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Adejumo T, Ma G, Son T, Kim TH, Le D, Dadzie AK, Ahmed S, Yao X. Adaptive vessel tracing and segmentation in OCT enables the robust detection of wall-to-lumen ratio abnormalities in 5xFAD mice. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6350-6360. [PMID: 38420326 PMCID: PMC10898580 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) of retinal blood vessels promises a sensitive marker for the physiological assessment of eye conditions. However, in vivo measurement of vessel wall thickness and lumen diameter is still technically challenging, hindering the wide application of WLR in research and clinical settings. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) as one practical method for in vivo quantification of WLR in the retina. Based on three-dimensional vessel tracing, lateral en face and axial B-scan profiles of individual vessels were constructed. By employing adaptive depth segmentation that adjusts to the individual positions of each blood vessel for en face OCT projection, the vessel wall thickness and lumen diameter could be reliably quantified. A comparative study of control and 5xFAD mice confirmed WLR as a sensitive marker of the eye condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiloba Adejumo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Guangying Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Taeyoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - David Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Albert K Dadzie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Shaiban Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Dąbrowska E, Narkiewicz K. Hypertension and Dyslipidemia: the Two Partners in Endothelium-Related Crime. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:605-612. [PMID: 37594602 PMCID: PMC10471742 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this article is to characterize the endothelium's role in the development of hypertension and dyslipidemia and to point out promising therapeutic directions. RECENT FINDINGS Dyslipidemia may facilitate the development of hypertension, whereas the collaboration of these two silent killers potentiates the risk of atherosclerosis. The common pathophysiological denominator for hypertension and dyslipidemia is endothelial cell dysfunction, which manifests as dysregulation of homeostasis, redox balance, vascular tone, inflammation, and thrombosis. Treatment focused on mediators acting in these processes might be groundbreaking. Metabolomic research on hypertension and dyslipidemia has revealed new therapeutic targets. State-of-the-art solutions integrating interview, clinical examination, innovative imaging, and omics profiles along with artificial intelligence have been already shown to improve patients' risk stratification and treatment. Pathomechanisms underlying hypertension and dyslipidemia take place in the endothelium. Novel approaches involving endothelial biomarkers and bioinformatics advances could open new perspectives in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Dąbrowska
- Center of Translational Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Center of Translational Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdańsk, Poland
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Banus J, Lorenzi M, Camara O, Sermesant M. Biophysics-based statistical learning: Application to heart and brain interactions. Med Image Anal 2021; 72:102089. [PMID: 34020082 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Initiatives such as the UK Biobank provide joint cardiac and brain imaging information for thousands of individuals, representing a unique opportunity to study the relationship between heart and brain. Most of research on large multimodal databases has been focusing on studying the associations among the available measurements by means of univariate and multivariate association models. However, these approaches do not provide insights about the underlying mechanisms and are often hampered by the lack of prior knowledge on the physiological relationships between measurements. For instance, important indices of the cardiovascular function, such as cardiac contractility, cannot be measured in-vivo. While these non-observable parameters can be estimated by means of biophysical models, their personalisation is generally an ill-posed problem, often lacking critical data and only applied to small datasets. Therefore, to jointly study brain and heart, we propose an approach in which the parameter personalisation of a lumped cardiovascular model is constrained by the statistical relationships observed between model parameters and brain-volumetric indices extracted from imaging, i.e. ventricles or white matter hyperintensities volumes, and clinical information such as age or body surface area. We explored the plausibility of the learnt relationships by inferring the model parameters conditioned on the absence of part of the target clinical features, applying this framework in a cohort of more than 3 000 subjects and in a pathological subgroup of 59 subjects diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Our results demonstrate the impact of such external features in the cardiovascular model personalisation by learning more informative parameter-space constraints. Moreover, physiologically plausible mechanisms are captured through these personalised models as well as significant differences associated to specific clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Banus
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Epione Project-Team, France.
