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Álvarez-Chávez E, Godbout S, Généreux M, Côté C, Rousseau AN, Fournel S. Treatment of cow manure from exercise pens: A laboratory-scale study of the effect of air injection on conventional and alternative biofilters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119637. [PMID: 38000274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Woodchips in stand-off pads for wintering cows have been applied in countries like Ireland and New Zealand. Their primary role is to protect soils by effectively filtering nutrients during wet conditions, while ensuring a healthy and comfortable environment for the cows. The stand-off pad concept has the potential to be adopted in Canada to provide year-long outdoor access to tie-stall dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternative filtering materials and bed aeration under controlled laboratory conditions. Twelve biofilter columns (0.3 m in diameter and 1-m high) were installed in 12 environmentally-controlled chambers (1.2-m wide by 2.4-m long), and divided into four treatments: a bed of conventional woodchips or an alternative mix of organic materials (sphagnum peat moss, woodchips and biochar) with and without aeration (flux rate set at 0.6 m3/min/m2). Approximately 0.6 L of semi-synthetic dairy manure and 1 L of tap water were poured on the biofilters during two experimental periods of 4 weeks, simulating the effect of either winter or summer conditions (room temperature below or over 10 °C) on the retention of nutrients and fecal bacteria. Results showed that the alternative biofilters under both summer and winter conditions were more efficient in removing COD, SS, TN, and NO3-N than conventional biofilters (maximum efficiencies of 97.6%, 99.7%, 96.4%, and 98.4%, respectively). Similarly for E. coli, they achieved a minimum concentration of 1.8 Log10 CFU/100 ml. Conventional biofilters were more efficient for PO4-P removal with a maximum efficiency of 88.2%. Aeration did not have any significant effect under the tested temperature conditions. Additional factors such as media adaptation time as well as aeration flow during this period should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Álvarez-Chávez
- Département des sols et de génie agroalimentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Stéphane Godbout
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), Quebec City, Quebec, G1P 3W8, Canada.
| | - Mylène Généreux
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), Quebec City, Quebec, G1P 3W8, Canada.
| | - Caroline Côté
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-Environment (IRDA), Quebec City, Quebec, G1P 3W8, Canada.
| | - Alain N Rousseau
- INRS-ETE/Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Fournel
- Département des sols et de génie agroalimentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Dia O, Drogui P, Buelna G, Dubé R. Hybrid process, electrocoagulation-biofiltration for landfill leachate treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 75:391-399. [PMID: 29477648 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are known for their high and complex composition of organic, inorganic and microbial pollutants. As a result, it is quite challenging to treat these effluents by using only one treatment process. A combining approach is generally required to treat efficiently these wastewaters and comply with the discharge standards. In this present study, electrocoagulation (EC) and biofiltration (BF) processes were sequentially used to treat landfill leachate. EC process has been able to remove 37 ± 2% of the initial total COD. A fractionation of organic compounds showed that EC was particularly efficient to remove insoluble COD and humic acids. In addition, other pollutants such as turbidity, true color, Zn and phosphorus were significantly reduced by EC with 82 ± 2.7%, 60 ± 13%, 95 ± 2.6% and 82 ± 5.5% of removal respectively. The subsequent treatment by BF process led to completely removal of ammonia pollution (>99% of NH4 removal) and a partial removal of dissolved organic compounds (42 ± 7% of COD removal). The hybrid process EC/BF could form the basis of a process capable of removing organic and inorganic pollutants from many refractory wastewaters (mature landfill leachates, industrial and municipal wastewaters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Dia
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Quebec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Patrick Drogui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Quebec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Gerardo Buelna
- Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC G1P 4C7, Canada.
| | - Rino Dubé
- Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC G1P 4C7, Canada.
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Oumar D, Patrick D, Gerardo B, Rino D, Ihsen BS. Coupling biofiltration process and electrocoagulation using magnesium-based anode for the treatment of landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:477-483. [PMID: 27420170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research paper, a combination of biofiltration (BF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes was used for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachate. Landfill leachate is often characterized by the presence of refractory organic compounds (BOD/COD < 0.13). BF process was used as secondary treatment to remove effectively ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4 removal of 94%), BOD (94% removed), turbidity (95% removed) and phosphorus (more than 98% removed). Subsequently, EC process using magnesium-based anode was used as tertiary treatment. The best performances of COD and color removal from landfill leachate were obtained by applying a current density of 10 mA/cm(2) through 30 min of treatment. The COD removal reached 53%, whereas 85% of color removal was recorded. It has been proved that the alkalinity had a negative effect on COD removal during EC treatment. COD removal efficiencies of 52%, 41% and 27% were recorded in the presence of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g/L of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), respectively. Hydroxide ions produced at the cathode electrode reacted with the bicarbonate ions to form carbonates. The presence of bicarbonates in solution hampered the increase in pH, so that the precipitation of magnesium hydroxides could not take place to effectively remove organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Oumar
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Quebec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Drogui Patrick
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Quebec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Buelna Gerardo
- Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC, G1P 4C7, Canada.
| | - Dubé Rino
- Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), 333 rue Franquet, Québec, QC, G1P 4C7, Canada.
| | - Ben Salah Ihsen
- E2Metrix Inc, 3905 Rue Lesage, Sherbrooke, QC, J1L 2Z9, Canada.
