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Meng Y, Munir MT, Wu X, Huang Y, Yu W, Li B. Phosphorus recovery and tetracycline Mitigation: The role of Bacillus cereus LB-9 in struvite biomineralization from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142823. [PMID: 38996978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Struvite biomineralization is an ecologically sound technology, adept at the efficient recovery and recycling of phosphorus from wastewater. However, the biomineralization process is often perturbed by the presence of antibiotics, notably tetracycline (TC), the impact of which on the biomineralization system has not been elucidated. This study examines the efficacy of Bacillus cereus LB-9 in struvite biomineralization, focusing on the precipitates' composition, morphology, and TC content. LB-9 facilitate an alkaline environment that effectively recovering nitrogen and phosphorus. These findings indicate that TC retards the initial formation of struvite and the concurrent recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus. However, at concentrations below 10 mg/L TC concentrations, TC enhanced struvite production (0.38g) by stimulating LB-9's growth and metabolic activity. Conversely, at a concentration of 10 mg/L TC, the strain's activity was markedly suppressed within the initial four days. This data suggests that TC promotes the strain's proliferation and metabolism, potentially through cellular secretions, thereby augmenting phosphorus recovery from wastewater. Notably, the recovered struvite doesn't contain TC, aligning with regulatory standards for agricultural application. In summary, LB-9-mediated struvite recovery is an effective strategy for producing phosphorus-enriched fertilizers and mitigating TC contamination, offering significant implications for wastewater treatment and industrial process development, particularly in the context of prevalent TC in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Meng
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuefei Huang
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Water Resources and Electric Power, Key Laboratory of Water Ecological Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers, Ministry of Water Resources, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, 0926, New Zealand
| | - Bing Li
- Water Research Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Scrinzi D, Ferrentino R, Baù E, Fiori L, Andreottola G. Sewage Sludge Management at District Level: Reduction and Nutrients Recovery via Hydrothermal Carbonization. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2022; 14:1-13. [PMID: 36212777 PMCID: PMC9532233 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-022-01943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two scenarios of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are presented, which include the integration of the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process into the sludge line as a post-treatment of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The objective of the simulation is to investigate the performances of AD + HTC treatment to reduce sludge production and improve nutrient and energy recovery. For this purpose, the scheme of an under-construction WWTP was considered, named Trento 3 (Trento, Italy) and with a treatment capacity of 300,000 PE. In the first scenario, the HTC process was fed with thickened sludge from the Trento 3 WWTP, while in the second scenario, dewatered sludge from other local WWTPs was also used as feedstock for the HTC process. Both scenarios allowed to obtain a considerable sludge reduction ranging from 70 to 75% with a notably increase in the biogas production up to 47%, due to the recycling of HTC liquor (HTCL) to the anaerobic digester. Considering nutrients recovery, all the phosphorus and nitrogen present in the HTCL could be used for struvite precipitation with an average yearly gain of 1 million euros. Moreover, the introduction of HTC in the Trento 3 WWTP could allow a reduction in the sludge management costs of up to 2 M€/year. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Scrinzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - R. Ferrentino
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - E. Baù
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - L. Fiori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - G. Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Numviyimana C, Warchoł J, Izydorczyk G, Baśladyńska S, Chojnacka K. Struvite production from dairy processing wastewater: Optimizing reaction conditions and effects of foreign ions through multi-response experimental models. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang Y, Guo X, Bai Y, Sun X. Effective removal of calcium and magnesium sulfates from wastewater in the rare earth industry. