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Mascaro JS, Florian MP, Brauer E, Palmer PK, Ash MJ, Shelton M, Palitsky R, Kaplan DM, Rana S, Escoffery C, Raison CL, Grant GH. A mixed-method evaluation of implementation determinants for chaplain intervention in a hospital setting. J Health Care Chaplain 2024; 30:226-244. [PMID: 38620020 PMCID: PMC11213669 DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2024.2323375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Healthcare chaplains address broad social and emotional dimensions of care within a pluralistic religious landscape. Although the development and evaluation of chaplaincy interventions has advanced the field, little research has investigated factors influencing the implementation of new chaplain interventions. In this mixed-method study, we examined attitudes about evidence-based interventions held by chaplain residents (n = 39) at the outset of an ACPE-accredited residency program in the southeast United States. We also used semi-structured interviews (n = 9) to examine residents' attitudes, beliefs, and decision-making processes after they trained in the delivery of a novel manualized intervention, Compassion-Centered Spiritual Health (CCSH). Most residents reported favorable attitudes toward manualized approaches prior to training. Interviews revealed complex decision-making processes and highlighted personal motivations and challenges to learning and implementing CCSH. Implementation science can reveal factors related to motivation, intention, and training that may be optimized to improve the implementation of healthcare chaplaincy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Mascaro
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marianne P Florian
- Department of Religious Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erin Brauer
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patricia K Palmer
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcia J Ash
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maureen Shelton
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roman Palitsky
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deanna M Kaplan
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shaheen Rana
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cam Escoffery
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles L Raison
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - George H Grant
- Department of Spiritual Health, Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Stephens CWB, Miller S. Assessing Impact Amongst Chaplains in a University Setting: Phase One of an Action Research Project. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2024; 78:24-34. [PMID: 38291672 PMCID: PMC11168014 DOI: 10.1177/15423050241228302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This article reports findings from an action research project in which a university chaplaincy team explored the desirability and viability of assessing their impact. It uncovers a complexity in chaplains' understandings about their role and - chief amongst their fears - belief that quantitative measures can be harmful to pastoral and spiritual work. It also reveals a sense of institutional accountability and a desire to engage with processes for determining and articulating chaplaincy's value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sue Miller
- Susanna Wesley Foundation, Southlands College, London, UK
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3
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Miller S, Stephens CWB. Assessing Impact Amongst Chaplains in a University Setting: Phase Two of an Action Research Project. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2024; 78:35-46. [PMID: 38317279 PMCID: PMC11168015 DOI: 10.1177/15423050241228305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This article, the result of an Action Research project, describes the process of creating and testing a resource for assessing the contribution of chaplaincy in a British university setting, and the resultant insights and outcomes: organisational and individual learning, changes in chaplains' attitudes to monitoring and evaluation, and a resource which is perceived as having benefits and limitations. This article considers the evaluation process as applied to chaplaincy and offers a model for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Miller
- Susanna Wesley Foundation, Southlands College, London, UK
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4
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van Dijke J, Duyndam J, van Nistelrooij I, Bos P. "We Need to Talk About Empathy": Dutch Humanist Chaplains' Perspectives on Empathy's Functions, Downsides, and Limitations in Chaplaincy Care. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2022; 76:15-28. [PMID: 35068263 DOI: 10.1177/15423050221074271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the functions, downsides, and limitations of empathy in chaplaincy care. Data were collected from 20 humanist chaplains working in health care, prison, and military settings using semi-structured interviews. According to the participants, empathy is at the heart of their profession but has disadvantages as well. The analysis yields seven major functions of empathy with corresponding downsides and limitations: (1) to connect, (2) to understand, (3) to guide, (4) to acknowledge, (5) to motivate, (6) to inspire, and (7) to humanize. We argue for a need to "talk about empathy" since despite its importance and challenges, there is little professional and academic discussion about empathy in chaplaincy care. We hope that the findings of this study can function as starting points for the discussion and thus contribute to the ongoing professionalization of chaplaincy care. To that end, we propose three topics for further reflection and conversation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Duyndam
- Philosophy, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pien Bos
- Research Methodology, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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5
