1
|
Patidar R, Srivastava VC. Evaluation of the sono-assisted photolysis method for the mineralization of toxic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
2
|
Abdelhay A, Allafi A, Albsoul A. Optimization of ibuprofen degradation in water using high frequency ultrasound-assisted biological reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:2250-2259. [PMID: 32701502 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is being considered as a promising emerging advanced oxidation process to degrade persistent organic-pollutants. This paper investigated the effect of several operating parameters on the degradation of a recalcitrant pharmaceutical product, namely ibuprofen (IBP), using an ultrasound-assisted biological reactor. The tested operating parameters are the power density (960, 480) W/L, US frequency (1,142, 860, 578) kHz, working volume (500, 250) mL, initial IBP concentration (30, 60) mg/L, and pH (8.2, 4). It was observed that the IBP degradation was directly influenced by the power density, and the highest degradation efficiency (99%) was obtained at 960 w/L. However, the degradation of IBP at sonication time of 120 min was found to increase from 39% to 96% while decreasing the US frequency from 1,142 to 578 kHz. The working volume had no clear effect on the IBP degradation. The optimal pH was found to be 4, which resulted in 99.5% IBP degradation efficiency after 120 min of sonication time. The degradation of IBP followed the first order kinetics. Finally, the sonically-treated water was fed to a subsequent aerobic biological reactor. The results revealed that the remaining chemical oxygen demand (COD) after sonication was lowered in the biological reactor by a percentage of 47%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abdelhay
- Civil and Environmental Engineering department, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan E-mail:
| | - Aya Allafi
- School of Natural Resources Engineering and management (SNREM), German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Abeer Albsoul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Qi Y, Pan X, Wu N, Zuo J, Li C, Qu R, Wang Z, Chen Z. Mechanistic insights into the reactivity of Ferrate(VI) with phenolic compounds and the formation of coupling products. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:338-349. [PMID: 31051378 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the removal of 2-benzylphenol (2-BP), phenol (Ph), chlorophene (CP), and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) by Fe(VI) have been examined at pH 8.0. The second-order rate constant (k) for substrates degradation at a Fe(VI) concentration of 0.2 mM was in the order of kCP (353 M-1 s-1) > k4-CP (131 M-1 s-1) > k2-BP (102 M-1 s-1) > kPh (40 M-1 s-1), indicating that the presence of chlorine and benzyl groups in benzene ring can enhance the reactivity of the phenolic compounds with Fe(VI). Reaction products were identified by a liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS), and four reaction mechanisms, including hydroxylation of benzene ring, cleavage of C-C bridge bond, substitution of chlorine atom by hydroxyl group, and the single-electron coupling mechanism were proposed for phenols degradation by Fe(VI). The extracted peak areas of the degradation products showed that the single-electron coupling reaction is the main degradation mechanism in Fe(VI) oxidation processes. In addition to direct attack by Fe(VI), hydroxyl radical, as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, also plays a role in phenols degradation. The •OH initiated reactions and single-electron coupling reactions were further explored by total charges distribution, transition state calculations and potential energy profiles. In addition, Fe(VI) could also work as a highly effective oxidant for substrates removal from real waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Yumeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Xiaoxue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Jialiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China.
