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Hegde M, Girisa S, Devanarayanan TN, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Network of Extracellular Traps in the Pathogenesis of Sterile Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Role of Oxidative Stress and Potential Clinical Applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 37725535 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Extracellular traps (ETs) represent structured frameworks that comprised DNA embellished with histones and granular proteins extruded by immune cells in response to various stimuli. Immune cells contribute to adverse effects of chronic inflammation via ET generation, promoting the release of nuclear chromatin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and bioactive proteins into the extracellular matrix. Recent Advances: The occurrence of ET formation has been documented across diverse immune cell types. The excessive production of ROS during the activation of these cells has the potential to initiate substantial DNA damage, culminating in chromosome decondensation. The inflammatory microenvironment fosters ROS and ET generation, impacting tissue microenvironment remodeling. Recent studies reveal ET involvement in sustaining persistent inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and initiating thrombotic processes. Critical Issues: This review elucidates ET participation in chronic inflammatory disease etiology, detailing ROS-dependent and ROS-independent ET formation mechanisms and their contextual manifestations. It discusses diverse immune cell-derived ETs in the inflammatory milieu and their responses to therapies. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the significance of ETs as potential biomarkers and envisions prophylactic strategies against ET-associated chronic inflammation. Future Directions: Subsequent investigations are warranted to uncover the intricate mechanisms governing the resolution of inflammation through ETs in normal physiological processes. Moreover, a comprehensive understanding of the aberrant pathways driving ET formation in persistent inflammation is imperative. Prospective research endeavors should focus on executing expansive clinical studies to discern the involvement of ETs in both the diagnostic and prognostic facets of inflammatory diseases, thereby shedding light on their prospective utility as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Thulasidharan Nair Devanarayanan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Xie DH, Li YC, Ma S, Yang X, Lan RM, Chen AQ, Zhu HY, Mei Y, Peng LX, Li ZF, Huang BJ, Chen Y, Huang XY, Qian CN. Electron Ultra-High Dose Rate FLASH irradiation Study Using a Clinical Linac: Linac Modification, Dosimetry and Radiobiological outcome. Med Phys 2022; 49:6728-6738. [PMID: 35959736 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiation (FLASH-IR) has been shown to cause less normal tissue damage compared with conventional irradiation (CONV-IR), this is known as the "FLASH effect". It has attracted immense research interest because its underlying mechanism is scarcely known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether FLASH-IR and CONV-IR induce differential inflammatory cytokine expression using a modified clinical linac. MATERIALS AND METHODS An Elekta Synergy linac was used to deliver 6 MeV CONV-IR and modified to deliver FLASH-IR. Female FvB mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: a non-irradiated control, CONV-IR, or FLASH-IR. The FLASH-IR beam was produced by single pulses repeated manually with a 20-second interval (Strategy 1), or single-trigger multiple pulses with a 10 millisecond (ms) interval (Strategy 2). Mice were immobilized in the prone position in a custom-designed applicator with Gafchromic films positioned under the body. The prescribed doses for the mice were 6 to 18 Gy and verified using Gafchromic films. Cytokine expression of three pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and one anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in serum samples and skin tissue were examined within 1- month post-IR. RESULTS The modified linac delivered radiation at an intra-pulse dose rate of around 1×106 Gy/s and a dose per pulse over 2 Gy at a source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 13 to 15 cms. The achieved dose coverage was 90 - 105% of the maximum dose within -20 ∼ 20 mm in the X direction and 95% within -30 ∼ 30 mm in the Y direction. The absolute deviations between the prescribed dose and the actual dose were 2.21, 6.04, 2.09 and 2.73% for 6, 9, 12 and 15 Gy as measured by EBT3 films, respectively; and 4.00, 4.49 and 2.30% for 10, 14 and 18 Gy as measured by the EBT XD films, respectively. The reductions in the CONV-IR versus the FLASH-IR group were 4.89, 10.28, -7.8 and -22.17 % for TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 in the serum on D6, respectively; 37.26, 67.16, 56.68 and -18.95% in the serum on D31, respectively; and 62.67, 35.65, 37.75 and -12.20% for TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 in the skin tissue, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ultra-high dose rate electron FLASH caused lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and skin tissue which might mediate differential tissue damage between FLASH-IR and CONV-IR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Huan Xie
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | | | - Sai Ma
- Elekta Instrument Ltd. Beijing Branch
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - Ruo-Ming Lan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University
| | - Ao-Qiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - Hong-Yu Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - Yan Mei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | | | - Bi-Jun Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - Yan Chen
- Elekta Instrument Ltd. Beijing Branch
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine.,Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Duan M, Yang Q, Ren B, Tang F. Microglia as Therapeutic Target for Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158286. [PMID: 35955439 PMCID: PMC9368164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) after radiotherapy has become an increasingly important factor affecting the prognosis of patients with head and neck tumor. With the delivery of high doses of radiation to brain tissue, microglia rapidly transit to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, upregulate phagocytic machinery, and reduce the release of neurotrophic factors. Persistently activated microglia mediate the progression of chronic neuroinflammation, which may inhibit brain neurogenesis leading to the occurrence of neurocognitive disorders at the advanced stage of RIBI. Fully understanding the microglial pathophysiology and cellular and molecular mechanisms after irradiation may facilitate the development of novel therapy by targeting microglia to prevent RIBI and subsequent neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Huang
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mengyun Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Boxu Ren
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Fengru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.T.)
