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Heianza Y, Zhou T, Wang X, Furtado JD, Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Qi L. MTNR1B genotype and effects of carbohydrate quantity and dietary glycaemic index on glycaemic response to an oral glucose load: the OmniCarb trial. Diabetologia 2024; 67:506-515. [PMID: 38052941 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A type 2 diabetes-risk-increasing variant, MTNR1B (melatonin receptor 1B) rs10830963, regulates the circadian function and may influence the variability in metabolic responses to dietary carbohydrates. We investigated whether the effects of carbohydrate quantity and dietary glycaemic index (GI) on glycaemic response during OGTTs varied by the risk G allele of MTNR1B-rs10830963. METHODS This study included participants (n=150) of a randomised crossover-controlled feeding trial of four diets with high/low GI levels and high/low carbohydrate content for 5 weeks. The MTNR1B-rs10830963 (C/G) variant was genotyped. Glucose response during 2 h OGTT was measured at baseline and the end of each diet intervention. RESULTS Among the four study diets, carrying the risk G allele (CG/GG vs CC genotype) of MTNR1B-rs10830963 was associated with the largest AUC of glucose during 2 h OGTT after consuming a high-carbohydrate/high-GI diet (β 134.32 [SE 45.69] mmol/l × min; p=0.004). The risk G-allele carriers showed greater increment of glucose during 0-60 min (β 1.26 [0.47] mmol/l; p=0.008) or 0-90 min (β 1.10 [0.50] mmol/l; p=0.028) after the high-carbohydrate/high-GI diet intervention, but not after consuming the other three diets. At high carbohydrate content, reducing GI levels decreased 60 min post-OGTT glucose (mean -0.67 [95% CI: -1.18, -0.17] mmol/l) and the increment of glucose during 0-60 min (mean -1.00 [95% CI: -1.67, -0.33] mmol/l) and 0-90 min, particularly in the risk G-allele carriers (pinteraction <0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study shows that carrying the risk G allele of MTNR1B-rs10830963 is associated with greater glycaemic responses after consuming a diet with high carbohydrates and high GI levels. Reducing GI in a high-carbohydrate diet may decrease post-OGTT glucose concentrations among the risk G-allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Biogen Epidemiology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bayer S, Reik A, von Hesler L, Hauner H, Holzapfel C. Association between Genotype and the Glycemic Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071695. [PMID: 37049537 PMCID: PMC10096950 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inter-individual variability of metabolic response to foods may be partly due to genetic variation. This systematic review aims to assess the associations between genetic variants and glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) were searched for keywords in the field of genetics, OGTT, and metabolic response (PROSPERO: CRD42021231203). Inclusion criteria were available data on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and glucose area under the curve (gAUC) in a healthy study cohort. In total, 33,219 records were identified, of which 139 reports met the inclusion criteria. This narrative synthesis focused on 49 reports describing gene loci for which several reports were available. An association between SNPs and the gAUC was described for 13 gene loci with 53 different SNPs. Three gene loci were mostly investigated: transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11). In most reports, the associations were not significant or single findings were not replicated. No robust evidence for an association between SNPs and gAUC after an OGTT in healthy persons was found across the identified studies. Future studies should investigate the effect of polygenic risk scores on postprandial glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bayer
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Reik
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Lena von Hesler
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Klinikum Rechts der Isar”, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, 36037 Fulda, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Xia AY, Zhu H, Zhao ZJ, Liu HY, Wang PH, Ji LD, Xu J. Molecular Mechanisms of the Melatonin Receptor Pathway Linking Circadian Rhythm to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061406. [PMID: 36986139 PMCID: PMC10052080 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Night-shift work and sleep disorders are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and circadian rhythm disruption is intrinsically involved. Studies have identified several signaling pathways that separately link two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) to insulin secretion and T2DM occurrence, but a comprehensive explanation of the molecular mechanism to elucidate the association between these receptors to T2DM, reasonably and precisely, has been lacking. This review thoroughly explicates the signaling system, which consists of four important pathways, linking melatonin receptors MT1 or MT2 to insulin secretion. Then, the association of the circadian rhythm with MTNR1B transcription is extensively expounded. Finally, a concrete molecular and evolutionary mechanism underlying the macroscopic association between the circadian rhythm and T2DM is established. This review provides new insights into the pathology, treatment, and prevention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yu Xia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhi-Jia Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hong-Yi Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Peng-Hao Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lin-Dan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (L.-D.J.); (J.X.)
