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El-Elimat T, Al-Khawlani AR, Al-Sawalha NA, Sa'ed MM, Al-Qiam R, Sharie AHA, Qinna NA. The effect of beetroot juice on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14381. [PMID: 35976974 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of beetroot juice on airways inflammation, cytokine levels, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated using an allergen-induced murine model of asthma. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice were used as an asthma model. BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into four groups: control (Ova sensitization and normal saline challenge), control and beetroot (Ova sensitization and normal saline challenge plus beetroot juice), Ova S/C [Ova sensitization and challenge (Ova S/C)], Ova S/C and beetroot juice (Ova S/C plus beetroot juice). The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for total and differential inflammatory cells count. The levels of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-10, IL-13, and IL-18], and oxidative stress biomarkers [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)] were analyzed in the lung tissue. Simultaneous administration of beetroot juice and Ova S/C significantly increased the total inflammatory cells compared to the control (p = .0001) and Ova S/C (p = .013) groups and significantly increased the number of eosinophils (p ˂ .0001) and macrophages (p ˂ .0001) compared to the control. Moreover, the simultaneous administration of beetroot juice and Ova S/C did not affect the level of IL-10, IL-13, IL-18, GPx, or TBARS compared to the control (p > .05), but it significantly increased the level of catalase (p = .002). Results suggest that beetroot juice aggravates asthma by enhancing airway inflammation. However, it does not affect airway inflammation in healthy mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that is characterized by variable degrees of airways inflammation and obstruction. Paradox data are reported in the literature regarding beetroot and asthma. The present study revealed that beetroot juice exacerbates asthma by enhancing airway inflammation. However, it is safe and has no effects on airway inflammation in healthy mice. Patients having asthma or a history of asthma are advised to avoid the consumption of beetroot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamam El-Elimat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Marwan M Sa'ed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reema Al-Qiam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed H Al Sharie
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Al-Sawalha NA, Karaoghlanian N, Shihadeh A, Eissenberg T. Time course of changes in inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in lung tissue of mice induced by exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1484-1490. [PMID: 36518450 PMCID: PMC9742872 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become a popular way to smoke all over the world. Chronic exposure to e-cigarette aerosol may influence lung health. This study uses an animal model to explore the time course of the effect of exposure to e-cigarette aerosols on the lung. Methods Lung samples were collected after exposure of Balb/c mice to e-cigarette aerosols for 1 h/day (6 times/week) for 1, 2 and 4 weeks and compared to sham-exposed controls. Examined biomarkers including inflammatory cells, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results Exposure of animals to e-cigarette aerosols induced significant increases (P < 0.05) in total inflammatory cells, eosinophils, macrophages and TNFα in the lung tissue after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of exposure. Furthermore, level of IL-10 significantly decreased, whereas levels of neutrophils and basophils significantly increased (P < 0.05) after 1 week of exposure. Exposure of animals to e-cigarette aerosol also induced significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and GPx levels after 2 and 4 weeks of exposures. The activity of catalase was also reduced (P < 0.05) after 4 weeks of exposure. Level of TBARS showed a trend of elevation with time and it reached a significant elevation after 4 weeks (P < 0.01). Conclusion Current results indicate that inhalation of unflavored e-cigarette aerosol might be associated with inflammation in lung tissue that worsen as the duration of exposure increases. Further experiments including more time points, histopathology and pulmonary physiology experiments are needed to confirm the current results.
