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Pienaar AE, Botha JAE. The Value of a Motor Intervention for 3 to 6-Year-Old Children Infected with and Affected by HIV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052967. [PMID: 35270660 PMCID: PMC8910601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a large threat to human health and is challenging to address. This study aims to determine if motor intervention is a possibility for promoting the life expectancy and quality of life of children with HIV. The group consisted of 22 participants: 11 HIV-infected (51.73 months, SD 10.15) and 11 HIV-affected children (44.45 months, SD 10.76). A two-group (intervention and control group) pre-test−post-test research design was followed. The HIV-infected and affected children were randomly matched and grouped into an intervention and control group. The intervention group participated in a 12-week motor intervention of 60 min per session, twice per week. The effect of the program was analyzed with regard to motor skills, as established by the PDMS-2 and two strength capabilities. An ANCOVA adjusted for pre-test differences (p < 0.05) indicated statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) with large practical significance (d > 0.8) in locomotor, fine motor and overall motor skills. The infected children also showed better improvement compared to the affected children. Motor intervention is recommended in the health care path of children affected and infected with HIV, although modifications for improvement of the program are suggested, based on the results attained.
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Song Y, Wang H, Yin Y, Nie A, Yang H, Liu Y, Tao L, Zhong H, Zhang L, Chen H. Caregiver Burden Among Informal Caregivers of Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Liangshan Prefecture, China. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:1027-1035. [PMID: 35444411 PMCID: PMC9013673 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s357580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies revealed that informal caregivers for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) experience perceived caregiver burden. Although Liangshan prefecture is one of the areas with the fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemics in China, little is known about burden of informal caregivers for PLWHA. This study aimed to evaluate caregiver burden and these predictors among informal caregivers of PLWHA in Liangshan prefecture, China. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted from August to December 2017. We used convenience sampling to recruit informal caregivers of PLWHA. A total of 222 participants completed questionnaires including demographic information, caregiving-related information, and caregiver burden (measured by Zarit Burden Interview, ZBI). SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Independent student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), Spearman rank correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. RESULTS The mean ZBI score was 40.61 (SD = 14.47), and 199 (89.6%) informal caregivers had a mild or above caregiver burden. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that older age (P=0.003), caregivers with poor health (P=0.002), parent-caregivers (P=0.001), poorer ability in 'balancing caregiving needs and their own needs' (P<0.001), and 'managing emotional needs' (P=0.014) were significantly associated with higher level of caregiver burden. CONCLUSION The majority of informal caregivers had perceived caregiver burden in Liangshan prefecture of China. Findings emphasize that health-care providers, medical institutions and government should develop educational programs and policy to improve caregiver's ability to cope with caregiving for PLWHA, and take more attention to caregivers with health problem, at older age, parent-caregivers. These may contribute to reducing caregiver burden among informal caregivers of PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Song
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Nursing, the Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Centre, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yin
- Department of Neurology/Evidence-Based Nursing Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Anliu Nie
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Nursing Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhong
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liao Zhang
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Oldenburg CE, Bor J, Harling G, Tanser F, Mutevedzi T, Shahmanesh M, Seage GR, De Gruttola V, Mimiaga MJ, Mayer KH, Pillay D, Bärnighausen T. Impact of early antiretroviral therapy eligibility on HIV acquisition: household-level evidence from rural South Africa. AIDS 2018; 32:635-643. [PMID: 29334546 PMCID: PMC5832606 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We investigate the effect of immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility on HIV incidence among HIV-uninfected household members. Design: Regression discontinuity study arising from a population-based cohort. Methods: Household members of patients seeking care at the Hlabisa HIV Treatment and Care Programme in rural KwaZulu-Natal South Africa between January 2007 and August 2011 with CD4+ cell counts up to 350 cells/μl were eligible for inclusion if they had at least two HIV tests and were HIV-uninfected at the time the index patient linked to care (N = 4115). Regression discontinuity was used to assess the intention-to-treat effect of immediate versus delayed ART eligibility on HIV incidence among household members. Exploiting the CD4+ cell count-based threshold rule for ART initiation (CD4+ < 200 cells/μl until August 2011), we used Cox proportional hazards models to compare outcomes for household members of patients who presented for care with CD4+ cell counts just above versus just below the ART initiation threshold. Results: Characteristics of household members of index patients initiating HIV care were balanced between those with an index patient immediately eligible for ART (N = 2489) versus delayed for ART (N = 1626). There were 337 incident HIV infections among household members, corresponding to an HIV incidence of 2.4 infections per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 2.5–3.1). Immediate eligibility for treatment reduced HIV incidence in households by 47% in our optimal estimate (hazard ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.96), and by 32–60% in alternate specifications of the model. Conclusion: Immediate eligibility of ART led to substantial reductions in household-level HIV incidence.
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Milan S, Ickovics J, Vlahov D, Boland R, Schoenbaum E, Schuman P, Moore J. Interpersonal predictors of depression trajectories in women with HIV. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005; 73:678-88. [PMID: 16173855 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.73.4.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article tests an interpersonal model of depression symptom trajectories tailored to the experiences of women with HIV. Specifically, the authors examined how bereavement, maternal role difficulty, HIV-related social isolation, and partner conflict predicted change in depressive symptoms over 5 years in 761 women with HIV, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical health factors. Of these interpersonal characteristics, partner conflict emerged as a robust predictor of change in depressive symptoms in growth curve and cross-lag models. Results highlight the need for interventions focusing on interpersonal issues, particularly intimate relationships, in women with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Milan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06269, USA.
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Zambrana RE, Cornelius LJ, Boykin SS, Lopez DS. Latinas and HIV/AIDS risk factors: implications for harm reduction strategies. Am J Public Health 2004; 94:1152-8. [PMID: 15226136 PMCID: PMC1448414 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.94.7.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined risk factors for HIV infection among Puerto Rican and Mexican American women aged 15 through 44 years. METHODS We used data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Analyses focused on the relation between sex role attitudes, sex education, anxiety, and consistent condom use. RESULTS Nearly 60% of Puerto Rican and Mexican American women received no sex education from parents. Twenty-one percent of Puerto Rican and 38.3% of Mexican American women reported no sex education in schools. Women with some sex education in school, less than 13 years of education, or higher sex role attitude scores were more likely than other women to have partners who consistently used condoms. CONCLUSIONS Harm reduction interventions must be designed to reach multiple Latino audiences by age, gender, and subgroup
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Zambrana
- Department of Women's Studies, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA.
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