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Higgins E, Coyne HL, Rogers CKM, Infanzon J, Velez N, Coyne P. The CASH assessment tool: A window into existential suffering. J Health Care Chaplain 2021; 28:482-496. [PMID: 34011243 DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2021.1922980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiritual beliefs and practices have long served as a critical component of treating or managing serious illness. There is evidence to suggest that patients would like healthcare professionals to address their existential and spiritual needs. The CASH Assessment Tool focuses on four key areas of spiritual concern: Care, Assistance/Help, Stress, and Hopes/Fears. In this QI Project, a palliative care team within an urban, safety net, tertiary-care, and academic healthcare setting sought to elicit themes from the CASH assessment used by chaplains caring for patients with serious illnesses. Thirty patients were included in the pilot. Themes identified included knowing the patient as a person, concern about loved ones, concern about pain, and fear of death. We found that the CASH Assessment Tool was able to demonstrate the existential concerns of patients and serve as a framework for discussion about concerns and hopes of patients with serious illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Higgins
- Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hannah L Coyne
- Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - James Infanzon
- Medical School, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas Velez
- Undergraduate, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick Coyne
- Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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6
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Hamill Howard E, Schwartz R, Feldstein B, Grudzen M, Klein L, Piderman KM, Wang D. Harnessing the Chaplain's Capacity to Identify Unmet Palliative Needs of Vulnerable Older Adults in the Emergency Department. J Palliat Care 2021; 37:480-485. [PMID: 33818162 DOI: 10.1177/08258597211003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore chaplains' ability to identify unmet palliative care (PC) needs in older emergency department (ED) patients. METHODS A palliative chaplain-fellow conducted a retrospective chart review evaluating 580 ED patients, age ≥80 using the Palliative Care and Rapid Emergency Screening (P-CaRES) tool. An emergency medicine physician and chaplain-fellow screened 10% of these charts to provide a clinical assessment. One year post-study, charts were re-examined to identify which patients received PC consultation (PCC) or died, providing an objective metric for comparing predicted needs with services received. RESULTS Within one year of ED presentation, 31% of the patient sub-sample received PCC; 17% died. Forty percent of deceased patients did not receive PCC. Of this 40%, chaplain screening for P-CaRES eligibility correctly identified 75% of the deceased as needing PCC. CONCLUSION Establishing chaplain-led PC screenings as standard practice in the ED setting may improve end-of-life care for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Schwartz
- WellMD Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Feldstein
- Spiritual Care Service, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Jewish Chaplaincy Services serving Stanford Medicine, a program of Jewish Family & Children's Services of San Francisco, the Peninsula, Marin and Sonoma Counties, CA, USA
| | - Marita Grudzen
- Stanford Geriatric Education Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lori Klein
- Spiritual Care Service, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine M Piderman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Transforming Chaplaincy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Wang
- Palliative Medicine, Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
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7
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Tan H, Rumbold B, Gardner F, Snowden A, Glenister D, Forest A, Bossie C, Wyles L. Understanding the outcomes of spiritual care as experienced by patients. J Health Care Chaplain 2020; 28:147-161. [DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2020.1793095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Tan
- Spiritual Health Association, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce Rumbold
- School of Psychology and Pastoral Care, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Gardner
- School of Social Work, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Austyn Snowden
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier Universisy, Scotland, UK
| | - David Glenister
- Pastoral Care, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Annie Forest
- Pastoral Care, St Vincent’s Public Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig Bossie
- Pastoral Care, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lynda Wyles
- Pastoral Care, St John of God Hospital, Bendigo, Australia
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8
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Prazak M, Herbel DO. The role of military chaplaincy in addressing service member help avoidance: A critical review with treatment implications. J Health Care Chaplain 2020; 28:108-127. [PMID: 32692302 DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2020.1793094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The problem of suicide and mental health difficulties generally among military service members has a prominent and central role at present. Notoriously, suicides have long represented more military deaths than actual combat. However, despite attempts to address this and related difficulties, the problem continues to rise, rather than subsist. The present review begins with an exploration of the severity and prevalence of mental health difficulties in the military, with a focus on suicide and trauma in particular. It then identifies and expands upon the three key barriers to help-seeking within a military context, and applies the aforementioned discussion to the valuable but understudied and underutilized role of healthcare chaplaincy in a military setting. Discussion of the steps that may be taken to better communicate the value and function of healthcare chaplaincy across the service from leadership to service members follows.