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Feng W, Liu J, Wang S, Hu Y, Pan H, Hu T, Guan H, Zhang D, Mao Y. Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates D-galactose-induced cardiac ageing via regulating myocardial mitochondria function and integrity in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7157-7168. [PMID: 34227740 PMCID: PMC8335675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a crucial risk factor for the development of age‐related cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of ageing and novel anti‐ageing interventions need to be deeply studied. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) possesses high pharmacological activities and beneficial effects. Our study was undertaken to investigate whether AOS could be used as an anti‐ageing drug to alleviate cardiac ageing. D‐galactose (D‐gal)‐induced C57BL/6J ageing mice were established by subcutaneous injection of D‐gal (200 mg·kg‐1·d‐1) for 8 weeks. AOS (50, 100 and 150 mg·kg‐1·d‐1) were administrated intragastrically for the last 4 weeks. As a result, AOS prevented cardiac dysfunction in D‐gal‐induced ageing mice, including partially preserved ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (FS%). AOS inhibited D‐gal‐induced up‐regulation of natriuretic peptides A (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and ageing markers p53 and p21 in a dose‐dependent manner. To further explore the potential mechanisms contributing to the anti‐ageing protective effect of AOS, the age‐related mitochondrial compromise was analysed. Our data indicated that AOS alleviated D‐gal‐induced cardiac ageing by improving mitochondrial biogenesis, maintaining the mitochondrial integrity and enhancing the efficient removal of impaired mitochondria. AOS also decreased the ROS production and oxidative stress status, which, in turn, further inhibiting cardiac mitochondria from being destroyed. Together, these results demonstrate that AOS may be an effective therapeutic agent to alleviate cardiac ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianya Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Boerma M, Davis CM, Jackson IL, Schaue D, Williams JP. All for one, though not one for all: team players in normal tissue radiobiology. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:346-366. [PMID: 34129427 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As part of the special issue on 'Women in Science', this review offers a perspective on past and ongoing work in the field of normal (non-cancer) tissue radiation biology, highlighting the work of many of the leading contributors to this field of research. We discuss some of the hypotheses that have guided investigations, with a focus on some of the critical organs considered dose-limiting with respect to radiation therapy, and speculate on where the field needs to go in the future. CONCLUSIONS The scope of work that makes up normal tissue radiation biology has and continues to play a pivotal role in the radiation sciences, ensuring the most effective application of radiation in imaging and therapy, as well as contributing to radiation protection efforts. However, despite the proven historical value of preclinical findings, recent decades have seen clinical practice move ahead with altered fractionation scheduling based on empirical observations, with little to no (or even negative) supporting scientific data. Given our current appreciation of the complexity of normal tissue radiation responses and their temporal variability, with tissue- and/or organ-specific mechanisms that include intra-, inter- and extracellular messaging, as well as contributions from systemic compartments, such as the immune system, the need to maintain a positive therapeutic ratio has never been more urgent. Importantly, mitigation and treatment strategies, whether for the clinic, emergency use following accidental or deliberate releases, or reducing occupational risk, will likely require multi-targeted approaches that involve both local and systemic intervention. From our personal perspective as five 'Women in Science', we would like to acknowledge and applaud the role that many female scientists have played in this field. We stand on the shoulders of those who have gone before, some of whom are fellow contributors to this special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabel L Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Bortoluzzi VT, Dutra Filho CS, Wannmacher CMD. Oxidative stress in phenylketonuria-evidence from human studies and animal models, and possible implications for redox signaling. