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Emotion regulation and subjective well-being among parents of children with behavioral and emotional problems – the role of self-compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Analysis of the Predictive Role of Self-Compassion on Emotional Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a mental health burden worldwide. Most studies have focused on the factors associated with a higher risk of mental health problems, and only a few studies have looked at the potential protective factors. The general objective of this study was to determine whether self-compassion has a protective effect against the risk of mental health problems and especially on perceived infectability. If so, we intended to determine which of the three specific facets of self-compassion (i.e., mindfulness vs. over-identification; self-kindness vs. self-judgment; common humanity vs. isolation;) has the greatest weight in predicting emotional distress. We conducted a cross-sectional study through an online survey completed by 855 participants in Spain. Results confirmed that the three facets of self-compassion reduce the negative correlation between perceived infectability and emotional distress, diminishing its role in predicting emotional distress. These results are discussed in relation to the protective role of self-compassion and the need to further explore the variables associated with a lower risk of mental problems derived from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Murfield J, Moyle W, O'Donovan A. Planning and designing a self-compassion intervention for family carers of people living with dementia: a person-based and co-design approach. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35031015 PMCID: PMC8759225 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This article describes the research activities undertaken to plan and design a self-compassion intervention for family carers of people living with dementia using a person-based and co-design approach. In providing this example, our aim is two-fold: to highlight the value of using qualitative research and co-design processes within intervention development; and to showcase systematic reporting of an intervention’s early planning and design stages. Methods A person-based and co-design approach informed the planning and design of the self-compassion intervention. In Stage 1, qualitative interviews were undertaken with 14 family carers of people living with dementia and 14 professional stakeholders. In Stage 2, intervention guiding principles were developed, psychological theory was incorporated, and six family carers of people living with dementia were engaged as co-designers. Results Knowledge generated during intervention planning identified that the intervention should be situated within the concept of compassion more broadly; address misperceptions, fears, blocks, and resistances to self-compassion; and target feelings of shame, guilt, and self-criticism. Subsequent intervention design activities determined that the needs of family carers of people living with dementia were best met by tailoring an existing intervention, namely group-based Compassion-Focused Therapy. Conclusions Our systematic approach highlights the value of incorporating in-depth qualitative research and co-design within the intervention development process to prioritise the perspectives and lived experiences of family carers of people living with dementia. The planning and design process outlined provides insight that is applicable to the development of our intervention and complex health interventions within gerontology and beyond. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02754-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Murfield
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT (Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. .,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. .,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an overview on the role of family caregivers (FCGs) in the care of older adults with cancer and review quality of life needs for FCGs. DATA SOURCES Journal articles, research reports, state of the science papers, position papers, and clinical guidelines from professional organizations were used. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of multiple comorbidities and the associated burden of geriatric events in older adults have a substantial impact on the quality of life of their FCGs. Practical and efficient models of comprehensive assessment, interventions, and caregiving preparedness support are needed to improve outcomes for both older adults with cancer and their FCGs. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Oncology nurses practicing in clinical and research settings have a responsibility to prepare themselves with evidence-based knowledge and resources to include the needs of FCGs in the care provided to older adults with cancer.
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Mallon A. Compassionate community structure and function: a standardised micro-model for end-of-life doulas and community members supporting those who wish to die at home. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2021; 15:26323524211052569. [PMID: 34708210 PMCID: PMC8543731 DOI: 10.1177/26323524211052569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: End-of-life doulas are an emerging, non-medical support and advocacy role for
the dying and their caregivers. As more and more people are dying at home,
research shows end-of-life doulas are increasingly in demand as non-medical
advocates and companions for the dying, and their friends and families.
Compassionate communities are essential to those who wish to die at home by
helping to avoid carer stress and burnout associated with physical and
emotional labour when a person is at end of life. However, compassionate
community models are top-down in nature as they focus on public policy,
missing a domestic-scale, standardised design applicable when someone wishes
to die at home. This gap affects care networks and communications and
arguably hinders the work of end-of-life doulas. Aim: Findings from original qualitative research with end-of-life doulas in four
countries demonstrated the importance of compassionate communities for death
literacy and support for a person at end of life and their networks and that
all practitioners were using ad hoc, variable approaches to compassionate
community formation and maintenance. A micro-level standardised and
replicable model for organising and maintaining compassionate communities
for end-of-life doulas which completes the established compassionate
community model was developed to fill this gap and provide a vital tool for
end-of-life doulas and training programmes internationally. Methods: Thematic analysis of research data from qualitative semi-structured
interviews with end-of-life doulas in four countries was undertaken and
considered as a cohort as well as by country. Conclusions: A model was developed that addresses a gap in international approaches to
practice, offering a standardised way to discuss, teach, and implement
compassionate communities for end-of-life doulas in a variety of countries
and languages. This article discusses the research and model in detail.