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9
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Taniyama Y, Becker C, Takahashi H, Tokumaru S, Suzuki I, Okui K, Gohori J, Imai Y, Morita T. Listening to Sutra-Chanting Reduces Bereavement Stress in Japan. J Health Care Chaplain 2019; 27:105-117. [PMID: 31456507 DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2019.1653637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Buddhist Chaplains chanting sutras after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 often encountered survivors who felt that hearing sutra chanting itself ameliorated their bereavement grief. This research is the first experimental examination of the effects of sutra chanting on listeners' bereavement stress. Prior research demonstrates that sudden pet loss causes bereavement stress in students and that physiological stress can be noninvasively measured by salivary alpha-amylase. We asked Japanese college students to raise pet goldfish until they developed an attachment to them, then confiscated the fish, and told the students that they had to be killed. To compare the bereavement stress of groups listening and not listening to sutra chanting, we used psychological and salivary analyses. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Multidimensional Empathy Scale (MES), and State half of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) psychological scales showed no statistically significant differences between sutra and control groups, but salivary analyses indicated measurable stress reduction in the sutra-listening group only. This pilot study tentatively confirmed the hypothesis that listening to Buddhist sutra chanting reduces Japanese bereavement stress. Further research is needed both to verify these stress-reduction effects and to determine whether such effects are primarily musical or cultural/spiritual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozo Taniyama
- Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carl Becker
- Policy Science, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hara Takahashi
- Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Iwayumi Suzuki
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Josef Gohori
- Asia Center for Social Work Research, Shukutoku University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yosuke Imai
- Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Japan
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10
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Snider E, Erenay A, St James O'Connor T, Dotzert C, Hong S, Smith R, Dolson L, Foulger MP. Evidence-Based Spiritual Care Practice in the Canadian Context: Twenty Years Later. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2019; 73:88-95. [PMID: 31189450 DOI: 10.1177/1542305019843239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reviews developments, strengths and challenges in evidence-based spiritual care practice (EBSCP) using a hermeneutical method which compares and interprets a variety of written texts. EBSCP originated from evidence-based medicine (EBM) developed at McMaster University and was adopted as evidence-based practice (EBP) by multiple professional disciplines. EBSCP was first addressed in Canada and American spiritual care researchers in the US have since advanced EBSCP. Questions are raised about processes of integrating EBSCP in a Canadian context as well as areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Snider
- Canadian Association for Spiritual Care, Canada
| | - Ayse Erenay
- Canadian Association for Spiritual Care, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Smith
- Canadian Association for Spiritual Care, Canada
| | - Lisa Dolson
- Canadian Association for Spiritual Care, Canada
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11
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Torke AM, Maiko S, Watson BN, Ivy SS, Burke ES, Montz K, Rush SA, Slaven JE, Kozinski K, Axel-Adams R, Cottingham A. The Chaplain Family Project: Development, Feasibility, and Acceptability of an Intervention to Improve Spiritual Care of Family Surrogates. J Health Care Chaplain 2019; 25:147-170. [DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2019.1580979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia M. Torke
- Daniel F. Evans Center for Spiritual and Religious Values in Healthcare, Indiana University (IU) Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
- Fairbanks Center for Medical Ethics, IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Saneta Maiko
- Daniel F. Evans Center for Spiritual and Religious Values in Healthcare, Indiana University (IU) Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Fairbanks Center for Medical Ethics, IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Spiritual Care and Chaplaincy Services, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Beth N. Watson
- Indiana Conference of the United Methodist Church, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Steven S. Ivy
- Christian Theological Seminary, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emily S. Burke
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kianna Montz
- Fairbanks Center for Medical Ethics, IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sarah A. Rush
- Daniel F. Evans Center for Spiritual and Religious Values in Healthcare, Indiana University (IU) Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James E. Slaven
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathryn Kozinski
- Department of Spiritual Care and Chaplaincy Services, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robyn Axel-Adams
