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Nutritional status of Onges of Little Andaman Island - Current state and the change over the last fifteen years. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2018; 69:29-36. [PMID: 29728256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Onges, an indigenous vulnerable tribe, inhabit the Little Andaman Island. Study undertaken during 1997, recorded high prevalence of undernutrition among children. Subsequently, food rationing was modified by Andaman and Nicobar administration. In the present study, health and nutritional status of this tribe was assessed in 2013 after a gap of 15 years. All individuals in the tribe were included. Various health parameters, viz, nutritional anthropometry, haemoglobin level, fasting sugar, lipids and intestinal parasites were investigated. Prevalence of stunted growth and underweight among children of 0-5 years was 86.4%. Severe underweight were more prevalent (40%), as compared to those recorded 15 years ago (10%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There has been a substantial improvement in the overall nutritional status of children in the age group of <18 years. The prevalence of wasting has halved and that of stunting and wasting has come down to one-third of that observed in 1997. Prevalence of anaemia significantly declined from 87% in 1997 to 51% 15 years later.
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Anwesh M, Kumar KV, Nagarajan M, Chander MP, Kartick C, Paluru V. Elucidating the richness of bacterial groups in the gut of Nicobarese tribal community – Perspective on their lifestyle transition. Anaerobe 2016; 39:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Stock JT. The skeletal phenotype of "negritos" from the Andaman Islands and Philippines relative to global variation among hunter-gatherers. Hum Biol 2015; 85:67-94. [PMID: 24297221 DOI: 10.3378/027.085.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The "negrito hypothesis" suggests that populations of small-bodied foragers in South and Southeast Asia who share common phenotypic characteristics may also share a common, ancient origin. The key defining characteristics of the "negrito" phenotype, small body size, dark skin, and tightly curled hair, have been interpreted as linking these populations to sub-Saharan Africans. The underlying assumption of this interpretation is that the observed phenotypic similarities likely reflect shared ancestry rather than phenotypic convergence. Current genetic evidence is inconclusive, as it both demonstrates that negrito populations have genetic affinities with neighboring populations but also rare and ancient variation that suggests considerable isolation. This study investigates the skeletal phenotype of Andaman Islanders and Aeta foragers from the Philippines in the context of the phenotypic variation among other hunter-gatherers globally, to test whether they show a common, unique physique apart from small body size. Particular emphasis is placed on the comparison of negrito phenotypes to African, Asian, and Australian hunter-gatherer diversity to investigate phenotypic similarities to other populations globally. The results demonstrate that despite sharing small adult stature, the Andaman Islanders and Aeta show variation in body dimensions. In particular, the Andaman Islanders share a pattern of narrow bi-iliac breadth and short upper limbs with the Khoisan (Later Stone Age Southern Africans), whereas the Aeta and Efé show broader bi-iliac breadths relative to lower limb lengths. Although general similarities in size and proportions remain between the Andamanese and Aeta, differences in humero-femoral indices and arm length between these groups and the Efé demonstrate that there is not a generic "pygmy" phenotype. Our interpretations of negrito origins and adaptation must account for this phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay T Stock
- Phenotypic Adaptability, Variation and Evolution Research Group, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DF, UK
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Hatin WI, Nur-Shafawati AR, Etemad A, Jin W, Qin P, Xu S, Jin L, Tan SG, Limprasert P, Feisal MA, Rizman-Idid M, Zilfalil BA. A genome wide pattern of population structure and admixture in peninsular Malaysia Malays. THE HUGO JOURNAL 2014; 8:5. [PMID: 27090253 PMCID: PMC7735395 DOI: 10.1186/s11568-014-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The Malays consist of various sub-ethnic groups which are believed to have different ancestral origins based on their migrations centuries ago. The sub-ethnic groups can be divided based on the region they inhabit; the northern (Melayu Kedah and Melayu Kelantan), western (Melayu Minang) and southern parts (Melayu Bugis and Melayu Jawa) of Peninsular Malaysia. We analyzed 54,794 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were shared by 472 unrelated individuals from 17 populations to determine the genetic structure and distributions of the ancestral genetic components in five Malay sub-ethnic groups namely Melayu Bugis, Melayu Jawa, Melayu Minang, Melayu Kedah, and Melayu Kelantan. We also have included in the analysis 12 other study populations from Thailand, Indonesia, China, India, Africa and Orang Asli sub-groups in Malay Peninsula, obtained from the Pan Asian SNP Initiative (PASNPI) Consortium and International HapMap project database. Results We found evidence of genetic influx from Indians to Malays, more in Melayu Kedah and Melayu Kelantan which are genetically different from the other Malay sub-ethnic groups, but similar to Thai Pattani. More than 98% of these northern Malays haplotypes could be found in either Indians or Chinese populations, indicating a highly admixture pattern among populations. Nevertheless, the ancestry lines of Malays, Indonesians and Thais were traced back to have shared a common ancestor with the Proto-Malays and Chinese. Conclusions These results support genetic admixtures in the Peninsular Malaysia Malay populations and provided valuable information on the enigmatic demographical history as well as shed some insights into the origins of the Malays in the Malay Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Isa Hatin
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ab Rajab Nur-Shafawati
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Etemad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wenfei Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Qin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Soon-Guan Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pornprot Limprasert