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Key Words
- Aerosol
- BALF, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- E-cigarettes
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- GSSG, Oxidized glutathione
- IL-10
- IL-10, Interleukin-10
- IL-6
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- Lung
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TNFα
- TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor α
- e-cigarettes, Electronic cigarette
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,Correspondence to: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nour A. Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nareg Karaoghlanian
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alan Shihadeh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Ghobadi H, Rostami R, Saranjam B, Aslani MR, Fazlzadeh M, Ghaffari HR. Urinary concentrations of BTEX in waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers: Investigating the influence of conventional activities and multiple factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113717. [PMID: 35679732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds in the urine of smokers and the control group considering the role of age, weight, job, history of waterpipe and cigarette smoking, and driving time. The chemicals in the urine of 99 smokers and 31 nonsmokers were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction method and their concentrations were measured by liquid injection GC/MS. The mean concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and total BTEX in waterpipe smokers were found to be 471.40, 670.90, 127.91, 167.64, 90.62, 46.04, and 1574.50 ng/g. creatinine, respectively. For the waterpipe&cigarette smokers, the concentration of the compounds were 708.00, 959.00, 146.40, 192.50, 93.30, 53.07, and 2152.00 ng/g.creatinine, respectively. For nonsmokers the concentrations of these compounds were 88.12, 140.40, 36.68, 57.29, 31.53, 26.21, and 380.30 ng/g.creatinine, respectively. Driving time, waterpipe smoking and cigarette smoking were positively associated with BTEX concentration (p < 0.05). Fruity tobacco showed higher concentrations of BTEX compared to the regular tobacco, and athlete persons had les urinary BTEX than the non-athletes. There was not significant correlation between the BTEX and age, height, weight, and BMI. High concentrations of BTEX compounds in the urine of waterpipe and cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers indicate that waterpipe and cigarette can be an important source of exposure to these compounds and the known adverse effects of these compounds, especially carcinogenicity, threaten the health of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghobadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Roohollah Rostami
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Behzad Saranjam
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fazlzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Ghaffari
- Tobacco and Health research center, Hormozgan university of medical sciences, Bandar abbas, Iran.
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Zaarour RF, Sharda M, Azakir B, Hassan Venkatesh G, Abou Khouzam R, Rifath A, Nizami ZN, Abdullah F, Mohammad F, Karaali H, Nawafleh H, Elsayed Y, Chouaib S. Genomic Analysis of Waterpipe Smoke-Induced Lung Tumor Autophagy and Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126848. [PMID: 35743294 PMCID: PMC9225041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy in lung cancer cells exposed to waterpipe smoke (WPS) is not known. Because of the important role of autophagy in tumor resistance and progression, we investigated its relationship with WP smoking. We first showed that WPS activated autophagy, as reflected by LC3 processing, in lung cancer cell lines. The autophagy response in smokers with lung adenocarcinoma, as compared to non-smokers with lung adenocarcinoma, was investigated further using the TCGA lung adenocarcinoma bulk RNA-seq dataset with the available patient metadata on smoking status. The results, based on a machine learning classification model using Random Forest, indicate that smokers have an increase in autophagy-activating genes. Comparative analysis of lung adenocarcinoma molecular signatures in affected patients with a long-term active exposure to smoke compared to non-smoker patients indicates a higher tumor mutational burden, a higher CD8+ T-cell level and a lower dysfunction level in smokers. While the expression of the checkpoint genes tested-PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2 and CTLA-4-remains unchanged between smokers and non-smokers, B7-1, B7-2, IDO1 and CD200R1 were found to be higher in non-smokers than smokers. Because multiple factors in the tumor microenvironment dictate the success of immunotherapy, in addition to the expression of immune checkpoint genes, our analysis explains why patients who are smokers with lung adenocarcinoma respond better to immunotherapy, even though there are no relative differences in immune checkpoint genes in the two groups. Therefore, targeting autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma patients, in combination with checkpoint inhibitor-targeted therapies or chemotherapy, should be considered in smoker patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Faouzi Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Mohak Sharda
- National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
- School of Life Science, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences & Technology (TDU), Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Bilal Azakir
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon; (B.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Goutham Hassan Venkatesh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Raefa Abou Khouzam
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Ayesha Rifath
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Zohra Nausheen Nizami
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Fatima Abdullah
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Fatin Mohammad
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hajar Karaali
- Molecular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon; (B.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Husam Nawafleh
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Yehya Elsayed
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences (BCE), American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates; (R.F.Z.); (G.H.V.); (R.A.K.); (A.R.); (Z.N.N.); (F.A.); (F.M.); (H.N.)