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:523-543. [PMID: 33580861 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the commonest inborn error of amino acid metabolism. Before mass neonatal screening was possible, and the success of introducing diet therapy right after birth, the typical clinical finds in patients ranged from intellectual disability, epilepsy, motor deficits to behavioral disturbances and other neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Since early diagnosis and treatment became widespread, usually only those patients who do not strictly follow the diet present psychiatric, less severe symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep pattern disturbance, and concentration and memory problems. Despite the success of low protein intake in preventing otherwise severe outcomes, PKU's underlying neuropathophysiology remains to be better elucidated. Oxidative stress has gained acceptance as a disturbance implicated in the pathogenesis of PKU. The conception of oxidative stress has evolved to comprehend how it could interfere and ultimately modulate metabolic pathways regulating cell function. We summarize the evidence of oxidative damage, as well as compromised antioxidant defenses, from patients, animal models of PKU, and in vitro experiments, discussing the possible clinical significance of these findings. There are many studies on oxidative stress and PKU, but only a few went further than showing macromolecular damage and disturbance of antioxidant defenses. In this review, we argue that these few studies may point that oxidative stress may also disturb redox signaling in PKU, an aspect few authors have explored so far. The reported effect of phenylalanine on the expression or activity of enzymes participating in metabolic pathways known to be responsive to redox signaling might be mediated through oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Trindade Bortoluzzi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90.035-003, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Severo Dutra Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90.035-003, Brazil
| | - Clovis Milton Duval Wannmacher
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90.035-003, Brazil
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Protection Against Radiation-Induced Duox1 and Duox2 Upregulation in Rat's Lung Tissues by a Combination of Curcumin and L-Selenomethionine. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.81767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been proposed that increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines play a key role in radiation-induced lung injury. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two pro-fibrotic cytokines that promote the production of free radicals through stimulation of Duox1 and Duox2. In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of IL4Ra1, Duox1, IL13Ra2, and Duox2 genes following rat’s lung irradiation. Objectives: Also, we detected the modulatory effect of a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine on the expression of these genes. Methods: Twenty male rats were divided into four groups as G1: control (no treatment or radiation); G2: treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine; G3: radiation; G4: radiation plus a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine. sixty-seven days after irradiation, rats were killed for detecting the expression of IL4Ra1, IL13Ra2, Duox1, and Duox2. Results: The results showed no detectable expression for IL13Ra2, while the expression of IL4Ra1, Duox1, and Duox2 was increased. Treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine could attenuate the expression of these genes. Conclusions: This study proposes that upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2 may be involved in radiation-induced lung injury. Treatment with a combination of curcumin and L-selenomethionine may be useful for the mitigation of lung injury through modulation of these genes.