- Fairbanks Center for Medical Ethics, IU Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ann Cottingham
- Center for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
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12
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Kittelson S, Scarton L, Barker P, Hauser J, O'Mahony S, Rabow M, Delgado Guay M, Quest TE, Emanuel L, Fitchett G, Handzo G, Yao Y, Chochinov HM, Wilkie D. Dignity Therapy Led by Nurses or Chaplains for Elderly Cancer Palliative Care Outpatients: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e12213. [PMID: 30994466 PMCID: PMC6492061 DOI: 10.2196/12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal is to improve psychosocial and spiritual care outcomes for elderly patients with cancer by optimizing an intervention focused on dignity conservation tasks such as settling relationships, sharing words of love, and preparing a legacy document. These tasks are central needs for elderly patients with cancer. Dignity therapy (DT) has clear feasibility but inconsistent efficacy. DT could be led by nurses or chaplains, the 2 disciplines within palliative care that may be most available to provide this intervention; however, it remains unclear how best it can work in real-life settings. OBJECTIVE We propose a randomized clinical trial whose aims are to (1) compare groups receiving usual palliative care for elderly patients with cancer or usual palliative care with DT for effects on (a) patient outcomes (dignity impact, existential tasks, and cancer prognosis awareness); and (b) processes of delivering palliative spiritual care services (satisfaction and unmet spiritual needs); and (2) explore the influence of physical symptoms and spiritual distress on the outcome effects (dignity impact and existential tasks) of usual palliative care and nurse- or chaplain-led DT. We hypothesize that, controlling for pretest scores, each of the DT groups will have higher scores on the dignity impact and existential task measures than the usual care group; each of the DT groups will have better peaceful awareness and treatment preference more consistent with their cancer prognosis than the usual care group. We also hypothesize that physical symptoms and spiritual distress will significantly affect intervention effects. METHODS We are conducting a 3-arm, pre- and posttest, randomized, controlled 4-step, stepped-wedge design to compare the effects of usual outpatient palliative care and usual outpatient palliative care along with either nurse- or chaplain-led DT on patient outcomes (dignity impact, existential tasks, and cancer prognosis awareness). We will include 560 elderly patients with cancer from 6 outpatient palliative care services across the United States. Using multilevel analysis with site, provider (nurse, chaplain), and time (step) included in the model, we will compare usual care and DT groups for effects on patient outcomes and spiritual care processes and determine the moderating effects of physical symptoms and spiritual distress. RESULTS The funding was obtained in 2016, with participant enrollment starting in 2017. Results are expected in 2021. CONCLUSIONS This rigorous trial of DT will constitute a landmark step in palliative care and spiritual health services research for elderly cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03209440; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03209440. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/12213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri Kittelson
- Center for Palliative Care Research and Education, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lisa Scarton
- Center for Palliative Care Research and Education, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Paige Barker
- Center for Palliative Care Research and Education, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joshua Hauser
- Buehler Center on Aging, Health and Society, Palliative Care, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sean O'Mahony
- Palliative Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael Rabow
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Educaiton in Palliative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marvin Delgado Guay
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson, Houson, TX, United States
| | - Tammie E Quest
- Buehler Center on Aging, Heatlh and Society, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Linda Emanuel
- Buehler Center on Aging, Heatlh and Society, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - George Fitchett
- Department of Religion, Health and Human Values, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - George Handzo
- Health Services Research & Quality, HealthCare Chaplaincy Network, Caring for the Human Spirit TM, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yingewi Yao
- Center for Palliative Care Research and Education, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Harvey Max Chochinov
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Diana Wilkie
- Center for Palliative Care Research and Education, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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13
