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Peng B, Hu N, Li H, Pang B, Lv M, Wang X, Li Y. A serial mediation model reveals the association between parental over-protection and academic entitlement among nursing students. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15703. [PMID: 38977799 PMCID: PMC11231251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to explore the influence of parental over-protection on academic entitlement of nursing students, and examine the mediating roles of external locus of control and psychological entitlement. The study sampled two medical universities in Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, China. Participants were nursing students in grades one to four (N = 1003; mean age = 19.51 years; 81.95% female). Using a structural equation model, we examined the mediating effect of external locus of control and psychological entitlement on parental over-protection and academic entitlement. The results show that there was a significant correlation between all variables, and external locus of control and psychological entitlement played a serial mediating role between parental over-protection and academic entitlement. Our findings suggest that academic entitlement of nursing students can be reduced by adjusting parental rearing behaviors, reducing students' psychological entitlement, and teaching them how to form a healthier attribution style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Peng
- School of Marxism, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, China
| | - Ningning Hu
- School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Pang
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingzhi Lv
- School of Nursing, YunNan Economics Trade and Foreign Affairs College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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2
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Wang J, Ye Y, Wang Y, Zeng X. Parenting styles and personal belief in a just world among Chinese children and adolescents: gender, living location, and age as moderators. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1357667. [PMID: 39027050 PMCID: PMC11256207 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1357667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The positive development of the personal belief in a just world (PBJW) plays a vital role in academic achievement and mental health among children and adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the influencing factors of PBJW better. The association between parenting styles and PBJW has been well established, but whether this association varies among different groups remains an open issue. The present study aimed to examine the strength of the associations between parenting styles and PBJW among Chinese children and adolescents and the role of certain moderators (gender, living location, and age) in these associations. Methods This study employed hierarchical regression and simple slopes analyses to examine data from the National Children's Study of China. The database includes 24,013 Chinese children and adolescents in grades 49 (M = 12.76 years, SD = 1.73), with 53.50% boys. Results The results indicated that (1) authoritative parenting was positively correlated with PBJW; (2) both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were negatively correlated with PBJW; (3) the positive relationship between authoritative parenting and PBJW was more prominent in urban regions; the negative relationship between authoritarian and PBJW was stronger in urban regions; and the negative relationship between permissive parenting and PBJW was more pronounced among girls and older children and adolescents. Discussion These findings highlight important associations between parenting styles and the development of PBJW among Chinese children and adolescents, and suggest strategies for policy-makers, educators, and parents to improve PBJW for different types of Chinese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Ye
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xihua Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hammoudi Halat D, Al-Jumaili AA, Ahmed KK, Rahal M, Hamad A, Darwish RM, Alsous MM, Thomas D, Bukhatwa S, Khdour M, Alkhudair N, Al Balushi AA, Khalifa S, Alsharif NZ. Academic Entitlement Among Pharmacy Students in the Arab World: A Multi-National Exploratory Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100640. [PMID: 38181969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study's aim was to explore academic entitlement among pharmacy students in different pharmacy colleges in the Arab World and assess associated factors. METHODS This study design was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected using a self-administered electronic questionnaire posted across pharmacy college networks in 10 Arab countries (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates). The electronic survey was administered through Qualtrics Survey Software, and its link was open from January 23, 2022 to May 13, 2022. The multiple linear regression measured the association between different predictors and the academic entitlement. RESULTS A total of 2386 surveys were received from students studying in 10 different Arab countries. The majority of responding students were male and studying in a Bachelor of pharmacy program. Students reported an agreeable attitude in 4 areas: rewards for efforts, customer orientation, customer service expectation, and general academic entitlement. In accommodation, a neutral attitude was reported, while they reported a disagreeing attitude in the responsibility avoidance domain. In grade haggling, the 3 items of the domain had different attitudes. Only 3 factors had a significant negative association with student entitlement (professionalism, GPA, and year in the study program). CONCLUSION The academic entitlement scores among pharmacy students in the Arab World were high and had a negative association with professionalism perceptions. This study finding is a call for pharmacy programs to consider the effect of academic entitlement on pharmacy education and to obtain in-depth evidence on its magnitude and associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili
- University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq; The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa, USA; University of California Davis School of Medicine /Department of Public Health, CA, USA.