- Inserm Umr 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence:
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5
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Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang Y, Su X, Lei T, Yu H, Liu J. Diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in differentiating the asthma-COPD overlap from COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 16:679-687. [PMID: 34821171 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2011221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) account for 15-20% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the incidence increases with age. Patients with ACO have worse outcomes without proper treatment than those with COPD alone. However, the current diagnostic criteria of ACO are mainly based on symptom features and lack of objective indicators. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was higher in ACO than in COPD alone. Thus, this study aims to determine the diagnostic value of FeNO in differentiating ACO from COPD and assisting clinical decision-making. METHODS We conducted searches in the databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase to extract original studies. RESULTS In all, 10 studies involving 1335 participants were included in this meta-analysis. FeNO level was significantly higher in ACO patients than in patients with COPD alone (WMD = 11.15ppb, 95%CI = 9.01‒13.28; I2 = 18.0%, p = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of FeNO in distinguishing ACO from COPD were both 0.71, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.76, indicating that FeNO has moderate diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ACO from COPD. CONCLUSION FeNO as an inflammatory biomarker is effective in differentiating ACO from COPD and assisting in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Haichuan Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
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6
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Waterpipe tobacco smoke and health: What we have learned from rodent models? Life Sci 2021; 284:119898. [PMID: 34453942 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Waterpipe smoking (WPS) is a popular form of tobacco smoking. This is due to the misperception that WPS is less detrimental than cigarette smoking. This review aimed to present the adverse effects of WPS on health outcomes through utilizing animal models. MAIN METHODS The design of the current study is systematic review. PubMed, HINARI, Google, and SCOPUS databases were searched for the adverse effects of WPS on general health in rodents. Certain key information was extracted and collected from the included studies. KEY FINDINGS After screening different databases and removal of duplicates, 43 papers were included in this review. It was found that WPS was able to negatively affect the oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in mice. Furthermore, WPS increased the levels of Tumor necrosis factor-α and 8-isoprostane, and DNA damage in mice lung homogenates. Additionally, chronic exposure to WPS increased the serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in mice; indicating injury to renal tissues. The negative effect of WPS extends to affect offspring rats following prenatal WPS, in which WPS in utero lead to remarkable increase in the levels of testosterone, estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormones in WPS exposed animals. SIGNIFICANCE This systematic review highlighted the adverse effects of WPS on health outcomes at cellular and biochemical levels in different tissues and organs of rodents. The current reviews' findings highlighted the great hazards presented by WPS in the selected rodents' model and the essential necessity for future improved management of WPS indoor consumption.
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Taha HR, Al-Sawalha NA, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF. Effect of E-Cigarette aerosol exposure on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:503-511. [PMID: 33297792 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1856238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The popularity of electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs) smoking is increasing worldwide including patients with asthma. In this study, the effects of E-Cigs aerosol exposure on airway inflammation in an allergen-driven murine model of asthma were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to; control group (received fresh air, Ovalbumin (Ova) sensitization and saline challenge), E-Cig group (received E-Cig aerosol, Ova sensitization, and saline challenge), Ova S/C group (received fresh air, Ova sensitization and Ova challenge) and E-Cig + Ova S/C group. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were evaluated for inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators, respectively. RESULTS Exposure to E-Cig aerosol significantly increased the number of all types of inflammatory cells in BALF (p < 0.05). Further, E-Cig aerosol reduced levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in lung tissue homogenate (p < 0.05). Combined E-Cig aerosol and Ova S/C increased the airway recruitment of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes (p < 0.05), increased the level of interleukin (IL)-13, and reduced the level of TGF-β1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS E-Cig aerosol exposure induced airway inflammation in both control mice and allergen-driven murine model of asthma. The inflammatory response induced by E-Cig was slightly higher in allergen-driven murine model of asthma than in healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda R Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Li M, Yang T, He R, Li A, Dang W, Liu X, Chen M. The Value of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Differentiating Asthma-COPD Overlap from COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:3025-3037. [PMID: 33244228 PMCID: PMC7685357 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s273422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of inflammatory biomarkers in differentiating patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) from those with COPD alone. Methods Clinical data of 134 patients with COPD and 48 patients with ACO admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2016 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the best cut-off values of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophil counts (EOS), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for differentiating between ACO and COPD alone. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between these inflammatory biomarkers and the forced expiratory volume in one second/prediction (FEV1%pred). Results FeNO and EOS in the ACO patients were significantly higher than those in the COPD patients (FeNO: median 37.50 vs 24.50 ppb, P < 0.001; EOS: median 0.20 vs 0.10 ×109/L, P = 0.004). FeNO was positively correlated with FEV1%pred (r = 0.314, P = 0.030), while NLR was negatively correlated with FEV1%pred (r = -0.372, P = 0.009) in patients with ACO. In addition, a positive correlation between FeNO and EOS was also found in ACO, especially in patients without history of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) use (r = 0.682, P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of FeNO was 31.5 ppb (AUC = 0.758, 95% CI = 0.631-0.886) in patients with smoking history, with 70.0% sensitivity and 89.9% specificity for differentiating ACO from COPD. In patients without history of ICS use, the best cut-off value of FeNO was 39.5 ppb (AUC = 0.740, 95% CI = 0.610-0.870), with 58.3% sensitivity and 84.9% specificity. Among patients without history of ICS use and smoking, 27.5 ppb was optimal cut-off level for FeNO (AUC = 0.744, 95% CI = 0.579-0.908) to diagnose ACO, with 81.8% sensitivity and 60.7% specificity, and the sensitivity was improved to 91.7% when FeNO was combined with EOS. Conclusion The inflammatory biomarkers FeNO and EOS can be used as indicators for differentiating between ACO and COPD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Dang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
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9
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Taati B, Arazi H, Suzuki K. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Despite Possible Protective Effects of Exercise Training: A Review of the Literature. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090777. [PMID: 32825755 PMCID: PMC7555522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), which is also known as ghalyan, shisha or hookah, is increasing rapidly around the world, especially among youth. Growing interest in this form of tobacco smoking can be traced, in part, to the use of flavored tobacco products, social acceptability as a safer option than cigarettes, and its consideration as a relaxation method or entertainment. However, there is a well-established association between WTS and oxidative stress that causes irreversible chronic pathological conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory problems, as well as different types of cancers, and thus increases the risk of mortality. Clearly, induction of inflammation status through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn leads to oxidative stress and harm to lipids, DNA, and proteins, is the most plausible mechanism to explain the potential harmful effects of WTS. Unlike WTS, well-designed exercise training programs increase ROS to the extent that it is beneficial to the body. In this study, we aimed to review available evidence on the impact of exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammation status. We also summarize the effect of acute and chronic WTS on different exercise capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Taati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran;
| | - Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-911-139-9207
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
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10
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Reyes-Caballero H, Park B, Loube J, Sanchez I, Vinayachandran V, Choi Y, Woo J, Edwards J, Brinkman MC, Sussan T, Mitzner W, Biswal S. Immune modulation by chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke and immediate-early gene regulation in murine lungs. Tob Control 2019; 29:s80-s89. [PMID: 31852817 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe (WP) smoke on pulmonary function and immune response in a murine model using a research-grade WP and the effects of acute exposure on the regulation of immediate-early genes (IEGs). METHODS WP smoke was generated using three WP smoke puffing regimens based on the Beirut regimen. WP smoke samples generated under these puffing regimens were quantified for nicotine concentration. Mice were chronically exposed for 6 months followed by assessment of pulmonary function and airway inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis using RNAseq was conducted after acute exposure to characterise the IEG response. These biomarkers were then compared with those generated after exposure to dry smoke (without water added to the WP bowl). RESULTS We determined that nicotine composition in WP smoke ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 mg per puffing session. The lung immune response was sensitive to the incremental severity of chronic exposure, with modest decreases in airway inflammatory cells and chemokine levels compared with air-exposed controls. Pulmonary function was unmodified by chronic WP exposure. Acute WP exposure was found to activate the immune response and identified known and novel IEG as potential biomarkers of WP exposure. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to WP smoke leads to immune suppression without significant changes to pulmonary function. Transcriptomic analysis of the lung after acute exposure to WP smoke showed activation of the immune response and revealed IEGs that are common to WP and dry smoke, as well as pools of IEGs unique to each exposure, identifying potential biomarkers specific to WP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Reyes-Caballero
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Loube
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Sanchez
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Edwards
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Thomas Sussan
- Toxicology Directorate, US Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Qasim H, Alarabi AB, Alzoubi KH, Karim ZA, Alshbool FZ, Khasawneh FT. The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:58. [PMID: 31521105 PMCID: PMC6745078 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookah or waterpipe smoking or use is an emerging trend in the US population, especially among the youth. The misperception of hookah being less harmful than cigarettes and the availability of different but "appealing" flavors are considered among the main reasons for this trend. Hookah users however are exposed to many of the same toxic compounds/by-products as cigarette users, but at dramatically higher levels, which might lead to more severe negative health effects. In fact, hookah users are at risks of infections, cancers, lung disease, and other medical conditions. Moreover, because of the overlapping toxicant/chemical profile to conventional cigarettes, hookah smoke effects on the cardiovascular system are thought to be comparable to those of conventional cigarettes. A major source of tobacco addiction is nicotine, whose levels in hookah are extremely variable as they depend on the type of tobacco used. Taken together, in this review of literature, we will provide insights on the negative health effects of hookah in general, with a focus on what is known regarding its impact on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Ahmed B Alarabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA.