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Mantawy EM, Said RS, Kassem DH, Abdel-Aziz AK, Badr AM. Novel molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against ϒ-radiation-induced premature ovarian failure in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111190. [PMID: 32871518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents a critical component in cancer treatment. However, premature ovarian failure (POF) is a major hurdle of deleterious off-target effects in young females, which, therefore, call for an effective radioprotective agent. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against γ-radiation-provoked POF. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally-administered NAC (50 mg/kg) and were exposed to a single whole-body dose of 3.2 Gy ϒ-radiation. NAC administration remarkably reversed abnormal serum estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone levels by 73% and 40%, respectively while ameliorating the histopathological and ultrastructural alterations-triggered by γ-radiation. Mechanistically, NAC alleviated radiation-induced oxidative damage through significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity by 102% alongside with decreasing NADPH oxidase subunits (p22 and NOX4) gene expressions by 48% and 38%, respectively compared to the irradiated untreated group. Moreover, NAC administration achieved its therapeutic effect by inhibiting ovarian apoptosis-induced by radiation through downregulating p53 and Bax levels by 33% and 16%, respectively while increasing the Bcl-2 mRNA expression by 135%. Hence, the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and cytochrome c expression were subsequently reduced leading to decreased caspase 3 activity by 43%. Importantly, the anti-apoptotic property of NAC could be attributed to inactivation of MAPK signaling molecules; p38 and JNK, and enhancement of the ovarian vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Taken together, our results suggest that NAC can inhibit radiotherapy-induced POF while preserving ovarian function and structure through upregulating VEGF expression and suppressing NOX4/MAPK/p53 apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham S Said
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dina H Kassem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohamed Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Phytoestrogen genistein hinders ovarian oxidative damage and apoptotic cell death-induced by ionizing radiation: co-operative role of ER-β, TGF-β, and FOXL-2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13551. [PMID: 32782329 PMCID: PMC7419553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a well-known cause of premature ovarian failure (POF). Therefore, we investigated the molecular influence of genistein (GEN) on the ovarian reserve of rats exposed to ϒ-radiation. Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a 3.2 Gy γ-radiation to induce POF and/or treated with either GEN (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or Ethinyl estradiol (E2; 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.), once daily for 10 days. GEN was able to conserve primordial follicles stock and population of growing follicles accompanied with reduction in atretic follicles. GEN restored the circulating estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone levels which were diminished after irradiation. GEN has potent antioxidant activity against radiation-mediated oxidative stress through upregulating endogenous glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity. Mechanistically, GEN inhibited the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by repressing Bax expression and augmenting Bcl-2 expression resulted in reduced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio with subsequent reduction in cytochrome c and caspase 3 expression. These promising effects of GEN are associated with improving granulosa cells proliferation. On the molecular basis, GEN reversed ovarian apoptosis through up-regulation of ER-β and FOXL-2 with downregulation of TGF-β expression, therefore inhibiting transition of primordial follicles to more growing follicles. GEN may constitute a novel therapeutic modality for safeguarding ovarian function of females' cancer survivors.
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Ji MT, Nie J, Nie XF, Hu WT, Pei HL, Wan JM, Wang AQ, Zhou GM, Zhang ZL, Chang L, Li BY. 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 Radiosensitizes Cancer Cells by Activating the NADPH/ROS Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:945. [PMID: 32848720 PMCID: PMC7426479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioresistance of tumors affect the outcome of radiotherapy. Accumulating data suggest that 1α,25(OH)2D3 is a potential anti-oncogenic molecule in various cancers. In the present study, we investigated the radiosensitive effects and underlying mechanisms of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in vitro and in vivo. We found that 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the radiosensitivity of lung cancer and ovarian cancer cells by promoting the NADPH oxidase-ROS-apoptosis axis. Compared to the group that only received radiation, the survival fraction and self-renewal capacity of cancer cells treated with a combination of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and radiation were decreased. Both apoptosis and ROS were significantly increased in the combination group compared with the radiation only group. Moreover, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a scavenger of intracellular ROS, reversed the apoptosis and ROS induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3, indicating that 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the radiosensitivity of cancer cells in vitro by promoting ROS-induced apoptosis. Moreover, our results demonstrated that 1α,25(OH)2D3 promoted the ROS level via activating NADPH oxidase complexes, NOX4, p22phox, and p47phox. In addition, knockdown of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) abolished the radiosensitization of 1α,25(OH)2D3, which confirmed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 radiosensitized tumor cells that depend on VDR. Similarly, our study also evidenced that vitamin D3 enhanced the radiosensitivity of cancer cells in vivo and extended the overall survival of mice with tumors. In summary, these results demonstrate that 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhances the radiosensitivity depending on VDR and activates the NADPH oxidase-ROS-apoptosis axis. Our findings suggest that 1α,25(OH)2D3 in combination with radiation enhances lung and ovarian cell radiosensitivity, potentially providing a novel combination therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Tao Ji