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| | - Zhaoxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210023, PR, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Panda D, Manickam S. Recent advancements in the sonophotocatalysis (SPC) and doped-sonophotocatalysis (DSPC) for the treatment of recalcitrant hazardous organic water pollutants. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 36:481-496. [PMID: 28069236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sonophotocatalysis (SPC) is considered to be one of the important wastewater treatment techniques and hence attracted the attention of researchers to eliminate recalcitrant hazardous organic pollutants from aqueous phase. In general, SPC refers to the integrated use of ultrasonic sound waves, ultraviolet radiation and the addition of a semiconductor material which functions as a photocatalyst. Current research has brought numerous improvements in the SPC based treatment by opting visible light irradiation, nanocomposite catalysts and numerous catalyst supports for better stability and performance. This review accomplishes a critical analysis with respect to the recent advancements. The efficiency of SPC based treatments has been analyzed by considering the individual methods i.e. sonolysis, photocatalysis, sonophotolysis, sono-ozone, photo-Fenton and sono-Fenton. Besides, the essential parameters such as solution temperature, concentrations of initial pollutant and catalyst, initial pH, dosages of Fenton's reagent and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ultrasonic power density, gas sparging, addition of radical scavenger, addition of carbon tetrachloride and methanol have been discussed with suggestions for the selection of optimum parameters. A higher synergistic pollutant removal rate has been reported during SPC treatment as compared to individual methods and the implementation of numerous doping materials and supports for the photocatalyst enhances the degradation rate of pollutants using DSPC under both visible and UV irradiation. Overall, SPC and DSPC based wastewater treatments are emerging as potential techniques as they provide effective solution in removing the recalcitrant organic pollutants and progressive research is expected to bring out superior treatment efficiency using these advanced technologies. IMPORTANCE OF THIS REVIEW The review has accomplished a thorough and a critical analysis of sonophotocatalysis (SPC) based on the recently published journals. Recent advancements in the doped sonophotocatalysis (DSPC) and the mechanisms behind synergistic enhancement in the pollutant degradation rate have been discussed with justifications. Besides, the possible future works are suggested for the advancements in sonophotocatalysis based treatment. This review will be beneficial for electing a SPC based method because of the accomplished sharp comparisons among the published results. The review includes current advancements of SPC based methods which aid for a low-cost and a large-scale wastewater treatment application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Panda
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ammar HB. Sono-Fenton process for metronidazole degradation in aqueous solution: Effect of acoustic cavitation and peroxydisulfate anion. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 33:164-169. [PMID: 27245967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the application of an improved treatment approach based on the ultrasound irradiation as clean technology driven Fenton in the presence of peroxydisulfate anion (S2O8(2-)) for the removal of metronidazole (MTZ) from aqueous solution. The sono-generation of sulfate radicals (SO4(-)) as a stronger oxidizing agent from S2O8(2-) (redox potential of 2.6V) has improved the degradation of MTZ. However, no studies have focused on the removal of MTZ using peroxydisulfate anion under sono-Fenton process. The MTZ concentration measurement during the processing allowed the evaluation of the kinetics of organic matter decay. The results have shown that the degradation of MTZ dependent on Fe(2+)/H2O2 molar ratio, temperature and S2O8(2-) concentration. The MTZ concentration decay follows pseudo first-order kinetics, within the range studied. Sono-Fenton process using low iron and hydrogen peroxide doses was proved to be an efficient method for the elimination of MTZ with high degradation rates. At optimum conditions, 96% of MTZ removal was achieved at 60°C in the presence of 1mM of S2O8(2-).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafedh Belhadj Ammar
- Electrochemistry and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gole VL, Gogate PR. Degradation of brilliant green dye using combined treatment strategies based on different irradiations. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Aguilar O, Angeles C, Castillo CO, Martínez C, Rodríguez R, Ruiz RS, Vizcarra MG. On the ultrasonic degradation of Rhodamine B in water: kinetics and operational conditions effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1183-1189. [PMID: 24701914 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.864711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this present study was to investigate the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under the influence of ultrasound irradiation. An ultrasonic reactor was used to investigate the effect of different operational parameters such as dye initial concentration, ultrasound power, pH and electrical conductivity. The results showed an increase in decolourization rate with decreasing pH, but colour removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial dye concentration. It was found that an optimum electrical conductivity of the solution exists on enhancing the degree of RhB degradation. Sonolytic degradation data from the present and other works in the literature were analysed by Langmuir-type kinetics. The apparent reaction rate constant was strongly influenced by both irradiation power density and frequency, and based on the experimental data a mathematical correlation between them was obtained.