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33922-33930. [PMID: 35528910 PMCID: PMC9073705 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The wastewater discharged from the rare earth (RE) industry generally contains a high level of calcium and magnesium sulfates, which confers permanent hardness and causes difficulties in recycling this wastewater. In this study, the alkyl phenoxy acetic acid derivatives including 4-methyl phenoxy acetic acid (M-POAA), 4-tert-butyl phenoxy acetic acid (B-POAA) and 4-tert-octyl phenoxy acetic acid (O-POAA), were synthesized via the Williamson reaction and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Synthesis of the POAAs were simple and green, and the raw materials used for their production are widely available and low-cost. The potential for removal of Ca and Mg sulfates from industrial wastewater using POAAs as the organic precipitants was assessed. The total precipitation efficiencies of Ca and Mg from wastewater with the use of POAAs increased with the following order: M-POAA < B-POAA < O-POAA. The residual concentrations of Ca and Mg using O-POAA as the precipitant were lower than 0.099 and 0.089 g L-1, respectively. The O-POAA could be regenerated five times without any significant change in its structure and precipitation performance. Thus, the use of the novel precipitants is a prospective alternative to the conventional processes for softening wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China +86-592-3594019 +86-592-3594019
| | - Xiangguang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China +86-592-3594019 +86-592-3594019
| | - Yan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China +86-592-3594019 +86-592-3594019
- Ganzhou Rare Earth Group Co.,Ltd. Ganzhou 341000 China
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Aguado D, Barat R, Bouzas A, Seco A, Ferrer J. P-recovery in a pilot-scale struvite crystallisation reactor for source separated urine systems using seawater and magnesium chloride as magnesium sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:88-96. [PMID: 30954828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Practical recovery of a non-renewable nutrient, such as phosphorus (P), is essential to support modern agriculture in the near future. The high P content of urine, makes it an attractive source for practicing the recovery of this crucial nutrient. This paper presents the experimental results at pilot-plant scale of struvite crystallisation from a source-separated urine stream using two different magnesium sources, namely magnesium chloride and seawater. The latter was chosen as sustainable option to perform P-recovery in coastal areas. Real seawater was used to assess in a more realistic way its efficiency to precipitate P as struvite, since its composition (with noticeable concentration of ions such as Ca2+, SO42-, Na+, …) could lead to the formation of impurities and other precipitates. 0.99 g of struvite was obtained per litre of urine irrespective of the operational conditions tested. In all tested conditions, precipitation efficiencies exceeded 90% and recovery efficiencies were higher than 87%, with an average struvite crystal size higher than 110 μm (and up to 320 μm, depending on the experimental conditions) in the harvested struvite samples. Almost pure struvite was obtained when MgCl2 was used as precipitant, while amorphous calcium phosphate and other impurities appeared in the precipitates using seawater as magnesium source. However, the lower settling velocity of the amorphous precipitates in comparison with the struvite precipitates suggests that their separation at industrial scale could be relatively straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aguado
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Bouzas
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Wang J, Ye X, Zhang Z, Ye ZL, Chen S. Selection of cost-effective magnesium sources for fluidized struvite crystallization. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 70:144-153. [PMID: 30037401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Struvite crystallization has been considered a promising approach to recover phosphorus from wastewater. However, its practical application is limited, probably because of the high cost of magnesium (Mg). In this study, a comprehensive economic analysis was conducted using five Mg sources (MgCl2, MgSO4, MgO, Mg(OH)2, and bittern) during the operation of a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR), using swine wastewater as the case matrix. First, the economic operating conditions were investigated, and subsequently, the performance and the costs of the five Mg sources were compared. The results indicated that the FBR could be operated most economically at pH of 8.5 and Mg to phosphorus (Mg/P) molar ratio of 1.5. Under these conditions, no significant differences in phosphorus removal and product quality could be found between the five Mg sources. Selecting the most economical Mg source was thus highly dependent on the prices of the reagents and Mg sources. Low-solubility Mg sources were preferable when NaOH was priced higher, while high-solubility Mg sources proved more economical when HNO3 was expensive. The bittern was the most economical choice only when the distances for total inorganic orthophosphate removal and struvite recovery were shorter than 40 and 270km, respectively. The current study provides an overview of the economic selection of an Mg source, which can help reduce the cost of struvite crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhi-Long Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Yu R, Ren H, Wu J, Zhang X. A novel treatment processes of struvite with pretreated magnesite as a source of low-cost magnesium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22204-22213. [PMID: 28795378 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By crystallization process, phosphorus can be recycled from wastewater. However, the reagent cost limits the application of struvite precipitation. Magnesite, as a low-cost magnesium source, can result in a cost savings, while the poor dissolution offset of low-cost reagent. In this study, most of the pyrolysate of magnesite was dissolved by changing the process of reagent addition; the solubility of the pyrolysate was increased at acid wastewater. The removal rate of phosphate by the pyrolysate was higher than that of magnesite, the phosphate removal rate was from 70.2 to 88.2% at 600 °C, 0.5 h to 1200 °C, 3 h. Phosphate removal rate was achieved optimal when calcination temperature was 700 °C at 2 h. By adding the pyrolysate to acid wastewater (pH ≤ 2) before NH4Cl, phosphate removal rate was closed to that of MgCl2 as magnesium source, while magnesite was priced at similar levels to lime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333001, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jichun Wu