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Sosa-Hernández DB, Vigueras-Cortés JM, Garzón-Zúñiga MA. Mesquite wood chips (Prosopis) as filter media in a biofilter system for municipal wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1454-1462. [PMID: 27003088 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The biofiltration system over organic bed (BFOB) uses organic filter material (OFM) to treat municipal wastewater (MWW). This study evaluated the performance of a BFOB system employing mesquite wood chips (Prosopis) as OFM. It also evaluated the effect of hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) in order to achieve the operational parameters required to remove organic matter, suspended material, and pathogens, thus meeting Mexican and US regulations for reuse in irrigation. Two biofilters (BFs) connected in series were installed; the first one aerated (0.62 m(3)air m(-2)h(-1)) and the second one unaerated. The source of MWW was a treatment plant located in Durango, Mexico. For 200 days, three HLRs (0.54, 1.07, and 1.34 m(3)m(-2)d(-1)) were tested. The maximum HLR at which the system showed a high removal efficiency of pollutants and met regulatory standards for reuse in irrigation was 1.07 m(3)m(-2)d(-1), achieving removal efficiencies of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 92%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 78%, total suspended solids (TSS) 95%, and four log units of fecal coliforms. Electrical conductivity in the effluent ensures that it would not cause soil salinity. Therefore, mesquite wood chips can be considered an innovative material suitable as OFM for BFs treating wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Sosa-Hernández
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional CIIDIR-IPN-Unidad Durango. Sigma 119, Fraccionamiento 20 de Noviembre II, Dgo., Durango 34220, México E-mail: ;
| | - J M Vigueras-Cortés
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional CIIDIR-IPN-Unidad Durango. Sigma 119, Fraccionamiento 20 de Noviembre II, Dgo., Durango 34220, México E-mail: ;
| | - M A Garzón-Zúñiga
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional CIIDIR-IPN-Unidad Durango. Sigma 119, Fraccionamiento 20 de Noviembre II, Dgo., Durango 34220, México E-mail: ;
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Zhao B, Li J, Buelna G, Dubé R, Le Bihan Y. A combined upflow anaerobic sludge bed and trickling biofilter process for the treatment of swine wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:1265-1275. [PMID: 26588487 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A combined upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)-trickling biofilter (TBF) process was constructed to treat swine wastewater, a typical high-strength organic wastewater with low carbon/nitrogen ratio and ammonia toxicity. The results showed that the UASB-TBF system can remarkably enhance the removal of pollutants in the swine wastewater. At an organic loading rate of 2.29 kg/m(3) d and hydraulic retention time of 48 h in the UASB, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), Suspended Solids and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen removals of the combined process reached 83.6%, 84.1% and 41.2%, respectively. In the combined system the UASB served as a pretreatment process for COD removal while nitrification and denitrification occurred only in the TBF process. The TBF performed reasonably well at a surface hydraulic load as high as 0.12 m(3)/m(2) d. Since the ratio of influent COD to total mineral nitrogen was less than 3.23, it is reasonable to suggest that the wood chips in TBF can serve as a new carbon source for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangzheng Li
- b Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Gerardo Buelna
- b Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Rino Dubé
- b Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Yann Le Bihan
- b Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec , Québec , Canada
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Frutos OD, Arvelo IA, Pérez R, Quijano G, Muñoz R. Continuous nitrous oxide abatement in a novel denitrifying off-gas bioscrubber. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3695-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Zhao B, Li J, Leu SY. An innovative wood-chip-framework soil infiltrator for treating anaerobic digested swine wastewater and analysis of the microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 173:384-391. [PMID: 25444881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Combined anaerobic-aerobic processes are efficacious and economic approaches in treating swine wastewater. Nitrogen removal efficiency of these processes, however, is usually limited due to the low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of the wastewater. An innovative wood-chip-framework soil infiltrator (WFSI) was developed and its performance in treating anaerobic digested swine wastewater was investigated. The WFSI showed comparable removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and amongst the highest efficiency of nitrogen removal in treating low C/N wastewater. At a COD volume loading rate of 98.6 g/m3 d the WFSI could remove up to 47.7 g/m3 d of COD. Removal rates of NH4+-N and total nitrogen, also reached 69.1 and 30.4 g/m3 d, respectively, when NH4+-N loading rate was 88.4 g/m3 d. Biological analysis indicated that aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic microbiota occurred throughout the WFSI. Abundant cellulose and lignin decomposing bacteria could degrade the wood chips and provided extra carbon source to enhance denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Saminathan SKM, Galvez-Cloutier R, Kamal N. Performance and Microbial Diversity of Aerated Trickling Biofilter Used for Treating Cheese Industry Wastewater. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:149-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carney KN, Rodgers M, Lawlor PG, Zhan X. Treatment of separated piggery anaerobic digestate liquid using woodchip biofilters. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:663-670. [PMID: 23837316 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.710408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Irish nitrates directive restricts the land area suitable for landspreading of pig manure, so anaerobic digestion warrants consideration. In this study, six identical Lodgepole pine woodchip biofilters were set up to treat the separated liquid fraction of digestate after anaerobic digestion of pig manure. Two hydraulic loading rates were examined: 5 L/m2/d (LLR) and 10 L/m2/d (HLR). Following a start-up period of 70 days, an average of 90% and 71% of NH4(+)-N was removed at LLR and HLR, respectively. LLR resulted in higher total nitrogen removals than HLR (p < 0.05). Efficient nitrification occurred at LLR as indicated by the lower NH4(+)-N (p < 0.05) and higher NO3(-)-N (p < 0.05) concentrations in the biofilter effluent. A batch experiment testing the capacity of saturated woodchips in removing total oxidized nitrogen (TON) from the effluent of the woodchip biofilters showed that TON was reduced by 323 mg/L from 663 mg/L in 360 h, indicating that the aerobic woodchip biofilters should incorporate a saturated layer ofwoodchips at the base ofthe biofilters to enhance nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Carney
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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