield, drug content estimation and in vitro dissolution studies. Computational molecular docking studies were conducted to study the possibility of molecular arrangement of inclusion complexes between flurbiprofen and methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The studies support the formation of stable molecular inclusion complexes between the drug and cyclodextrin in a 1:1 stoichiometry. In vitro dissolution studies showed that the dissolution properties of flurbiprofen were significantly enhanced by the binary mixtures prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide processing. The amount of flurbiprofen dissolved into solution alone was very low with 1.11±0.09% dissolving at the end of 60min, while the binary mixtures processed by supercritical carbon dioxide at 45°C and 200bar released 99.39±2.34% of the drug at the end of 30min. All the binary mixtures processed by supercritical carbon dioxide at 45°C exhibited a drug release of more than 80% within the first 10min irrespective of the pressure employed. The study demonstrated the single step, organic solvent-free supercritical carbon dioxide process as a promising approach for the preparation of inclusion complexes between flurbiprofen and methyl-β-cyclodextrin in solid-state.
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Zidan AS, Emam SE, Shehata TM, Ghazy FES. Pediatric suppositories of sulpiride solid dispersion for treatment of Tourette syndrome: in vitro and in vivo investigations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:645-55. [PMID: 25501871 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical development was adopted in the current study to propose a pediatric rectal formulation of sulpiride as a substitute to the available oral or parenteral formulations in the management of Tourette syndrome (TS). The goal was to formulate a product that is easy to use, stable, and highly bioavailable and to achieve a rapid clinical efficacy. Towards this aim, sulpiride solid dispersion (SD) with tartaric acid at a weight ratio of 1:0.25 was incorporated into different suppository bases, namely witepsol W25, witepsol H15, witepsol E75, suppocire NA, suppocire A, glycerogelatin, and polyethylene glycols. The formulae were evaluated in vitro using different pharmacotechnical methods such as visual, melting, weight and content uniformities, drug release, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. In vivo bioavailability was also assessed in rabbits to compare the bioavailability of either raw sulpiride-incorporated or its SD-incorporated witepsol H15-based suppositories to its oral suspension (reference). Sulpiride SD-incorporated witepsol H15 formulation showed acceptable in vitro characteristics with a bioavailability of 117% relative to oral dosing, which excel that in humans (27% after dosing of oral product). In addition, the proposed formula not only passed the 6-month stability study but also proposed a promising scale-up approach. Hence, it showed a great potential for pediatric product development to manage TS in rural areas.
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Paidi SK, Jena SK, Ahuja BK, Devasari N, Suresh S. Preparation, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of spray-dried ternary solid dispersion of biopharmaceutics classification system class II model drug. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:616-29. [PMID: 25614930 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel spray-dried ternary solid dispersion (TSD) on the dissolution rate and bioavailability of a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class II model drug, atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ATC), and evaluate its in-vitro and in-vivo performance. METHODS TSD of ATC was prepared by spray-drying method employing ethanol/water solvent systems. The TSD formulations, composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E5) and nicotinamide, were optimized by rotatable central composite design. Physicochemical characterization along with dissolution, stability and pharmacokinetic study of optimized TSD was evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The optimized TSD was found to be amorphous with spherical shape morphology. It exhibited a fourfold increase in dissolution rate in comparison to ATC, with a considerable enhancement in oral bioavailability (relative bioavailability of 134.11%). Physicochemical characterization and dissolution study of optimized TSD at the end of stability studies clearly indicated that the stability of optimized TSD was due to hydrogen bonding between drug and HPMC E5 and nicotinamide. This bonding remained unaffected even under stressful conditions of high temperature and humidity. CONCLUSION The TSD exhibits a significant increase in dissolution rate, and for this reason should be useful as an efficacious tool to enhance the bioavailability of BCS class II drug molecule, ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan K Paidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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Upadhyay P, Pandit JK, Wahi AK. Studies on biological macromolecules lipid-Gelucire based gastroretentive multiparticulate. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:463-77. [PMID: 24699418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies on biological macromolecules lipid-Gelucire based sustained release gastroretentive multiparticulates of metformin hydrochloride (MH) were developed by dispersing MH in melted Gelucire 39/01 and 43/01 using the melt granulation technique while fast release solid dispersions gastroretentive multiparticulates of glibenclamide (GLB), poorly soluble drug were developed using Gelucire 50/13 and PEG 200, 400, 4000, 6000 as carrier at different ratios. Percent drug entrapment of MH was 99.6±0.35% and in vitro floating ability was 11.3±0.47h. Model dependent analysis shows that zero order kinetics was followed while drug release mechanism was anomalous diffusion controlled. Combination of ethylcellulose, methylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose with Gelucire were explored for release of drug, floatability and consistency for optimized formulation. While GLB multiparticulates showed entrapment efficiency of 99.8±0.11%, in vitro buoyancy for 11±0.2h and improved solubility and dissolution rate. Zero order kinetics was promising for all formulations. Model independent analysis f2 value for GIV was 40 while for M II was 54. Characterization was done by SEM, FTIR and PXRD. RP-HPLC method was adopted for simultaneous pharmacokinetic analysis of the drugs in rat plasma. In IVIVC studies confirm increased bioavailability of drugs in combination form and followed level A correlation using the diabetic type II Wistar rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad 244102, Uttar Pradesh, India; Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Jayanta Kumar Pandit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, IIT-Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221010, India
| | - Arun Kumar Wahi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, IIT-Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221010, India
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Interaction of terbinafine hydrochloride with nicotinamide in solution and solid state. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yin LF, Huang SJ, Zhu CL, Zhang SH, Zhang Q, Chen XJ, Liu QW. In vitroandin vivostudies on a novel solid dispersion of repaglinide using polyvinylpyrrolidone as the carrier. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:1371-80. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.652635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Aggarwal AK, Jain S. Physicochemical Characterization and Dissolution Study of Solid Dispersions of Ketoconazole with Nicotinamide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:629-38. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hamza YES, Aburahma MH. Innovation of novel sustained release compression-coated tablets for lornoxicam: formulation and in vitro investigations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903170768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sahin NO, Arslan H. Inclusion Complex of Prednisolone with Skimmed Milk Part I: Physicochemical Characterization. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:1255-61. [PMID: 17666878 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prednisolone is a safe antiinflammatory agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. To improve the aqueous solubility of the drug and dissolution rate, the complexation of prednisolone with skimmed milk was studied. A physical mixture and solid dispersion of prednisolone with skimmed milk were prepared. The lyophilization method was used to prepare the solid dispersion. Detection of inclusion complexes was performed in the solid state using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The diffractogram of the complex differed from that of the physical mixture, where the characteristic peaks of prednisolone, particularly at 23.9 degrees, 44.6 degrees, and 72.2 degrees (2 theta), nearly disappeared, indicating the formation of a true inclusion complex. These observations were in accordance with the results of the DSC analysis. Disappearance of the specific DSC peaks of the drug in the DSC curve of the solid dispersion showed that the drug interacts with the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefise Ozlen Sahin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Turkey.
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