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fei Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hai-Long Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Mei Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Ai-Qing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Li Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
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11
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Mercantepe F, Topcu A, Rakici S, Tumkaya L, Yilmaz A. The effects of N-acetylcysteine on radiotherapy-induced small intestinal damage in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:372-379. [PMID: 30786762 PMCID: PMC6488866 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219831225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Some six million cancer patients currently receive radiotherapy. Radiotherapy eliminates cancer cells by accelerating their death. However, radiotherapy is not selective, and it therefore harms healthy tissues around cancerous tissue. The latest studies have shown that the irradiation of biological materials causes a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tissue as a result of exposure of the target molecule to direct and indirect ionization. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that permits the elimination of free oxygen radicals and that contributes to glutathione synthesis. Our study, therefore, examined the effects of radiation resulting from radiotherapy on the small intestine at the molecular level, and prospectively considered the potential protective characteristics of NAC against gastrointestinal syndrome resulting from radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Mercantepe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan
University, Rize 53010, Turkey
| | - Atilla Topcu
- Department of Pharmacology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University,
Rize 53010, Turkey
| | - Sema Rakici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan
University, Rize 53010, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan
University, Rize 53010, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip
Erdogan University, Rize 53010, Turkey
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12
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Schiavone S, Neri M, Maffione AB, Frisoni P, Morgese MG, Trabace L, Turillazzi E. Increased iNOS and Nitrosative Stress in Dopaminergic Neurons of MDMA-Exposed Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051242. [PMID: 30871034 PMCID: PMC6429174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms underlying 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity have been proposed, including neurochemical alterations and excitotoxicity mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). However, ROS, NO, and RNS sources in the brain are not fully known. We aimed to investigate possible alterations in the expression of the ROS producer NOX enzymes (NOX2, NOX1, and NOX4), NO generators (iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS), markers of oxidative (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8OHdG), and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine, NT) stress, as well as the colocalization between cells positive for the dopamine transporter (DT1) and cells expressing the neuronal nuclei (NeuN) marker, in the frontal cortex of rats receiving saline or MDMA, sacrificed 6 h, 16 h, or 24 h after its administration. MDMA did not affect NOX2, NOX1, and NOX4 immunoreactivity, whereas iNOS expression was enhanced. The number of NT-positive cells was increased in MDMA-exposed animals, whereas no differences were detected in 8OHdG expression among experimental groups. MDMA and NT markers colocalized with DT1 positive cells. DT1 immunostaining was found in NeuN-positive stained cells. Virtually no colocalization was observed with microglia and astrocytes. Moreover, MDMA immunostaining was not found in NOX2-positive cells. Our results suggest that iNOS-derived nitrosative stress, but not NOX enzymes, may have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity, highlighting the specificity of different enzymatic systems in the development of neuropathological alterations induced by the abuse of this psychoactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Frisoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Andrews RN, Dugan GO, Peiffer AM, Hawkins GA, Hanbury DB, Bourland JD, Hampson RE, Deadwyler SA, Cline JM. White Matter is the Predilection Site of Late-Delayed Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in Non-Human Primates. Radiat Res 2019; 191:217-231. [PMID: 30694733 PMCID: PMC6422025 DOI: 10.1667/rr15263.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fractionated whole-brain irradiation for the treatment of intracranial neoplasia causes progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. The long-term consequences of single-fraction high-dose irradiation to the brain are unknown. To assess the late effects of brain irradiation we compared transcriptomic gene expression profiles from nonhuman primates (NHP; rhesus macaques Macaca mulatta) receiving single-fraction total-body irradiation (TBI; n = 5, 6.75-8.05 Gy, 6-9 years prior to necropsy) to those receiving fractionated whole-brain irradiation (fWBI; n = 5, 40 Gy, 8 × 5 Gy fractions; 12 months prior to necropsy) and control comparators (n = 5). Gene expression profiles from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus (HC) and deep white matter (WM; centrum semiovale) were compared. Stratified analyses by treatment and region revealed that radiation-induced transcriptomic alterations were most prominent in animals receiving fWBI, and primarily affected white matter in both TBI and fWBI groups. Unsupervised canonical and ontologic analysis revealed that TBI or fWBI animals demonstrated shared patterns of injury, including white matter neuroinflammation, increased expression of complement factors and T-cell activation. Both irradiated groups also showed evidence of impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission and signal transduction within white matter, but not within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. Signaling pathways and structural elements involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling were noted within the white matter of animals receiving fWBI, but not of those receiving TBI. These findings indicate that those animals receiving TBI are susceptible to neurological injury similar to that observed after fWBI, and these changes persist for years postirradiation. Transcriptomic profiling reaffirmed that macrophage/microglial-mediated neuroinflammation is present in radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), and our data provide novel evidence that the complement system may contribute to the pathogenesis of RIBI. Finally, these data challenge the assumption that the hippocampus is the predilection site of injury in RIBI, and indicate that impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission may occur in white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Andrews
