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Saha TK, Mariom, Rahman T, Moniruzzaman M, Min T, Hossain Z. Immuno-physiological effects of dietary reishi mushroom powder as a source of beta-glucan on Rohu, Labeo rohita challenged with Aeromonas veronii. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14652. [PMID: 37670115 PMCID: PMC10480226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucans have immense potential to stimulate immune modulation in fish by being injected intramuscularly, supplemented with feed or immersion routes of administration. We studied how supplementing Labeo rohita's diet with reishi mushroom powder containing beta-glucan influenced immunological function. A supplemented diet containing 10% reishi mushroom powder was administered for 120 days. Afterwards, analyses were conducted on different immunological parameters such as antioxidants, respiratory burst, reactive oxygen species (ROS), alternative complement activity, and serum immunoglobulin, which resulted significant increases (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) for the reishi mushroom-fed immune primed L. rohita. Additionally, analyzing various hematological parameters such as erythrocytes and leukocytes count were assessed to elucidate the immunomodulatory effects, indicating positive effects of dietary reishi mushroom powder on overall fish health. Furthermore, the bacterial challenge-test with 1.92 × 104 CFU/ml intramuscular dose of Aeromonas veronii showed enhanced disease-defending system as total serum protein and lysozyme activity levels accelerated significantly (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, reishi mushroom powder contained with beta-glucan ameliorated the stress indicating parameters like acetylcholinesterase (AChE), serum-glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum-glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) enzyme activities results suggested the fish's physiology was unaffected. Therefore, the results indicated that adding dietary reishi mushroom as a source of beta-glucan could significantly boost the immune responses in Rohu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutul Kumar Saha
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mariom
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Resources Computing Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Kumar N, Sharma J, Mittal P, Chakrabarti R. Effect of leaves and seeds of Achyranthes aspera as feed supplements on the immunological and stress parameters and related gene expressions of Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus). Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:99-109. [PMID: 35507243 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The immunostimularory properties of Achyranthes aspera leaves and seeds supplemented feeds were evaluated in Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus (0.352±0.008 g). The experimental feeds contained 0.25% leaves (EFL1), 0.5% leaves (EFL2), 0.5% seeds (EFS) and 0% leaves or seeds (control feed; CF). In CF, leaves and seeds were absent. Fish were immunized with chicken-RBC after 60 days of feeding. The blood and tissue samples were collected on 7th, 14th and 21st days after immunization for various assays. The average weight of magur was significantly higher in EFS compared to the other treatments throughout the study period and EFL2 followed this group. Serum lysozyme level of fish was significantly higher in EFS on 7th and 14th days and in EFS and EFL2 on 21st day after immunization compared to the other treatments. Myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase levels were always significantly higher in EFS diet fed fish compared to other treatments. The highest hemagglutination titer level was found in EFS throughout the study period. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyl protein levels were significantly lower in liver and kidney of enriched diets fed magur compared to CF treatment. TBARS and carbonyl protein levels were minimum in EFS diets fed fish. In EFS and EFL2 treatments, the expressions of TNF-α, iNOS and NF-kB were significantly higher compared to the CF group. A. aspera seeds and leaves showed significant immunostimulatory properties in Asian catfish fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110 042, India
| | - JaiGopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110 042, India.