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- Yixing Academy of Environmental Protection, Nanjing University, Yixing, 214206, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Lu B, Xu J, Zhang M, Pang W, Xie L. Phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater by highly efficient struvite crystallization in an improved fluidized bed reactor. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang S, Hawkins GL, Kiepper BH, Das KC. Struvite Precipitation as a Means of Recovering Nutrients and Mitigating Ammonia Toxicity in a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digester Treating Protein-Rich Feedstocks. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081011. [PMID: 27527128 PMCID: PMC6273907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of ammonia, measured as total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), a product of protein decomposition in slaughterhouse wastes, inhibits the anaerobic digestion process, reducing digester productivity and leading to failure. Struvite precipitation (SP) is an effective means to remove TAN and enhance the buffering of substrates. Different Mg and P sources were evaluated as reactants in SP in acidogenic digester effluents to reduce its TAN levels. In order to measure impact of TAN removal, a standard biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was conducted to measure methane yield from treatments that had the highest TAN reductions. SP results showed 6 of 9 reagent combinations resulted in greater than 70% TAN removal. The BMP results indicated that SP treatment by adding Mg(OH)₂ and H₃PO₄ resulted in 57.6% nitrogen recovery and 41.7% increase in methane yield relative to the substrate without SP. SP is an effective technology to improve nutrient recovery and methane production from the anaerobic digestion of protein-rich feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Wang
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Gary L Hawkins
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Brian H Kiepper
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Keshav C Das
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Lu H, Zhang G, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Cao W. Using co-metabolism to accelerate synthetic starch wastewater degradation and nutrient recovery in photosynthetic bacterial wastewater treatment technology. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:775-784. [PMID: 26360302 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1084050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Starch wastewater is a type of nutrient-rich wastewater that contains numerous macromolecular polysaccharides. Using photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) to treat starch wastewater can reduce pollutants and enhance useful biomass production. However, PSB cannot directly degrade macromolecular polysaccharides, which weakens the starch degradation effect. Therefore, co-metabolism with primary substances was employed in PSB wastewater treatment to promote starch degradation. The results indicated that co-metabolism is a highly effective method in synthetic starch degradation by PSB. When malic acid was used as the optimal primary substrate, the chemical oxygen demand, total sugar, macromolecules removal and biomass yield were considerably higher than when primary substances were not used, respectively. Malic acid was the primary substrate that played a highly important role in starch degradation. It promoted the alpha-amylase activity to 46.8 U and the PSB activity, which induced the degradation of macromolecules. The products in the wastewater were ethanol, acetic acid and propionic acid. Ethanol was the primary product throughout the degradation process. The introduction of co-metabolism with malic acid to treat wastewater can accelerate macromolecules degradation and bioresource production and weaken the acidification effect. This method provides another pathway for bioresource recovery from wastewater. This approach is a sustainable and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lu
- a College of Water Resource and Civil Engineering , China Agriculture University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- b School of Environment and Natural Resources , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Lu
- c State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- d Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana 61801 , USA
| | - Baoming Li
- a College of Water Resource and Civil Engineering , China Agriculture University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- a College of Water Resource and Civil Engineering , China Agriculture University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
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