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Spiers GF, Liddle J, Kunonga TP, Whitehead IO, Beyer F, Stow D, Welsh C, Ramsay SE, Craig D, Hanratty B. What are the consequences of caring for older people and what interventions are effective for supporting unpaid carers? A rapid review of systematic reviews. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046187. [PMID: 34588234 PMCID: PMC8483048 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and map evidence about the consequences of unpaid caring for all carers of older people, and effective interventions to support this carer population. DESIGN A rapid review of systematic reviews, focused on the consequences for carers of unpaid caring for older people, and interventions to support this heterogeneous group of carers. Reviews of carers of all ages were eligible, with any outcome measures relating to carers' health, and social and financial well-being. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycInfo and Epistemonikos (January 2000 to January 2020). Records were screened, and included systematic reviews were quality appraised. Summary data were extracted and a narrative synthesis produced. RESULTS Twelve systematic reviews reporting evidence about the consequences of caring for carers (n=6) and assessing the effectiveness of carer interventions (n=6) were included. The review evidence typically focused on mental health outcomes, with little information identified about carers' physical, social and financial well-being. Clear estimates of the prevalence and severity of carer outcomes, and how these differ between carers and non-carers, were absent. A range of interventions were identified, but there was no strong evidence of effectiveness. In some studies, the choice of outcome measure may underestimate the full impact of an intervention. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence fails to fully quantify the impacts that caring for older people has on carers' health and well-being. Information on social patterning of the consequences of caring is absent. Systematic measurement of a broad range of outcomes, with comparison to the general population, is needed to better understand the true consequences of caring. Classification of unpaid caring as a social determinant of health could be an effective lever to bring greater focus and support to this population. Further work is needed to develop and identify suitable interventions in order to support evidence-based policymaking and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma F Spiers
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jennifer Liddle
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East & North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Fiona Beyer
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Stow
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Welsh
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sheena E Ramsay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dawn Craig
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East & North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Hanratty
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North East & North Cumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Murfield J, Moyle W, O'Donovan A. Experiences of compassion among family carers of older adults: Qualitative content analysis of survey free-text comments. Scand J Caring Sci 2021; 36:1006-1015. [PMID: 34096636 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide qualitative insight into the experiences of compassion (to self, to others and from others) among family carers of older adults by exploring the written responses provided within a cross-sectional survey that asked about carers' levels of compassion, mindfulness, emotion regulation, coping strategies and psychological health. METHODS Family carers of adults aged ≥65 years from around the world completed the survey between July and December 2019. To provide carers with an opportunity to describe experiences in their own words and expand on issues beyond the limits of closed-response items, the survey included eight free-text boxes. These appeared after each self-report measure and at the end of the survey. From a total of 127 carers providing 504 written responses, inductive qualitative content analysis identified and evaluated 245 comments from 105 family carers' that were about their experiences of compassion (to self, to others and from others). RESULTS Some family carers perceived a lack of compassion, both for themselves and from others, and several barriers to carers' openness to receiving compassion were identified. Factors influencing carers' compassion to others in general included how carers were feeling themselves, the person it was directed towards and the situation. Within the caregiving relationship specifically, this included care recipients' level of need and behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide qualitative understanding about family carers' realities of compassion (to self, to others and from others) within their role and highlight the applicability and warranted focus of compassion-based approaches within family caregiving research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Murfield
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Analise O'Donovan
- Griffith Health Group, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Gutiérrez-Hernández ME, Fanjul LF, Díaz-Megolla A, Reyes-Hurtado P, Herrera-Rodríguez JF, Enjuto-Castellanos MDP, Peñate W. COVID-19 Lockdown and Mental Health in a Sample Population in Spain: The Role of Self-Compassion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2103. [PMID: 33670059 PMCID: PMC7926975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous data support that mental health is affected during pandemic and lockdown situations. Yet, little is known about the positive factors that protect mental health during a lockdown. This study analyzed mental health status-particularly emotional problems-and the role of several sociodemographic and clinical variables; it also explored whether there is a positive relationship between self-compassion and better mental health status. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Spain with the participation of 917 fluent Spanish-speaking residents in a survey conducted approximately midway through the COVID-19 lockdown. The survey tested for anxiety, depression, and stress using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) to measure self-compassion values, and the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVDQ) to assess the degree of risk perceived by participants. Around 30% of the individuals surveyed (recruited by snowball sampling) showed clinically significant levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. The variables most frequently associated with anxiety, depression, and stress were low levels of self-compassion, age, gender, previous physical symptoms, a previous mental disorder, being a student, and perceived vulnerability to disease. We discuss the hypothetical protective role against anxiety, depression, and stress of certain skills such as self-compassion and the possibility that increasing self-compassion may be used to promote better mental health in similar situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Gutiérrez-Hernández
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain;
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (P.R.-H.); (J.F.H.-R.)
| | - Luisa Fernanda Fanjul
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Alicia Díaz-Megolla
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Pablo Reyes-Hurtado
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (P.R.-H.); (J.F.H.-R.)
| | - Jonay Francisco Herrera-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (P.R.-H.); (J.F.H.-R.)
| | | | - Wenceslao Peñate
- Departamento de Psicología Clínica, Psicobiología y Metodología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly O'Malley
- VA New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jennifer Moye
- VA New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Murfield J, Moyle W, O'Donovan A. Self-compassion as an applicable intervention target for family carers of older adults: A conceptual commentary. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:376-383. [PMID: 31894594 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Murfield
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Analise O'Donovan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Moye J. Healthcare Systems Meet Family Systems: Improving Healthcare for Older Adults and Their Families. Clin Gerontol 2019; 42:461-462. [PMID: 31451068 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1651485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Moye
- VA New England GRECC and Harvard Medical School , Boston and Bedford , MA , USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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