Collapse
|
8
|
Takuma Y, Kojima T. Synergistic Effects of Fenton’s Reaction and the Sonochemical Reaction on the Decomposition of Trichloroethylene in Water. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.13we203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshinori Kojima
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu L, Huang S, Zhu N, Zhang D, Yuan H, Lou Z. Influence of generated intermediates' interaction on heterogeneous Fenton's degradation of an azo dye 1-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid by using sludge based carbon as catalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 263 Pt 2:450-457. [PMID: 24225585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge based carbons have recently been used as novel catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton's reactions to degrade azo dye molecules. The carbons, functioning as both catalyst and adsorbent, play an important role in pollutants elimination, especially for those simultaneously generated organic intermediates. Different factors, i.e., H2O2 concentration, may influence the type and properties of those intermediates and may have great impacts on their elimination through the interactions with catalysts' surface. Thus, techniques including Temperature Programmed Desorption-Mass Spectrometer (TPD-MS), N2 adsorption isotherm and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to probe the ways of the interaction between oxidation products and catalyst by using different initial H2O2 concentrations (10 and 20mM). The higher Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal with 20mM H2O2 was found to be related not only to the higher hydroxyl radicals but also the specific interactions between the intermediates and catalyst' surface. The deep oxidation occurred in the conditions with higher oxidant amount enhances the intermediates' adsorption on catalyst, thus increasing the COD removal by large margin. Simulated adsorption experiments by using six primarily formed intermediates and three deeply mineralized products on three different catalysts also confirmed the assumption. Results suggested close relations between adsorption capacities and intermediates' properties such as polar surface area and octanol-water partition coefficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Taherian S, Entezari MH, Ghows N. Sono-catalytic degradation and fast mineralization of p-chlorophenol: La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 as a nano-magnetic green catalyst. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:1419-27. [PMID: 23618850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) nanoparticles with a perovskite structure were prepared by a combination of ultrasound and co-precipitation method. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol in the presence and in the absence of ultrasound. The degradation has been studied at different temperatures, pH, catalyst dosage, and initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol. The results have shown that the degradation efficiency was higher in the presence of ultrasound than its absence under the mild conditions. More than 88% decrease in the concentration and 85% decrease in the TOC for 4-chlorophenol could be achieved in a short time of sonication with respect to the conventional method. This behavior could be attributed to the cavitation process which followed by a high mass transfer on the catalyst with high surface area. These conditions led to facilitate the removal of pollutant from aqueous solution. The results also indicated that the catalyst without recalcination can be used successfully up to five consecutive cycles without any significant loss in activity in the presence and in the absence of ultrasound. In addition, the most important is the magnetic property of the nanoparticles which separated easily from aqueous solution by an external magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Taherian
- Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775 Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dubie J, Stancik A, Morra M, Nindo C. Antioxidant Extraction from Mustard (Brassica juncea) Seed Meal Using High-Intensity Ultrasound. J Food Sci 2013; 78:E542-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Dubie
- School of Food Science, Univ. of Idaho; Moscow; ID; 83844; U.S.A
| | - Aaron Stancik
- Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, Univ. of Idaho; Moscow; ID; 83844; U.S.A
| | - Matthew Morra
- Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, Univ. of Idaho; Moscow; ID; 83844; U.S.A
| | - Caleb Nindo
- School of Food Science, Univ. of Idaho; Moscow; ID; 83844; U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu L, Zhu N, Guo H, Huang S, Lou Z, Yuan H. Adsorption and Fenton-like degradation of naphthalene dye intermediate on sewage sludge derived porous carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 246-247:145-153. [PMID: 23298740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A sewage sludge derived porous carbon (SC), which was prepared by physicochemical activation and carbonization (600°C), was applied for the adsorption and degradation of 1-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (1,2,4-Acid) in the presence of H(2)O(2) and the performance was compared to that of pure Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The prepared SC showed mesoporous structure with magnetic property, which made it favorable for solid-liquid separation application. Further experiments revealed that SC had a higher adsorption capacity and degradation efficiency of 1,2,4-Acid than bare Fe(3)O(4). The Langmuir and Freundlich model fitted the isotherm data and illustrated that the equilibrium adsorption amount of 1,2,4-Acid onto SC (95.1 mg g(-1)) was quadruple as large as that on Fe(3)O(4) (26.4 mg g(-1)). The subsequent degradation experiments were conducted at conditions (pH 5.0 in the presence of 15 mM H(2)O(2)) with regard to 1,2,4-Acid degradation efficiency and metal ions leach. The 120 min's treatment in SC/H(2)O(2) system achieved 94% of 1,2,4-Acid (from 150 mg L(-1) after adsorption equilibrium to 9 mg L(-1)) and 48.1% TOC reduction, far higher than the efficiency of 46% and 24.3% by using Fe(3)O(4) MNPs. Further analysis evidenced the co-catalytic effect of iron, carbon, silicon and aluminum, which existed in large quantities in sludge derived SC. The carbonaceous phase along with silica contributes to an increase in the dispersion of catalytic centers and an adsorbent to concentrate organic pollutant whereas the iron oxide as well as alumina provides the catalytic centers for a Haber-Weiss initiated reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jagannathan M, Grieser F, Ashokkumar M. Sonophotocatalytic degradation of paracetamol using TiO2 and Fe3+. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Frontistis Z, Mantzavinos D. Sonodegradation of 17α-ethynylestradiol in environmentally relevant matrices: laboratory-scale kinetic studies. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:77-84. [PMID: 21782489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sonochemical degradation of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in secondary treated effluents was investigated. Ultrasound irradiation was provided by a horn-type sonicator operating at 80 kHz. The effect of various operating conditions such as estrogen concentration (25-160 μg/L), power density (18-46 W/L), liquid bulk temperature (15-60 °C), gas sparging (air, oxygen, and helium), solution pH (3 and 7.8), as well as the addition of radical promoters (hydrogen peroxide) or catalysts (TiO2 and Fe2+) on degradation kinetics was evaluated. Changes in estrogen concentration were followed by high performance liquid chromatography and the yeast estrogen screening (YES) assay. EE2 degradation in the range 25-110 μg/L follows first order kinetics in regard to its concentration, while lower order kinetics occur at higher concentrations. The reaction rate increases linearly with applied power and decreases exponentially with temperature at the conditions in question. Continuous sparging of air or oxygen has little effect on the kinetics relative to air-equilibrated conditions, while helium has a marginally positive effect. The inorganic and organic contents of the wastewater matrix appear to promote degradation at inherent conditions in comparison to experiments in ultrapure water. Nevertheless, the addition of H2O2 (8.6 and 86 mg/L), Fe2+ (2.5-25 mg/L) or TiO2 (50-2000 mg/L) has no or, in some cases, adverse effect on kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechneioupolis, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Andreozzi R, Di Somma I, Marotta R, Pinto G, Pollio A, Spasiano D. Oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 3,4-dichlorophenol by means of Fe(III)-homogeneous photocatalysis and algal toxicity assessment of the treated solutions. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:2038-2048. [PMID: 21251692 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are used worldwide as broad-spectrum biocides and fungicides. They have half-life times in water from 0.6 to 550 h and in sediments up to 1700 h and, due to their numerous origins, they can be found in wastewaters, groundwaters or soils. Moreover, chlorophenols are not readily biodegradable. Recently, classic Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) have been proposed for their abatement in an aqueous solution. This paper investigates the oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 3,4-dichlorophenol, at starting concentrations of 6.1 · 10(-5) mol L(-1), in aqueous solutions through Fe(III)/O(2) homogeneous photocatalysis under UV light (303 ÷ 366 nm). The Fe(III)/O(2) homogeneous photocatalysis is less expensive than using H(2)O(2) due to the capability of Fe(III) to produce OH radicals, if irradiated with an UVA radiation, and of oxygen to re-oxidize ferrous ions to ferric ones when dissolved in solution. The results show that the best working conditions, for both compounds, are found for pH=3.0 and initial Fe(III) concentration equal to 1.5 · 10(-4) mol L(-1) although the investigated oxidizing system can be used even at pH close to 4.0 but with slower abatement kinetics. Toxicity assessment on algae indicates that treated solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenol are less toxic on algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata if compared to not treated solutions whereas in the case of 3,4-dichlorophenol only the samples collected during the runs at 20 and 60 min are capable of inhibiting the growth of the adopted organism. The values of the kinetic constant for the photochemical re-oxidation of iron (II) to iron (III) and for HO attack to intermediates are evaluated by a mathematical model for pH range of 2.0-3.0 and initial Fe(III) concentrations range of 1.5 · 10(-5)-5.2 · 10(-4) mol L(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Andreozzi
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, p.le V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sillanpää M, Pham TD, Shrestha RA. Ultrasound Technology in Green Chemistry. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2409-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Madhavan J, Grieser F, Ashokkumar M. Degradation of formetanate hydrochloride by combined advanced oxidation processes. Sep Purif Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