| | - Kawther Khalid Ahmed
- University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq; The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa, USA
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- Lebanese International University, School of Pharmacy, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Anas Hamad
- Qatar University, College of Pharmacy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rula M Darwish
- The University of Jordan, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mervat M Alsous
- Yarmouk University Irbid, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dixon Thomas
- Gulf Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Bukhatwa
- Libyan International Medical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Maher Khdour
- Al-Quds University College of Pharmacy, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Nora Alkhudair
- King Saud University College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sherief Khalifa
- Gulf Medical University College of Pharmacy, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naser Z Alsharif
- Lebanese American University, School of Pharmacy, Byblos, Lebanon
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Quail KR, Ward CL. Using Non-Violent Discipline Tools: Evidence Suggesting the Importance of Attunement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7187. [PMID: 38131738 PMCID: PMC10742770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20247187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Training in non-violent discipline is important to prevent violence against children and ensure that their caregivers remain a safe base for them. This paper aims to deepen understanding of non-violent discipline by exploring attunement as a mechanism in the effectiveness of non-violent discipline tools. Attunement describes the sensitive responsiveness of caregivers towards their children and has been found to be central to the formation of secure attachment bonds and development of self-regulation. It includes understanding or being "in tune with" the child's needs and signals, matching these with appropriate responses. The objective of this paper is to explore attunement in relation to non-violent discipline. Peer-reviewed systematic reviews previously included in a systematic overview of evidence on non-violent discipline options were screened for information relevant to attunement. All reviews were published in English between 1999 and 2018 and offered evidence on at least one non-violent discipline tool. Although no reviews explicitly addressed attunement, evidence was found suggesting its importance in the use and effectiveness of discipline methods. Research directly investigating attunement in discipline is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R. Quail
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
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Knepp KA, Knepp MM. Academic entitlement decreases engagement in and out of the classroom and increases classroom incivility attitudes. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022; 25:1113-1134. [PMID: 35873869 PMCID: PMC9289648 DOI: 10.1007/s11218-022-09716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that academic entitlement can serve as a barrier between students and the benefits of a university education. As entitled students function as consumers and externalize responsibility for their learning outcomes, they risk lower grades and anti-intellectualism attitudes. This study explored how academic entitlement can be damaging to the student via engagement and social interaction deficits, as well as to faculty and the university at large through a lack of civility and appropriate classroom behaviors. One hundred ninety-seven undergraduate students completed scales on academic entitlement, student and schoolwork engagement, social adjustment to college, emotion regulation, plagiarism attitudes, classroom citizenship, and classroom incivility behaviors. Increased academic entitlement was associated with decreased engagement in and out of the classroom; poor social adjustment to university; poor academic emotion regulation strategies; a lack of appropriate classroom behaviors; and a greater acceptance of plagiarism, academic dishonesty, and incivility. Future research exploring how academic entitlement decreases university affiliation, commitment, and retention is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A. Knepp
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH USA
| | - Michael M. Knepp
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Human Development, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH USA
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Quail KR, Ward CL. Nonviolent Discipline Options for Caregivers and Teachers: A Systematic Overview of the Evidence. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:620-638. [PMID: 33111651 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020967340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Violence against children is a widespread problem with devastating consequences, and corporal punishment is a risk factor for more serious forms of physical abuse. One reason for the persistence of corporal punishment may be the lack of awareness of positive disciplinary alternatives. Nonviolent options offered to caregivers and teachers must be effective in addressing challenging behavior, or they may be rejected in favor of a return to physical punishment. There is an urgent need to determine which discipline options are evidence-supported and what that evidence says so that robust alternatives to corporal punishment can be made available. The primary objective of this research was to find, and explore the state of the science on, individual nonviolent interventions for challenging behavior, in so doing forming a "tool kit" for use by caregivers and teachers. A systematic overview of systematic reviews was conducted. Included systematic reviews were peer-reviewed and published in English between 1999 and 2018. Screening, quality assessment using AMSTAR, and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. A total of 223 reviews were included, covering data from 3,921 primary studies. A wide range of evidence-supported interventions exist, many of which have been found effective with severely challenging behavior. Important positive outcomes shown suggest that the use of these tools should be promoted not only for the prevention of violence but also for optimum child development. More research is needed on the use of these methods in home situations and on de-escalation skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Quail