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Poncin E, Brandt PY, Rouiller F, Drouin M, Dandarova Robert Z. Mapping the Healthcare Chaplaincy Literature: An Analytical Review of Publications Authored by Chaplains and Theologians Between 2000 and 2018. J Health Care Chaplain 2019; 26:16-44. [PMID: 30982461 DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2019.1593722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The body of theoretical and empirical research led by chaplains and theologians between 2000 and 2018 is developing into a rich, diverse, and methodologically rigorous healthcare chaplaincy literature, which this review proposes to map. Online keyword and bibliographical searches and specialist recommendations yielded 199 relevant publications, which we analyzed in terms of methodology, topic, and results. On this basis, this article identifies and describes five key areas of the literature: chaplains' practices, spirituality, research, impact, and healthcare professionals' practices of spiritual care. The discussion further highlights that publications would benefit from greater conceptual clarity, common research standards, and more critical research designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Poncin
- Chaplaincy Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Brandt
- Faculty of Theology and Religious Sciences, Institute for Social Sciences of Religions, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Rouiller
- Chaplaincy Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Drouin
- Chaplaincy Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhargalma Dandarova Robert
- Faculty of Theology and Religious Sciences, Institute for Social Sciences of Religions, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Fleenor D, Terry K, Sharma V, Marin D. Prevalence of Journal Clubs: A Survey of Clinical Pastoral Education Residencies in the United States. J Health Care Chaplain 2019; 26:72-86. [PMID: 30915919 DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2019.1582210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Journal clubs are an established and effective method of promoting research literacy and evidence-based practice in the medical field. However, their use in clinical pastoral education (CPE) residencies is relatively new and largely unstudied. In 2016 we surveyed 201 ACPE certified educators of CPE residency programs throughout the United States. Eighty-eight certified educators participated in this first-of-its-kind study. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and structure of existing CPE journal clubs and establish baseline data to determine the effectiveness of future programs for increasing research literacy. Seventy-three percent of respondents indicated they did not have a journal club. Journal clubs that do exist tend to meet at least monthly and last one to two hours. Chaplains, certified educators, or chaplain residents lead the majority of journal clubs. Seventy percent of respondents whose programs had journal clubs indicated they were interested to learn more about journal clubs. Journal clubs do not appear to be common in CPE residencies and chaplains may feel unprepared to lead them. CPE journal clubs would likely be strengthened by collaboration with other disciplines and from additional training for CPE certified educators. We offer suggestions to this end as well as areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fleenor
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen Terry
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vanshdeep Sharma
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deborah Marin
- Center for Spirituality and Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Drescher KD, Currier JM, Nieuwsma JA, McCormick W, Carroll TD, Sims BM, Cauterucio C. A Qualitative Examination of VA Chaplains' Understandings and Interventions Related to Moral Injury in Military Veterans. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:2444-2460. [PMID: 30094678 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examines VA chaplains' understandings of moral injury (MI) and preferred intervention strategies. Drawing qualitative responses with a nationally-representative sample, content analyses indicated that chaplains' definitions of MI comprised three higher order clusters: (1) MI events, (2) mechanisms in development of MI, and (3) warning signs of MI. Similarly, chaplains' intervention foci could be grouped into three categories: (1) pastoral/therapeutic presence, (2) implementing specific interventions, and (3) therapeutic processes to promote moral repair. Findings are discussed related to emerging conceptualizations of MI, efforts to adapt existing evidence-based interventions to better address MI, and the potential benefits of better integrating chaplains into VA mental health service delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent D Drescher
- National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System (MAILSTOP - NCPTSD-334), 795 Willow Rd., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Joseph M Currier
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jason A Nieuwsma
- Mental Health and Chaplaincy Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, Education and Clinical Center, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wesley McCormick
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | - Brook M Sims
