Supplementation of EPA and DHA in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Low Cognitive Function Is Strongly Associated with The Intake of EPA and DHA in Adolescent Female Football Players in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Background

Cognitive function refers to an individual's ability to process information, influenced by several factors, including genetics, the environment, and key nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids-specifically Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA).

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between EPA and DHA intake on cognitive function of amateur female adolescent football players in North Sumatra in 2024.

Methods

The research design used was observational analytic involving cross-sectional design. The total sample that participated was 79 amateur female youth football players by filling out the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) questionnaire as a cognitive assessment and filling out the Food Recall for assessing EPA and DHA intake. The analysis used SPSS 29.0 software and the analysis of EPA and DHA food recall used the NutriSurvey application.

Results

The results of this study indicate that there is a strong positive correlation between EPA and DHA intake and the cognitive function of amateur female adolescent football players, with a strong correlation value of r = 0.676 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Eicosapentaenoic Acid and DHA intakes are strongly correlated with cognitive function in amateur female adolescent football players. Focusing on increasing daily EPA and DHA intakes is expected to improve cognitive function, especially in female adolescent athletes.

Effect of fish-oil supplementation on the glycemic and lipidemic profiles of pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

CONTEXT

Pregnant women have physiological metabolic changes in glycemic and lipid profiles that are essential for fetal development.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of fish-oil-capsule supplementation on the glycemic and lipid profiles of pregnant women.

DATA SOURCES

A systematic search was conducted of the MEDLINE (by PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases and gray literature, including preprints for all relevant studies published in English, with no date restrictions.

DATA EXTRACTION

The estimated pooled results were analyzed using a random-effects model and represented by mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analyses were performed with R software, version 4.2.1, using the "Meta" packages, versions 6.0-0.

DATA ANALYSIS

Fifteen eligible studies were included after screening. In a pooled analysis, overall fish-oil supplementation had no effect on parameters compared with placebo. In the subgroup analysis, fish-oil supplementation may be beneficial in insulin (MD: -2.11 IU/mL; 95% CI: -3.86, -0.36) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.71; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.29) indices, with heterogeneity (I2 =0%) among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. In the subgroup with doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) below 200 mg, there was a reduction in HOMA-IR in the intervention group (MD: -0.60; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.06).

CONCLUSION

Pregnant women taking fish-oil capsules showed significant beneficial changes in the subgroups of type 2 diabetes and EPA dosages below 200 mg for insulin and HOMA-IR.

Effects of dietary supplementation in treatment and control of progression and complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials

There is no safe and effective prevention for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) mellitus, which makes it highly dependent on its treatment. This systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigated the overall effects of dietary supplements of vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and non-essential compounds with antioxidant properties, fatty acids, and amino acids in IDDM. Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, The Grey Literature Report, and ClinicaTrials.gov, and citations from previous reviews were used to identify reports published through July 2023. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool was used to analyze the risk of bias and GRADE was used to assess the quality of the results. Fifty-eight studies (n=3,044) were included in qualitative analyses and seventeen (n=723) in meta-analyses. Qualitative analyses showed few positive effects on some metabolic function markers, such as endothelial and renal function and lipid profile. Meta-analyses showed a positive effect of omega-3 on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (RMD=-0.33; 95%CI: -0.53, -0.12, P=0.002; I2=0%; GRADE: low quality; 4 studies) and of vitamin D on fasting C-peptide (FCP) (RMD=0.05; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.9, P=0.023; I2=0%; GRADE: very low quality; 4 studies). Most studies showed bias concern or high risk of bias. A recommendation for dietary supplementation in IDDM cannot be made because of the few positive results within different interventions and markers, the serious risk of bias in the included studies, and the low quality of evidence from meta-analyses. The positive result of vitamin D on FCP is preliminary, requiring further investigation.