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Ding G, Xu L, Sun L. Association Between Parental Parenting Style Disparities and Mental Health: An Evidence From Chinese Medical College Students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:841140. [PMID: 35296043 PMCID: PMC8918520 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.841140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The associations between parental parenting styles and adolescents' development and health problems were also identified in a series of studies. However, the interactive impact of mother's and father's parenting style was less reported, which was implied in previous studies. In this study, we aim to analyze the associations between parental parenting style disparities and mental health among medical college students. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical college students in Shandong province, China, and 2,598 medical college students with parents were analyzed in this study. Items in a short form of Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) were used to calculate the parental parenting style disparities. Mental health was evaluated by the Kessler 10 scale. Results The results of linear regressions showed that parental nurture reject disparities (RDs, β = 0.50, p < 0.001), parental emotional warmth disparities (WDs, β = 0.33, p < 0.001), parental overprotective disparities (ODs, β = 0.25, p < 0.001), and total disparities in parenting styles (TDs, β = 0.15, p < 0.001) were associated with mental health among medical college students, respectively. The other associated factors were age, ethnicity, chronic disease, above average family economic status, and good parental relationship. Conclusion Our findings supported the positive association between parental parenting style disparities and mental health problems. Further studies can test the mechanism and intervention of the findings about the importance of parental parenting style consistence on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ding
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, China
| | - Long Sun
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Long Sun
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Candel OS. The Link between Parenting Behaviors and Emerging Adults' Relationship Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Relational Entitlement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:828. [PMID: 35055650 PMCID: PMC8775879 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research shows a link between parenting and children's characteristics and interpersonal behaviors. However, little is known about the ways in which parenting tactics affect children's romantic relationships and whether the children's characteristics can mediate these associations. With this study, the aim was to test the associations between parents' helicopter parenting/autonomy-supportive behaviors and emergent adults' relational satisfaction and couple conflict. In addition, it was tested whether the sense of relational entitlement (excessive and restricted) mediated the links. Two hundred and twelve emergent adult-parent dyads participated in this study. Mediation analyses showed that parental autonomy-supportive behaviors had indirect effects on both the relational satisfaction and the couple conflict reported by the emerging adults through excessive relational entitlement. The link was positive for the former couple-related outcome and negative for the latter one. Helicopter parenting was not related to any variable reported by the emerging adults. In conclusion, positive parenting can increase relational stability and well-being by diminishing some potentially negative psychological characteristics of emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octav-Sorin Candel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700554 Iasi, Romania
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and characteristics of academic entitlement (AE) among physician assistant (PA) students in the United States. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess AE using 2 previously validated AE surveys. Current PA students were recruited via email, and survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cumulative logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, the 337 PA students who participated in the study reported low levels of AE. Students displayed the highest level of AE on statements related to the role of professors and the lowest level of entitlement on statements pertaining to student responsibility and grade entitlement. Students who struggled academically were more likely to report AE in relation to professors' roles. Older students were more likely to display AE related to provision of necessary resources by the university and less likely to display AE regarding the method of delivery for learning materials. Higher levels of grade-related AE were found in students in the didactic phase, female students, and students who did not identify as White. In addition, students who did not identify as White were more likely to display AE in relation to tests. CONCLUSIONS Literature shows that AE has increased and is a major concern in higher education. Although the overall study results indicated relatively low AE, we found increased AE in certain student groups. Earlier identification of students at increased risk for AE would allow educators to intervene more effectively in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Ellis
- Jill Ellis, DHSc, PA-C, is an associate professor in the Physician Assistant Studies Department at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Theresa Bacon-Baguley, PhD, RN, is an associate dean for research for the Physician Assistant Studies Department and the College of Health Professions at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Sango Otieno, PhD, is an associate professor in the Statistics Department at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Theresa Bacon-Baguley
- Jill Ellis, DHSc, PA-C, is an associate professor in the Physician Assistant Studies Department at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Theresa Bacon-Baguley, PhD, RN, is an associate dean for research for the Physician Assistant Studies Department and the College of Health Professions at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Sango Otieno, PhD, is an associate professor in the Statistics Department at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Sango Otieno
- Jill Ellis, DHSc, PA-C, is an associate professor in the Physician Assistant Studies Department at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Theresa Bacon-Baguley, PhD, RN, is an associate dean for research for the Physician Assistant Studies Department and the College of Health Professions at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Sango Otieno, PhD, is an associate professor in the Statistics Department at Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
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Thomassin K, Fay Wilson L, Vaughn-Coaxum R, Keith Campbell W, Zeichner A, Miller JD. Development and Validation of the Praise, Indulgence, and Status Parenting Scale. J Pers Assess 2020; 102:804-816. [PMID: 31343901 PMCID: PMC7075438 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2019.1639187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The overarching aim of this study was to develop and validate a new scale (i.e., the Praise, Indulgence, and Status Parenting Scale [PISPS]) to measure modern parenting practices and behaviors consistent with instilling ideals of specialness (i.e., the notion that one is special), self-esteem, and status in children. In 2 studies on emerging adults (Study 1: N = 582, M age = 19.46; Study 2: N = 464, M age = 19.58), the PISPS was developed and validated using classical test theory (Study 1) and further refined using item-response theory (Study 2). Results from both studies indicated a 3-factor structure with factors differentially linked with correlates of interest including parenting strategies, self-esteem, narcissism, entitlement, and internalizing symptoms. Study 3 further validated the PISPS in a sample of parents (N = 638, M age = 35.79) reporting on their parenting and their child's emotion regulation and symptoms of psychopathology. Overall, findings support the PISPS, its psychometric properties, and its unique contribution to child symptoms.