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Gregory O. Dugan
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Ann M. Peiffer
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Gregory A. Hawkins
- Departments of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - David B. Hanbury
- Department of Psychology, Averett University, Danville, Virginia 24541
| | - J. Daniel Bourland
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Robert E. Hampson
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Samuel A. Deadwyler
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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Mortezaee K, Goradel NH, Amini P, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Najafi M, Farhood B. NADPH Oxidase as a Target for Modulation of Radiation Response; Implications to Carcinogenesis and Radiotherapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:50-60. [DOI: 10.2174/1874467211666181010154709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:Radiotherapy is a treatment modality for cancer. For better therapeutic efficiency, it could be used in combination with surgery, chemotherapy or immunotherapy. In addition to its beneficial therapeutic effects, exposure to radiation leads to several toxic effects on normal tissues. Also, it may induce some changes in genomic expression of tumor cells, thereby increasing the resistance of tumor cells. These changes lead to the appearance of some acute reactions in irradiated organs, increased risk of carcinogenesis, and reduction in the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy.Discussion:So far, several studies have proposed different targets such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), some toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) etc., for the amelioration of radiation toxicity and enhancing tumor response. NADPH oxidase includes five NOX and two dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) subfamilies that through the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, play key roles in oxidative stress and several signaling pathways involved in early and late effects of ionizing radiation. Chronic ROS production by NOX enzymes can induce genomic instability, thereby increasing the risk of carcinogenesis. Also, these enzymes are able to induce cell death, especially through apoptosis and senescence that may affect tissue function. ROS-derived NADPH oxidase causes apoptosis in some organs such as intestine and tongue, which mediate inflammation. Furthermore, continuous ROS production stimulates fibrosis via stimulation of fibroblast differentiation and collagen deposition. Evidence has shown that in contrast to normal tissues, the NOX system induces tumor resistance to radiotherapy through some mechanisms such as induction of hypoxia, stimulation of proliferation, and activation of macrophages. However, there are some contradictory results. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase in experimental studies has shown promising results for both normal tissue protection and tumor sensitization to ionizing radiation.Conclusion:In this article, we aimed to review the role of different subfamilies of NADPH oxidase in radiation-induced early and late normal tissue toxicities in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, faculty of paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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15
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Intercellular communications-redox interactions in radiation toxicity; potential targets for radiation mitigation. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 13:3-16. [PMID: 29911259 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, using ionizing radiation (IR) is necessary for clinical, agricultural, nuclear energy or industrial applications. Accidental exposure to IR after a radiation terror or disaster poses a threat to human. In contrast to the old dogma of radiation toxicity, several experiments during the last two recent decades have revealed that intercellular signaling and communications play a key role in this procedure. Elevated level of cytokines and other intercellular signals increase oxidative damage and inflammatory responses via reduction/oxidation interactions (redox system). Intercellular signals induce production of free radicals and inflammatory mediators by some intermediate enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), NADPH oxidase, and also via triggering mitochondrial ROS. Furthermore, these signals facilitate cell to cell contact and increasing cell toxicity via cohort effect. Nitric oxide is a free radical with ability to act as an intercellular signal that induce DNA damage and changes in some signaling pathways in irradiated as well as non-irradiated adjacent cells. Targeting of these mediators by some anti-inflammatory agents or via antioxidants such as mitochondrial ROS scavengers opens a window to mitigate radiation toxicity after an accidental exposure. Experiments which have been done so far suggests that some cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-4 and IL-13 are some interesting targets that depend on irradiated organs and may help mitigate radiation toxicity. Moreover, animal experiments in recent years indicated that targeting of toll like receptors (TLRs) may be more useful for radioprotection and mitigation. In this review, we aimed to describe the role of intercellular interactions in oxidative injury, inflammation, cell death and killing effects of IR. Moreover, we described evidence on potential mitigation of radiation injury via targeting of these mediators.
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