Naddeo V, Belgiorno V, Kassinos D, Mantzavinos D, Meric S. Ultrasonic degradation, mineralization and detoxification of diclofenac in water: optimization of operating parameters. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2010; 17:179-85. [PMID: 19481967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The 20 kHz ultrasound-induced degradation of non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) was investigated. Several operating conditions, such as power density (25-100 W/L), substrate concentration (2.5-80 mg/L), initial solution pH (3.5-11), liquid bulk temperature and the type of sparging gas (air, oxygen, argon), were tested concerning their effect on DCF degradation (as assessed measuring absorbance at 276 nm) and hydroxyl radicals generation (as assessed measuring H(2)O(2) concentration). Sample mineralization (in terms of TOC and COD removal), aerobic biodegradability (as assessed by the BOD(5)/COD ratio) and ecotoxicity to Daphnia magna and Artemia salina were followed too. DCF conversion is enhanced at increased applied power densities and liquid bulk temperatures, acidic conditions and in the presence of dissolved air or oxygen. The reaction rate increases with increasing DCF concentration in the range 2.5-5mg/L but it remains constant in the range 40-80 mg/L, indicating different kinetic regimes (i.e. first and zero order, respectively). H(2)O(2) production rates in pure water are higher than those in DCF solutions, implying that decomposition basically proceeds through hydroxyl radical reactions. Mineralization is a slow process as reaction by-products are more stable than DCF to total oxidation; nonetheless, they are also more readily biodegradable. Toxicity to D. magna increases during the early stages of the reaction and then decreases progressively upon degradation of reaction by-products; nevertheless, complete toxicity elimination cannot be achieved at the conditions in question. Neither the original nor the treated DCF samples are toxic to A. salina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Naddeo
- University of Salerno, Department of Civil Engineering, SEED Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, via Ponte don Melillo 1, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naddeo V, Meriç S, Kassinos D, Belgiorno V, Guida M. Fate of pharmaceuticals in contaminated urban wastewater effluent under ultrasonic irradiation. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:4019-27. [PMID: 19589554 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of sonolysis (US) for remediation of wastewater is an area of increasing interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonic (US) process on the degradation of pharmaceuticals (diclofenac (DCF), amoxicillin (AMX), carbamazepine (CBZ)) in single solutions and also in three mixtures spiked in urban wastewater effluent. Several operating conditions, such as power density (25-100 W L(-1)), initial substrate concentrations (2.5-10 mg L(-1)), initial solution pH (3-11), and air sparging were varied for the evaluation and understanding of the process. The degradation (as assessed by measuring UV absorbance), the generation of hydroxyl radicals (as assessed measuring H(2)O(2) concentration), the mineralization (in terms of TOC and COD removal), and the aerobic biodegradability (as assessed by the BOD(5)/COD ratio) were monitored during sonication. Ecotoxicity to Daphnia magna, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lepidium sativum before and after treatment was also evaluated. It was found that the pharmaceuticals conversion is enhanced at increased applied power densities, acidic conditions and in the presence of dissolved air. The reaction rate increases with increasing initial concentration of single pharmaceuticals but it remains constant in the mixtures, indicating different kinetic regimes (i.e. first and zero order respectively). Mineralization is a slow process as reaction by-products are more stable than pharmaceuticals to total oxidation; nonetheless, they are also more readily biodegradable. The toxicity of the wastewater samples before and after contamination with pharmaceuticals both in mixtures and in single substance-containing solutions was observed more severely on P. subcapitata; a fact that raises concerns in regards to the discharge of such effluents. D. magna displayed less sensitivity compared to P. subcapitata because it belongs in a lower taxonomic species than D. magna. The germination index of L. sativum in the presence of the drugs' mixture was stimulated instead of inducing any toxicity effect and this might be attributed to the fact the sample, laden with very low drug concentrations was able to act as a provider of additional nutrient elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Naddeo
- University of Salerno, Department of Civil Engineering, SEED Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Papadopoulos AE, Fatta D, Loizidou M. Development and optimization of dark Fenton oxidation for the treatment of textile wastewaters with high organic load. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 146:558-63. [PMID: 17573189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The examination of the effectiveness of the chemical oxidation using Fenton's reagent (H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+)) for the reduction of the organic content of wastewater generated from a textile industry has been studied. The experimental results indicate that the oxidation process leads to a reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration up to 45%. Moreover, the reduction is reasonably fast at the first stages of the process, since the COD concentration is decreased up to 45% within four hours and further treatment time does not add up to the overall decrease in the COD concentration (48% reduction within six hours). The maximum color removal achieved was 71.5%. In addition, the alterations observed in the organic matter during the development of the process, as indicated by the ratios of COD/TOC and BOD/COD and the oxidation state, show that a great part of the organic substances, which are not completely mineralized, are subjected to structural changes to intermediate organic by-products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Papadopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Heroon Polytechniou Street, 15773 Zografou, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|