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Jackson DL, Frey MP, McLellan C, Rauti CM, Lamborn PB, Singleton-Jackson JA. I deserve more A's: A report on the development of a measure of academic entitlement. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239721. [PMID: 32997723 PMCID: PMC7526903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a multi-stage effort to develop a measure of Academic Entitlement. An empirical/rational approach was taken to develop items and reduce the item set for a final version of the Academic Entitlement Scale (AES). The measure includes seven dimensions: Accommodation, Reward for Effort, Responsibility Avoidance, Grade Haggling, Customer Orientation, Customer Service Expectations, and General Academic Entitlement. Fit, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, for the seven-factor correlated model and a bifactor model including General AE and the six specific factors, was good. The full measure is reported along with descriptive statistics for the scale and preliminary validation evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis L. Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc P. Frey
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsea McLellan
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn M. Rauti
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Paige B. Lamborn
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Holl KJ, Cipriano AE. Campus Support Providers' Discussion of Consent in Response to Sexual Assault Disclosure Situations: Understanding of Consent Linked to Resource Referrals. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2020; 35:615-632. [PMID: 32788338 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-19-00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
College sexual assault is a widespread issue and the responses of support providers can greatly affect sexual assault survivors' wellbeing after a disclosure. Although "consent" (or, more precisely, the lack thereof) is the defining feature of sexual assault, little is known about how support providers understand consent and draw from this knowledge in their responses to disclosures. This is particularly important in the wake of evolving consent policies in institutions of higher education. University resident assistants (RAs) are an important source of support for students in crisis, functioning as a "first responder" and providing support. Using a sample of 305 RAs, the current study employs a critical discourse analysis to examine how RAs engage with the concept of consent in response to sexual assault disclosure situations. Four types of consent discourses were identified: (a) affirming nonconsent, (b) validating right to consent, (c) questioning nonconsent, and (d) dictating how to consent. Findings provide a novel examination of how consent is understood, communicated, and reinforced in the campus community, and the implications of these discourses for survivors. Results suggest there may be benefit in additional training for support providers around the conceptualization of consent and how to discuss consent with survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Holl
- Department of Psychology and Women's & Gender Studies Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
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Linden B, Stuart H. Post-Secondary Stress and Mental Well-Being: A Scoping Review of the Academic Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.7870/cjcmh-2020-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Post-secondary students have been identified as an at-risk population for chronic stress and poor mental health. We conducted a scoping review of the academic literature surrounding student stress and mental well-being as the first phase of research in the development of Canada’s National Standard for the Psychological Health and Safety of Post-Secondary Students. Major thematic findings included student stress, resilience through effective coping and help-seeking, and programs or strategies to improve campus mental health. Recommendations include a call for increased mental health promotion and mental illness prevention activities that are sensitive to diverse cultures, ethnicities, religions, and sexualities.
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Huang S, Kuo BCH. Demographic, psychosocial, and cultural predictors of entitlement in a multiethnic Canadian undergraduate sample. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-020-09547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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The Influence of Left-Behind Experience on College Students' Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051511. [PMID: 32111048 PMCID: PMC7084344 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
China’s rapid development and urbanization have created large numbers of migrant laborers, with increasing numbers of young adults and couples migrating from rural areas to large cities. As a result, a large number of children have become left-behind children (LBC), who were left behind in their hometown and cared for by one parent, grandparents, relatives or friends. Some of these LBC have a chance to be college students, who are called college students with left-behind experience. Some studies have indicated that the absence of these college students’ parents during childhood may cause them to have some mental health problems. Therefore, we want to examine the effects of left-behind experience on college students’ mental health and compare the prevalence of mental health problems in left-behind students and control students (without left-behind experience). For this purpose, a cross-sectional comparative survey was conducted in a coastal city of Shandong province, Eastern China. First, 1605 college students from three universities (national admissions) were recruited, including 312 students with left-behind experience and 1293 controls. Their mental health level was measured using Symptom Check-list 90 (containing ten dimensions: somatization, obsessive-compulsion (OCD), interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia, psychoticism, and other symptoms). The results showed that left-behind experience was a significant risk factor for the mental health problems of college students (OR = 2.27, 95%CI: 1.73 to 2.97). A comparison of the two groups, after controlling the confounding factors using the coarsened exact matching (CEM) algorithm, showed that the prevalence of mental health problems was 35.69% (n = 311) among the left-behind students, while it was 19.68% (n = 1194) among the controls. The two groups were significantly different in terms of these ten dimensions of the SCL-90 scale (p < 0.001), and the prevalence of each dimension among the left-behind students was consistently higher than that among the controls. In addition, different left-behind experiences and social supports during childhood had different effects on mental health problems.
