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Liang M, Gong F, Jin T, Sun B, Yang Y, Hu D, Fei Y. Characteristics of Picea neoveitchii tree growth in mountain areas of central China: insights from isotopic compositions and satellite-derived indices. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2022; 58:121-140. [PMID: 35272539 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2047961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf nitrogen (N) status and stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) were used to study environmental factors that control mountain individuals of Picea neoveitchii trees, a coniferous species endemic and endangered in China. From May to September 2016, we carried out observations at four different altitude locations extending southeast of Daba Mountain in western Hubei Province. Needle-shaped leaf δ13C was positively correlated with needle N and C content calculated from the needle area (Narea and Carea content), needle δ15N, needle mass, and leaf mass per area (LMA), respectively. Needle δ15N was also positively correlated with monthly temperature and precipitation for the current month and last month. The seasonal normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) was highest in June at the lowest altitude and August at the highest altitude. We found that N availability as an important driving factor for tree growth is controlled by surface soil temperature, while in summer, air temperatures above 23 °C exceed the physiological threshold of trees and limit the growth of trees. We concluded that the negative effect of higher temperature on tree growth is greater than the positive effect of higher nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochang Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Yangtze University), Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Gong
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jin
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Fei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
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Dulamsuren C, Hauck M. Drought stress mitigation by nitrogen in boreal forests inferred from stable isotopes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5211-5224. [PMID: 34309985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest growth in most parts of the boreal zone is originally limited by low temperatures and low nitrogen availability. Due to the rapid climate warming at high latitudes, an increasing forest area is switching to drought limitation, especially in continental and southern parts of the boreal forest. Studies addressing this issue were mostly dendrochronological and remote-sensing analyses focusing on climatic effects, but not answering the question whether drought is effective alone or in combination with nitrogen shortage at limiting the forests' productivity and vitality. Here we show in a case study from larch forests of Mongolia with a combination of stable isotope analyses, tree-ring analysis and bioindication of the local variability of livestock densities using epiphytic lichens that, in the studied highly drought-prone forests at the southern fringe of the boreal forest in Inner Asia, the trees' vulnerability to drought is modified by nitrogen fertilization from livestock kept in the vicinity and the edge of the forests. The most likely mechanism behind this drought-nitrogen interaction is the reduction of stomatal conductance, which is known to be induced by low nitrogen levels in plants. Nitrogen fertilization by the livestock could, thus, shorten the times of stomatal closure and thereby increase tree growth, which we measured as radial stem increment. Even though the underlying mechanisms, which were so far examined in angiosperms, should be experimentally tested for conifers, our results indicate that focusing on water alone is not enough to understand the climate change response of drought-limited boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Hauck
- Applied Vegetation Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Díaz-Álvarez EA, de la Barrera E. Influence of Land Use on the C and N Status of a C 4 Invasive Grass in a Semi-Arid Region: Implications for Biomonitoring. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050942. [PMID: 34065049 PMCID: PMC8151467 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution is an increasingly accepted practice. However, most existing biomonitors are usually epiphytic species from mesic environments. This work assessed the suitability of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), an invasive C4 grass in northwestern Mexico, as a biomonitor, by means of the spatial distribution of the carbon and nitrogen content and isotopic signatures for grass samples collected from urban, agricultural, and natural areas throughout the state of Sonora. We found the highest tissue carbon content of 45.6% (on a dry weight basis) and highest nitrogen content of 3.31% for buffelgrass from the Yaqui Valley. We also found the lowest δ13C of -15.9‰, and the highest δ15N of 16.7‰ in the same region. In contrast, the lowest carbon and nitrogen content of 39.4 and 1.49% were found for Bahía de Kino and Río Sonora mountains, respectively. The lowest δ15N of 2.18‰ and the highest δ13C of -13.7‰ were measured for two remote locations. These results show the influence that pollutant emissions, including agriculture and transportation, have on elemental and isotopic composition of vegetation. Buffelgrass is most adequate for tracking carbon and nitrogen emissions in arid environments and for determining alterations on nitrogen soil reactions, as a first approximation for saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison A. Díaz-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Universidad Veracruzana, Parque Ecológico “El Haya”, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec-Coapexpan, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico;