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Merican Amir Feisal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL),Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Bin Alwi Zilfalil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Benjamin G. Why Have the Peninsular “Negritos” Remained Distinct? Hum Biol 2013; 85:445-84. [DOI: 10.3378/027.085.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ang KC, Leow JWH, Yeap WK, Hood S, Mahani MC, Md-Zain BM. Phylogenetic relationships of the Orang Asli and Iban of Malaysia based on maternal markers. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:640-9. [PMID: 21491374 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Malaysia remains as a crossroad of different cultures and peoples, and it has long been recognized that studying its population history can provide crucial insight into the prehistory of Southeast Asia as a whole. The earliest inhabitants were the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia and the indigenous groups in Sabah and Sarawak. Although they were the earliest migrants in this region, these tribes are divided geographically by the South China Sea. We analyzed DNA sequences of 18 Orang Asli using mitochondrial DNA extracted from blood samples, each representing one sub-tribe, and from five Sarawakian Iban. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from hair samples in order to examine relationships with the main ethnic groups in Malaysia. The D-loop region and cytochrome b genes were used as the candidate loci. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using maximum parsimony and neighbor joining algorithms, and each tree was subjected to bootstrap analysis with 1000 replicates. Analyses of the HVS I region showed that the Iban are not a distinct group from the Orang Asli; they form a sub-clade within the Orang Asli. Based on the cytochrome b gene, the Iban clustered with the Orang Asli in the same clade. We found evidence for considerable gene flow between Orang Asli and Iban. We concluded that the Orang Asli, Iban and the main ethnic groups of Malaysia are probably derived from a common ancestor. This is in agreement with a single-route migration theory, but it does not dismiss a two-route migration theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Ang
- School of Environment and Natural Resource Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hatin WI, Nur-Shafawati AR, Zahri MK, Xu S, Jin L, Tan SG, Rizman-Idid M, Zilfalil BA. Population genetic structure of peninsular Malaysia Malay sub-ethnic groups. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18312. [PMID: 21483678 PMCID: PMC3071720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of modern human population structure are helpful in understanding the history of human migration and admixture. We conducted a study on genetic structure of the Malay population in Malaysia, using 54,794 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotype data generated in four Malay sub-ethnic groups in peninsular Malaysia (Melayu Kelantan, Melayu Minang, Melayu Jawa and Melayu Bugis). To the best of our knowledge this is the first study conducted on these four Malay sub-ethnic groups and the analysis of genotype data of these four groups were compiled together with 11 other populations' genotype data from Indonesia, China, India, Africa and indigenous populations in Peninsular Malaysia obtained from the Pan-Asian SNP database. The phylogeny of populations showed that all of the four Malay sub-ethnic groups are separated into at least three different clusters. The Melayu Jawa, Melayu Bugis and Melayu Minang have a very close genetic relationship with Indonesian populations indicating a common ancestral history, while the Melayu Kelantan formed a distinct group on the tree indicating that they are genetically different from the other Malay sub-ethnic groups. We have detected genetic structuring among the Malay populations and this could possibly be accounted for by their different historical origins. Our results provide information of the genetic differentiation between these populations and a valuable insight into the origins of the Malay sub-ethnic groups in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Isa Hatin
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ab Rajab Nur-Shafawati
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd-Khairi Zahri
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Soon-Guan Tan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rizman-Idid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics in Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare (CRYSTAL), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bin Alwi Zilfalil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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The Y-chromosome landscape of the Philippines: extensive heterogeneity and varying genetic affinities of Negrito and non-Negrito groups. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 19:224-30. [PMID: 20877414 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philippines exhibits a rich diversity of people, languages, and culture, including so-called 'Negrito' groups that have for long fascinated anthropologists, yet little is known about their genetic diversity. We report here, a survey of Y-chromosome variation in 390 individuals from 16 Filipino ethnolinguistic groups, including six Negrito groups, from across the archipelago. We find extreme diversity in the Y-chromosome lineages of Filipino groups with heterogeneity seen in both Negrito and non-Negrito groups, which does not support a simple dichotomy of Filipino groups as Negrito vs non-Negrito. Filipino non-recombining region of the human Y chromosome lineages reflect a chronology that extends from after the initial colonization of the Asia-Pacific region, to the time frame of the Austronesian expansion. Filipino groups appear to have diverse genetic affinities with different populations in the Asia-Pacific region. In particular, some Negrito groups are associated with indigenous Australians, with a potential time for the association ranging from the initial colonization of the region to more recent (after colonization) times. Overall, our results indicate extensive heterogeneity contributing to a complex genetic history for Filipino groups, with varying roles for migrations from outside the Philippines, genetic drift, and admixture among neighboring groups.
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Nava Saraswathy K, Pal Sachdeva M, Mukhopadhyay R, Shukla D, Kiranmala Devi N, Rawat S, Rao AP, Kumar Kalla A. Diversified genomic contribution among south Indian populations–A study on four endogamous groups of Andhra Pradesh. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 35:499-508. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460802252258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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