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79902, USA.
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12
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Al-Sawalha N, Alzoubi K, Khabour O, Alyacoub W, Almahmmod Y, Eissenberg T. Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke on Learning and Memory of Adult Offspring Rats. Nicotine Tob Res 2019. [PMID: 28637174 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased in prevalence worldwide, including among pregnant women. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal maternal waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure during different stages of pregnancy on learning and memory of adult offspring rats. Methods Pregnant rats received either fresh air or mainstream WTS (2 hours daily) during early, mid, late, or whole gestational period. Male offspring rats were followed through 20 weeks. Outcomes included (1) spatial learning and memory using the radial arm water maze (RAWM), (2) levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, and (3) oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Results Relative to offspring whose mothers were exposed to fresh air, prenatal exposure to WTS at any stage of pregnancy resulted in short- and long-term memory impairment in adult offspring rats (p < .05). This impairment was associated with reduced levels of BDNF in hippocampus (p < .05). However, prenatal WTS did not affect the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in hippocampus. Prenatal WTS during late gestation increased the activity of catalase as compared to control. Conclusion Prenatal maternal WTS exposure can impair the memory of adult male offspring. These results support development of interventions that target pregnant women who smoke waterpipe during pregnancy. Implications We examined for the first time the effect of prenatal waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure on learning and memory of offspring. The results showed that in utero exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke was associated with impaired memory and decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus of adult male offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam Alyacoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yehya Almahmmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Department of Psychology (Health Program) and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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13
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Alshogran OY, Magarbeh LS, Alzoubi KH, Saleh MI, Khabour OF. Evaluation of the impact of waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure on the activity and expression of rat hepatic CYP450: a pharmacokinetic study. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:519-526. [PMID: 30734611 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1569182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoke contains many toxic constituents that can alter drug pharmacokinetics. This study assessed the effect of waterpipe smoke exposure on the activity and expression of CYP450 enzymes in rats. Animals (n = 10/group) were exposed to either waterpipe smoke or side-stream cigarette smoke for 1 h/day (6 days/week) for 31 days, or fresh air (control). An intragastric cocktail solution containing three probe drugs, phenacetin, chlorzoxazone and testosterone was administered to assess the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A, respectively. Serum concentrations were determined using LC-MS/MS and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The mRNA expression of hepatic enzymes was also quantified. Waterpipe and cigarette smoke exposure did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of phenacetin, chlorzoxazone and testosterone. For example, the clearance and drug exposure values were comparable among groups for all probe drugs. Additionally, there was no significant effect of waterpipe and cigarette smoke on mRNA expression of hepatic CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A2. The results demonstrate that waterpipe smoke exposure had no effect on the functional expression of three key CYP450 isoforms in rats. Future research is required with longer exposure periods to waterpipe smoke. Such work serves to enhance current understanding of effect of waterpipe smoke exposure on pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Y Alshogran
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Leen S Magarbeh
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Mohammad I Saleh
- b Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- c Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
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14
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Al-Sawalha NA, Al-Bo'ul HF, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Thanawala VJ. Effect of prenatal waterpipe tobacco smoke on airway inflammation in murine model of asthma of adult offspring mice. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 29:366-373. [PMID: 29039230 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1385113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Worldwide popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking has increased, including in pregnant women. This study investigates the effect of prenatal waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma of adult offspring mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed to fresh air or WTS, using a whole-body exposure system that mimics human use during WTS. Adult male offspring mice were divided into; (1) control (prenatal fresh air, postnatal ovalbumin sensitization and saline challenge), (2) postnatal Ova S/C (prenatal fresh air, postnatal ovalbumin sensitization and challenge (Ova S/C)), (3) prenatal WTS (prenatal WTS, postnatal ovalbumin sensitization and saline challenge) and (4) prenatal WTS + postnatal Ova