| | - Erick de la Barrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José del Cerrito, Morelia Michoacán 58190, Mexico
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Mętrak M, Pokarowski P, Sulwiński M, Gantumur A, Suska-Malawska M. Plant response to N availability in permafrost-affected alpine wetlands in arid and semi-arid climate zones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 721:137791. [PMID: 32172125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient cycling in alpine permafrost-affected wetlands remains insufficiently studied, as it is influenced by a complex network of interrelated climatic and environmental factors, at both regional and local scale. Therefore, we applied mathematical models to examine relationship between environmental factors and plant functional traits reflecting N availability in wetland communities developed under locally variable conditions in a geographic and climatic gradient of high-altitude habitats. Moreover, we assessed impact of local differences in soil chemistry on plant fractionation of N isotopes as a response to N availability. Based on environmental data and chemistry of biomass from 192 study sites from the Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan) and Khangai and Khentei Mountains (Mongolia), a matrix of rank correlations was prepared for regional and local factors and community level plant functional traits. For the traits that were highly correlated either with regional or with local drivers (that is plant N:P ratio and plant δ15N), linear models were built, with a limited set of predictors selected according to the Risk Inflation Criterion and the SOS algorithm. The models were fitted for each of the studied regions. Presented regional models indicated significant influence of soil NH4+ and/or PO43- content on plant N:P ratio, which showed increase with altitude and lowering precipitation. Thus, its values clearly distinguished between the Pamir Mountains (high N:P) and the Mongolian ranges (low N:P). Models for plant δ15N showed its strong positive correlations with soil δ15N and soil salinity. Average values of plant δ15N were comparable for both study areas. The studied plant functional traits showed different response to regional and local drivers. Plant N:P ratio was controlled by regional drivers via their influence on soil NH4+ content. Contrastingly, plant δ15N was significantly affected by local factors, namely soil δ15N and soil salinity expressed as Na:EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mętrak
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pokarowski
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sulwiński
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Altantsetseg Gantumur
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Suska-Malawska
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
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Teixeira MC, Vitória AP, de Rezende CE, de Almeida MG, Nardoto GB. Consequences of removal of exotic species (eucalyptus) on carbon and nitrogen cycles in the soil-plant system in a secondary tropical Atlantic forest in Brazil with a dual-isotope approach. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9222. [PMID: 32523812 PMCID: PMC7261475 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of exotic species on heterogeneous native tropical forest requires the understanding on which temporal and spatial scales these processes take place. Functional tracers such as carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic composition in the soil-plant system might help track the alterations induced by the exotic species. Thus, we assess the effects from the removal of the exotic species eucalyptus (Corymbia cytriodora) in an Atlantic forest Reserve, and eucalyptus removal on the alteration of the nutrient dynamics (carbon and nitrogen). The hypotheses were: (1) the eucalyptus permanence time altered δ13C and δ15N in leaves, soils and litter fractions (leaves, wood, flowers + fruits, and rest); and (2) eucalyptus removal furthered decomposition process of the soil organic matter. Hence, we determined the soil granulometry, the δ13C and δ15N in leaves, in the superficial soil layer, and litter in three sites: a secondary forest in the Atlantic forest, and other two sites where eucalyptus had been removed in different times: 12 and 3 months ago (M12 and M3, respectively). Litter samples presented intermediate δ13C and δ15N values in comparison with leaves and soil. In the M3, the greater δ13C values in both litter rest fraction and soil indicate the presence, cycling and soil incorporation of C, coming from the C4 photosynthesis of grassy species (Poaceae). In the secondary forest, the soil δ15N values were twice higher, compared with the eucalyptus removal sites, revealing the negative influence from these exotic species upon the ecosystem N dynamics. In the M12, the leaves presented higher δ13C mean value and lower δ15N values, compared with those from the other sites. The difference of δ13C values in the litter fractions regarding the soil led to a greater fractioning of 13C in all sites, except the flower + fruit fractions in the secondary forest, and the rest fraction in the M3 site. We conclude that the permanence of this exotic species and the eucalyptus removal have altered the C and N isotopic and elemental compositions in the soil-plant system. Our results suggest there was organic matter decomposition in all litter fractions and in all sites. However, a greater organic matter decomposition process was observed in the M3 soil, possibly because of a more intense recent input of vegetal material, as well as the presence of grassy, easily-decomposing herbaceous species, only in this site. Therefore, the dual-isotope approach generated a more integrated picture of the impact on the ecosystem after removing eucalyptus in this secondary Atlantic forest, and could be regarded as an option for future eucalyptus removal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Carvalho Teixeira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela Pierre Vitória