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (L.-D.J.); (J.X.)
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Pace NP, Vassallo J, Calleja-Agius J. Gestational diabetes, environmental temperature and climate factors - From epidemiological evidence to physiological mechanisms. Early Hum Dev 2021; 155:105219. [PMID: 33046275 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a common metabolic complication of pregnancy that is generally asymptomatic in its clinical course, although it is potentially associated with a wide range of both maternal and foetal complications. The population prevalence of GDM varies widely, depending on the clinical diagnostic criteria, ethnicity, demographics and background prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Climate variability and environmental temperature have recently come to the forefront as potential direct or indirect determinants of human health. The association between GDM and environmental temperature is complex, and studies have often reported conflicting findings. Epidemiologic studies have shown a direct relation between rising environmental temperature and the risk of both GDM and impaired beta cell function. Seasonal trends in the prevalence of GDM have been reported in several populations, with a higher prevalence in summer months. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the GDM-temperature correlation. A growing body of evidence supports a link between temperature, energy expenditure and adipose tissue metabolism. Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, induced by cold temperatures, improves insulin sensitivity. Further biological explanations for the GDM-temperature correlation lie in potential association with low vitamin D levels, which varies according to sunshine exposure. Observational studies are also complicated by lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, that could exhibit seasonal variation. In this review article, we provide a systematic overview of available epidemiological evidence linking environmental temperature and gestational diabetes. Furthermore, the physiological mechanisms that give biological plausibility to association between GDM and temperature are explored. As future climate patterns could drive global changes in GDM prevalence, this knowledge has important implications for both clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Paul Pace
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta.
| | - Josanne Vassallo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
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Laine MK, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Pennanen P, Eriksson JG. Impact of sunshine on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in primiparous women. Int J Circumpolar Health 2020; 79:1703882. [PMID: 31833822 PMCID: PMC6968564 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2019.1703882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of data about the influence of sunshine hours on the prevalence for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the prevalence of GDM varied according to hours of daily sunshine during the first trimester. The study cohort (N = 6189) consists of all primiparous women with a Finnish background who delivered between 2009 and 2015 living in Vantaa city, Finland. Data on births and maternal characteristics were obtained from National Health Registers. Data on sunshine hours were obtained from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Individual daily sunshine hours during the first trimester of pregnancy were calculated for each woman. Diagnosis of GDM was based on a standard 75-g 2-h glucose tolerance test (OGTT). No relationship was observed between month of conception and GDM. Daily sunshine hours during the first trimester and GDM showed a U-shaped association (adjusted p-value 0.019). In OGTT, a U-shaped association was observed between 0-h glucose value and daily sunshine hours during the first trimester (p = 0.039) as well as with the 1-h glucose value (p = 0.012), respectively. In primiparous women daily sunshine hours during the first trimester showed a U-shaped association with the prevalence of GDM independent of pre-pregnancy risk factors. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; OGTT: standard 75 g 2-h glucose tolerance test; SD: standard deviation
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja K Laine
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Vantaa Health Centre, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Saki N, Sarhangi N, Afshari M, Bandarian F, Aghaei Meybodi HR, Hasanzad M. MTNR1B common genetic variant is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Human Physiology of Genetic Defects Causing Beta-cell Dysfunction. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1579-1598. [PMID: 31953147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has revealed hundreds of genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes, many especially with insulin secretion. However, the evidence for their single or combined effect on beta-cell function relies mostly on genetic association of the variants or genetic risk scores with simple traits, and few have been functionally fully characterized even in cell or animal models. Translating the measured traits into human physiology is not straightforward: none of the various indices for beta-cell function or insulin sensitivity recapitulates the dynamic interplay between glucose sensing, endogenous glucose production, insulin production and secretion, insulin clearance, insulin resistance-to name just a few factors. Because insulin sensitivity is a major determinant of physiological need of insulin, insulin secretion should be evaluated in parallel with insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, multiple physiological or pathogenic processes can either mask or unmask subtle defects in beta-cell function. Even in monogenic diabetes, a clearly pathogenic genetic variant can result in different phenotypic characteristics-or no phenotype at all. In this review, we evaluate the methods available for studying beta-cell function in humans, critically examine the evidence linking some identified variants to a specific beta-cell phenotype, and highlight areas requiring further study.
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