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Keener A. An examination of psychological characteristics and their relationship to academic entitlement among millennial and nonmillennial college students. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Keener
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesOklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsa Oklahoma
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Abstract
Purpose
Burnout has been studied by organizational researchers for nearly 50 years (Maslach and Schaufeli, 2017; Schaufeli et al., 2009); however, little attention is given to burnout experienced by employed students who may be prone to the symptoms of burnout as they juggle multiple demanding roles. Burnout in employed students has previously been conceptualized as a bi-factor model consisting of three dimensions: general burnout, apathy and exhaustion (see Rauti et al., 2019 for further information). The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate a novel and theoretically driven tool to assess burnout in employed students.
Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 239 employed undergraduate students from a university in southwestern Ontario completed an online survey which included the University of Windsor Employed Student Burnout Survey. Participants also completed six additional measures for scale validation purposes.
Findings
Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor model of the employed student burnout scale: apathy toward employment, exhaustion toward employment, apathy toward academics and exhaustion toward academics. The findings also supported a bi-factor version of the four-factor model. Correlation analyses provided evidence for convergent and divergent validity.
Originality/value
The experience of burnout for employed students is unique as employed students balance the demands of work and school simultaneously. This research suggests that experiences of burnout from work and burnout from school may be distinct from one another and that burnout is context specific.
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Bantjes J, Lochner C, Saal W, Roos J, Taljaard L, Page D, Auerbach RP, Mortier P, Bruffaerts R, Kessler RC, Stein DJ. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of common mental disorders among first-year university students in post-apartheid South Africa: implications for a public mental health approach to student wellness. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:922. [PMID: 31291925 PMCID: PMC6617861 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing awareness of the need for effective prevention, early detection, and novel treatment approaches for common mental disorders (CMDs) among university students. Reliable epidemiological data on prevalence and correlates are the cornerstones of planning and implementing effective health services and adopting a public health approach to student wellness. Yet, there is a comparative lack of sound psychiatric epidemiological studies on CMDs among university students in low- and middle-income countries, like South Africa (SA). It is also unclear if historically marginalised groups of students are at increased risk for mental health problems in post-apartheid SA. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of lifetime and 12-month CMDs among university students in SA, with a particular focus on vulnerability among students in historically excluded and marginalised segments of the population. Methods Data were collected via self-report measures in an online survey of first-year students registered at two large universities (n = 1402). CMDs were assessed with previously-validated screening scales. Data were weighted and analysed using multivariate statistical methods. Results A total of 38.5% of respondents reported at least one lifetime CMD, the most common being major depressive disorder (24.7%). Twelve-month prevalence of any CMD was 31.5%, with generalised anxiety disorder being the most common (20.8%). The median age of onset for any disorder was 15 years. The median proportional annual persistence of any disorder was 80.0%. Female students, students who reported an atypical sexual orientation, and students with disabilities were at significantly higher risk of any lifetime or 12-month disorder. Female gender, atypical sexual orientation, and disability were associated with elevated risk of internalising disorders, whereas male gender, identifying as White, and reporting an atypical sexual orientation were associated with elevated risk of externalising disorders. Older age, atypical sexual orientation, and disability were associated with elevated risk of bipolar spectrum disorder. Conclusions Despite advances to promote greater social inclusion in post-apartheid SA, students who identify as female, students with atypical sexual orientations, and students with disabilities are nonetheless at increased risk of CMDs, although students who identify as Black and first-generation students are not. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7218-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bantjes
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
| | - Christine Lochner
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wylene Saal
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Janine Roos
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders and Mental Health Information Centre of South Africa, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lian Taljaard
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Daniel Page
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Bonaccio S, Reeve CL, Lyerly J. Academic entitlement: Its personality and general mental ability correlates, and academic consequences. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The Diversity of the Place of Residence of Students and their Level of Physical Activity. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2016.1-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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