| | - Marco Lorenzi
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Epione Project-Team, France
| | - Oscar Camara
- PhySense group, BCN-MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maxime Sermesant
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, Epione Project-Team, France
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Jung S, Kolwelter J, Bosch A, Cífková R, Harazny JM, Ott C, Achenbach S, Schmieder RE. Hypertrophic remodelling of retinal arterioles in patients with congestive heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1892-1900. [PMID: 33787089 PMCID: PMC8120369 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Analysis of microvascular parameters in the retinal circulation-known to reflect those in the systemic circulation-allows us to differentiate between eutrophic and hypertrophic remodelling of small arteries. This study aimed to examine microvascular changes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduced as well as mid-range ejection fraction. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty subjects with CHF underwent measurement of retinal capillary flow (RCF), wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), vessel and lumen diameter, wall thickness, and wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) of retinal arterioles of the right eye by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF). Applying a matched pair approach, we compared this group with reference values of age-matched controls from a random sample in the population of Pilsen, Czech Republic. There was no significant difference in RCF and WLR between the groups (RCF: P = 0.513; WLR: P = 0.106). In contrast, wall thickness and WCSA, indicators of hypertrophic remodelling, were higher in CHF subjects (WT: 15.0 ± 4.2 vs. 12.7 ± 4.2 μm, P = 0.021; WCSA: 4437.6 ± 1314.5 vs. 3615.9 ± 1567.8 μm2 , P = 0.014). Similarly, vessel (109.4 ± 11.1 vs. 100.5 ± 14.4 μm, P = 0.002) and lumen diameter (79.0 ± 7.9 vs. 75.2 ± 8.5 μm, P = 0.009) were increased in CHF. CONCLUSIONS In CHF subjects, we observed hypertrophic remodelling of retinal arterioles indicative of similar changes of small resistance arteries in the systemic circulation. Microvascular structure and function assessed by SLDF may thereby represent a useful, non-invasive method for monitoring of microvascular damage in patients with CHF and may offer innovative treatment targets for new CHF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jung
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julie Kolwelter
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bosch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Renata Cífková
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Medicine II, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna M Harazny
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Paracelsus Medical School, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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Dąbrowska E, Harazny JM, Miszkowska-Nagórna E, Stefański A, Graff B, Kunicka K, Świerblewska E, Rojek A, Szyndler A, Gąsecki D, Wolf J, Gruchała M, Laurent S, Schmieder RE, Narkiewicz K. Aortic stiffness is not only associated with structural but also functional parameters of retinal microcirculation. Microvasc Res 2020; 129:103974. [PMID: 31923388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.103974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that alterations in large arteries are associated with microvascular remodelling and decreased retinal capillary blood flow. METHODS The study group comprised of 88 patients with essential hypertension and 32 healthy controls. Retinal microcirculation was evaluated by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. Macrovascular changes were assessed on the basis of arterial stiffness measurement (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), its hemodynamic consequences (central pulse pressure, augmentation pressure, augmentation index) and intima media thickness of common carotid artery. RESULTS Pulse wave velocity was inversely correlated to mean retinal capillary blood flow in hypertensive patients (R = -0.32, p < 0.01). This relationship remained significant in multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for age, sex, central systolic blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (β = -31.27, p < 0.001). Lumen diameter (LD) of retinal arterioles was significantly smaller in hypertensive then normotensive subjects (79.4 vs. 83.8, p = 0.03). Central and brachial systolic, diastolic and mean BPs were significantly correlated with LD and outer diameter of retinal arterioles. The relationship between LD and central BPs remained significant in multivariate analysis (β = -0.15, p = 0.03 for cSBP; β = -0.22, p = 0.04 for cDBP; β = -0.21, p = 0.03 for cMBP). Moreover, in a subgroup with cardiac damage central and brachial pulse pressure were positively associated with retinal wall thickness, wall cross sectional area, and wall to lumen ratio. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study provides a strong evidence that microcirculation is coupled with macrocirculation not only in terms of structural but also functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Dąbrowska
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; First Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Joanna M Harazny
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland; Clinical Research Centre, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Univerity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Eliza Miszkowska-Nagórna
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrian Stefański
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Graff
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kunicka
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Świerblewska
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rojek
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Szyndler
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gąsecki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Wolf
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Gruchała
- First Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Roland E Schmieder
- Clinical Research Centre, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Univerity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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