S/C. Cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cytokines, and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) from lung homogenates were evaluated. RESULTS Prenatal WTS increased recruitment of cells in lungs and levels of SOD and catalase when compared to unexposed offspring's. The levels of cytokines, GPx and TBARS were not affected by prenatal WTS. Prenatal WTS exposure and postnatal Ova S/C increased airway inflammation and activity of SOD compared to control and Ova S/C mice and reduced IL-18 levels compared to Ova S/C mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to WTS induced airway inflammation, further enhanced by a murine model of asthma in adult offspring. Prenatal exposure to WTS adversely affects the lung function of the offspring and careful strategies for increasing public awareness regarding the harmful effects of WTS during pregnancy is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Al-Sawalha
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Hanadi F Al-Bo'ul
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- b Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.,c Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Taibah University , Medina , Saudi Arabia
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15
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Alqudah MAY, Alzoubi KH, Ma’abrih GM, Khabour OF. Vitamin C prevents memory impairment induced by waterpipe smoke: role of oxidative stress. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:141-148. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1474977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ghida’a M. Ma’abrih
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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16
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Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Al-Sawalha N, Ahmad MB, Shihadeh A, Eissenberg T. The effect of chronic exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke on airway inflammation in mice. Life Sci 2018; 200:110-114. [PMID: 29555589 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute exposure of experimental animals to waterpipe tobacco smoke has been shown to induce lung inflammation and injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in the mouse lung. METHOD Using a whole-body exposure system, animals were exposed to waterpipe smoke for 6 weeks with a one-hour daily exposure for 5 days a week. RESULTS Exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke induced the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the airway. Significant elevation in macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of exposed animals (P < 0.01). Furthermore, levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the lung homogenates were elevated (P < 0.05). Finally, waterpipe smoking altered the levels of a panel of inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 biomarkers in the lung of exposed animals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results support the notion that waterpipe tobacco smoking exerts harmful respiratory health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nour Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Bani Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Alan Shihadeh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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17
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Machaalani R, Chen H. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and nicotine. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:186-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Javed F, ALHarthi SS, BinShabaib MS, Gajendra S, Romanos GE, Rahman I. Toxicological impact of waterpipe smoking and flavorings in the oral cavity and respiratory system. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:389-396. [PMID: 29039225 PMCID: PMC5927775 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1384084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking (WS), an emerging trend has major health concerns. It is prevalent worldwide as a recreational activity both indoors and outdoors. The aim of this review was to assess the impact of waterpipe smoke on the oral and respiratory system (oral cavity and pulmonary tissues). A number of studies have shown that periodontal health status is compromised in waterpipe smokers when compared with nonsmokers. Some studies have associated WS with oral premalignant and malignant lesions; however, due to the poor quality of these studies, the presented outcomes should be interpreted with caution. Although cigarette smoking has been considered as a potential risk factor for dental caries; there are no studies in indexed literature that have shown an association to exist between dental caries and WS. Inhaled waterpipe smoke imposes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and compromises the ventilatory capacity of the lungs and may lead to an increased risk of decline in lung function. WS may cause oral and pulmonary diseases, such as periodontal disease and chronic obstructive airway disease, respectively. The association between WS and development of dental caries and oral pre-cancer and their relationships with chronic airways disease requires investigations. This review discusses the current evidence of waterpipe smoke effects on the oral health and respiratory system based on basic and clinical science and provides future directions for research and regulatory science on how WS can affect the oral cavity and the respiratory/pulmonary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shatha Subhi ALHarthi
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Saleh BinShabaib
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sangeeta Gajendra
- Department of Community Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Georgios E. Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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