| | - Prabhat Mittal
- Satyawati College (Evening), University of Delhi, Ashok Vihar, Phase-III, Delhi, 110 052, India
| | - Rina Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
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Soares MP, Cardoso IL, Ishikawa MM, de Oliveira ADSS, Sartoratto A, Jonsson CM, de Queiroz SCDN, Duarte MCT, Rantin FT, Sampaio FG. Effects of Artemisia annua alcohol extract on physiological and innate immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to improve health status. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:369-377. [PMID: 32693158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a potential source of active molecules and are environmentally safer and cheaper than synthetic antibiotics. Bioactive compounds of Artemisia annua have shown pharmacological activities and are used globally as a supplement. The present study tested whether dietary supplementation with alcohol extract of the plant A. annua (ae-Aa; patent BR10201902707) improves the health status of juvenile Nile tilapia and increases resistance to diseases when fish are challenged with the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. The experimental design was completely randomized with four experimental groups (0.0, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% ae-Aa in the diets) with five repetitions (12 fish per repetition/experimental unit). We assessed serum glucose and cortisol levels in plasma, leukocyte respiratory activity, total plasma protein, serum lysozyme levels, as well as the number of circulating red blood cells and fish leukocytes at the end of the 30 days of feeding (phase I) and 24h after exposure to bacteria (phase II). The levels of lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and glutathione S-transferase of fish were also analyzed. The supplementation of 0.5% of ae-Aa was sufficient to increase the respiratory burst of leukocyte and lysozyme activity, total plasma protein, blood thrombocytes, neutrophils and monocytes after bacterial challenge (P < 0.05), and minimized stress response with decreases in plasmatic glucose and cortisol, and reduction in lipid peroxidation levels (P < 0.05). Results of the present study suggest that ae-Aa as a dietary supplement has benefits, including supplementation with 0.5% A. annua extract for 30 days to minimize the stress response and modulate innate immunity in Nile tilapia, providing fish with greater resistance and disease protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelly Pereira Soares
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Israel Luz Cardoso
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Mayumi Ishikawa
- Embrapa Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, CEP: 13.918-110, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Chemical Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Martin Jonsson
- Embrapa Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, CEP: 13.918-110, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Claudia do Nascimento de Queiroz
- Embrapa Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, CEP: 13.918-110, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte
- Chemical Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Tadeu Rantin
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Garcia Sampaio
- Embrapa Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, CEP: 13.918-110, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
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Kumar N, Sharma J, Singh SP, Singh A, Hari Krishna V, Chakrabarti R. Validation of growth enhancing, immunostimulatory and disease resistance properties of Achyranthes aspera in Labeo rohita fry in pond conditions. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01246. [PMID: 30820481 PMCID: PMC6379569 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunostimulatory and disease resistance properties of herb Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) were evaluated in rohu Labeo rohita in pond. Rohu fry (1.9 ± 0.08 g) were cultured in hapas (25 hapa−1) set inside a pond and were fed with two experimental diets containing 0.5% seeds (D1) and leaves (D2) of A. aspera and control diet (D3). Fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila after 80 days. The cumulative mortality rate of fish was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D3 (28–48%) compared to others. Average weight was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 (6.5–12.5%) compared to other treatments. Myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 and D2 compared to D3. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and carbonyl protein levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in hepatopancreas and kidney of D1 compared to others. In hepatopancreas, the expressions of lysozyme C, loysozyme G, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 compared to others. This treatment was followed by D2. In kidney, lysozyme G and TNF-α levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D1 and D2 compared to D3. Whereas, IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively in kidney of D2. There was up-regulation (P < 0.05) of TLR-4 in hepatopancreas and kidney of D1 and D2 diets fed rohu, respectively compared to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110 042, India
| | - JaiGopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110 042, India
| | - Samar Pal Singh
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - V Hari Krishna
- CIFE Rohtak Centre, Lahli, Rohtak, Haryana 124 411, India
| | - Rina Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Yılmaz S, Ergün S. Dietary Supplementation with Allspice Pimenta dioica Reduces the Occurrence of Streptococcal Disease during First Feeding of Mozambique Tilapia Fry. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2014; 26:144-148. [PMID: 25229484 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2014.893459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Allspice Pimenta dioica as a feed additive was studied for its effects on growth performance and disease resistance in Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Five isonitrogenous (36% crude protein) and isocaloric (18.5 kJ/g) diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, or 20 g of allspice/kg of fish feed. In a 50-d feeding trial, 15 plastic tanks (21 L) were stocked with 35 fish fry (0.012 g) each. After the feeding trial, fish were exposed to Streptococcus iniae and mortalities were recorded. The second-order polynomial regression indicated that the dietary allspice level of 10 g/kg provided the best growth performance and feed utilization. The greatest survival after pathogen challenge was also obtained from the diet supplemented with allspice at 10 g/kg. Therefore, allspice acts as a growth promoter to improve feed utilization and weight gain in Mozambique Tilapia fry and acts an antimicrobial agent to enhance disease resistance during first feeding of fry. These results suggest that allspice can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in controlling streptococcal disease in tilapia culture. Received October 19, 2012; accepted January 20, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdan Yılmaz
- a Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology , Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , Çanakkale 17100 , Turkey
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