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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Willemse S, Smeets W, van Leeuwen E, Janssen L, Foudraine N. Spiritual Care in the ICU: Perspectives of Dutch Intensivists, ICU Nurses, and Spiritual Caregivers. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:583-595. [PMID: 28801715 PMCID: PMC5854753 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Since there are no scientific data available about the role of spiritual care (SC) in Dutch ICUs, the goal of this quantitative study was twofold: first, to map the role of SC as a part of daily adult ICU care in The Netherlands from the perspective of intensivists, ICU nurses, and spiritual caregivers and second, to identify similarities and differences among these three perspectives. This study is the quantitative part of a mixed methods approach. To conduct empirical quantitative cohort research, separate digital questionnaires were sent to three different participant groups in Dutch ICUs, namely intensivists, ICU nurses, and spiritual caregivers working in academic and general hospitals and one specialist oncology hospital. Overall, 487 participants of 85 hospitals (99 intensivists, 290 ICU nurses, and 98 spiritual caregivers) responded. The majority of all respondents (>70%) considered the positive effects of SC provision to patients and relatives: contribution to mental well-being, processing and channeling of emotions, and increased patient and family satisfaction. The three disciplines diverged in their perceptions of how SC is currently evolving in terms of information, assessment, and provision. Nationwide, SC is not implemented in daily ICU care. The majority of respondents, however, attached great importance to interdisciplinary collaboration. In their view SC contributes positively to the well-being of patients and relatives in the ICU. Further qualitative research into how patients and relatives experience SC in the ICU is required in order to implement and standardize SC as a scientifically based integral part of daily ICU care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Willemse
- Spiritual Care Department, VieCuri Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1926, 5900 BX Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Smeets
- Department of Spiritual and Pastoral Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, EZ 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Evert van Leeuwen
- Department of Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, EZ 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Janssen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1926, 5900 BX Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Foudraine
- Department of Critical Care, VieCuri Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1926, 5900 BX Venlo, The Netherlands
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Damen A, Delaney A, Fitchett G. Research Priorities for Healthcare Chaplaincy: Views of U.S. Chaplains. J Health Care Chaplain 2017; 24:57-66. [DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2017.1399597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fitchett G. Recent Progress in Chaplaincy-Related Research. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2017; 71:163-175. [PMID: 28893170 DOI: 10.1177/1542305017724811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In light of the continued growth of chaplaincy-related research this paper presents an overview of important findings. The review summarizes research in six broad areas: what chaplains do; the importance of religion and spiritual care to patients and families; the impact of chaplains' spiritual care on the patient experience; the impact of chaplain care on other patient outcomes; spiritual needs and chaplain care in palliative and end of life care; and chaplain care for staff colleagues. It concludes with a description of several innovative and important new studies of chaplain care and notes areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fitchett
- Department of Religion, Health and Human Values, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Snowden A, Fitchett G, Grossoehme DH, Handzo G, Kelly E, King SDW, Telfer I, Tan H, Flannelly KJ. International Study of Chaplains’ Attitudes About Research. J Health Care Chaplain 2016; 23:34-43. [DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2016.1250556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pesut B, Sinclair S, Fitchett G, Greig M, Koss SE. Health Care Chaplaincy: A Scoping Review of the Evidence 2009-2014. J Health Care Chaplain 2016; 22:67-84. [PMID: 26901281 DOI: 10.1080/08854726.2015.1133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence investigating chaplaincy services. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the empirical literature specific to the role of chaplaincy within health care published since 2009. Electronic searches of four databases were conducted in August 2015. After screening, 48 studies were retained and reviewed. Four themes emerged: experiences and perceptions of the health care chaplain (n = 15), chaplain practice (n = 9), emerging areas of health care chaplaincy (n = 16), and outcome studies (n = 8). Studies were diverse in topics covered, methods, national contexts, and clinical settings. The majority were descriptive in nature. Evidence continues to demonstrate a relationship between chaplains and increased patient satisfaction. Nascent areas of research include chaplain's role with diverse populations, involvement in clinical ethics, and confidence with research and evidence-based practice. Few conclusions can be drawn from the limited evidence on the outcomes of chaplain interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pesut
- a School of Nursing, Canada Research Chair, Health, Ethics and Diversity , University of British Columbia , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Shane Sinclair
- b Faculty of Nursing, Cancer Care Research Professorship , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - George Fitchett
- c Department of Religion, Health, and Human Values , Rush University Medical Center , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Madeleine Greig
- d School of Nursing , University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Sarah E Koss
- e Harvard Divinity School , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
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