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B. Nardoto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Jones JR, Richards MP, Straus LG, Reade H, Altuna J, Mariezkurrena K, Marín-Arroyo AB. Changing environments during the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in the eastern Cantabrian Region (Spain): direct evidence from stable isotope studies on ungulate bones. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14842. [PMID: 30287834 PMCID: PMC6172272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental change has been proposed as a factor that contributed to the extinction of the Neanderthals in Europe during MIS3. Currently, the different local environmental conditions experienced at the time when Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) met Neanderthals are not well known. In the Western Pyrenees, particularly, in the eastern end of the Cantabrian coast of the Iberian Peninsula, extensive evidence of Neanderthal and subsequent AMH activity exists, making it an ideal area in which to explore the palaeoenvironments experienced and resources exploited by both human species during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. Red deer and horse were analysed using bone collagen stable isotope analysis to reconstruct environmental conditions across the transition. A shift in the ecological niche of horses after the Mousterian demonstrates a change in environment, towards more open vegetation, linked to wider climatic change. In the Mousterian, Aurignacian and Gravettian, high inter-individual nitrogen ranges were observed in both herbivores. This could indicate that these individuals were procured from areas isotopically different in nitrogen. Differences in sulphur values between sites suggest some variability in the hunting locations exploited, reflecting the human use of different parts of the landscape. An alternative and complementary explanation proposed is that there were climatic fluctuations within the time of formation of these archaeological levels, as observed in pollen, marine and ice cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Jones
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, (Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Gobierno de Cantabria), Santander, 39005, Spain
- Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael P Richards
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Archaeology, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, B.C, Canada
| | - Lawrence G Straus
- University of New Mexico, Anthropology Department, MSC01 1040, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Hazel Reade
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY UK, UK
| | - Jesús Altuna
- Centro de Conservación e Investigación de los Materiales Arqueológicos y Paleontológicos de Gipuzkoa, Paseo Zarategi, 84-88, Donostia/San Sebastián, 20015, Spain
| | - Koro Mariezkurrena
- Centro de Conservación e Investigación de los Materiales Arqueológicos y Paleontológicos de Gipuzkoa, Paseo Zarategi, 84-88, Donostia/San Sebastián, 20015, Spain
| | - Ana B Marín-Arroyo
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, (Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Gobierno de Cantabria), Santander, 39005, Spain.
- Leverhulme Centre for Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom.
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Schnitzler A, Granado J, Putelat O, Arbogast RM, Drucker D, Eberhard A, Schmutz A, Klaefiger Y, Lang G, Salzburger W, Schibler J, Schlumbaum A, Bocherens H. Genetic diversity, genetic structure and diet of ancient and contemporary red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from north-eastern France. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189278. [PMID: 29304165 PMCID: PMC5755736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In north-eastern France, red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) populations were rebuilt from a few hundred individuals, which have subsisted in remote valleys of the Vosges mountains, and to a lesser extent from individuals escaped from private enclosures; at present times, this species occupies large areas, mainly in the Vosges Mountains. In this study, we examined the population dynamics of red deer in the Vosges Mountains using ancient and contemporary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 140 samples (23 ancient + 117 modern) spanning the last 7'000 years. In addition, we reconstructed the feeding habits and the habitat of red deer since the beginning of agriculture applying isotopic analyses in order to establish a basis for current environmental management strategies. We show that past and present red deer in the Vosges Mountains belong to mtDNA haplogroup A, suggesting that they originated from the Iberian refugium after the last glacial maximum (LGM). Palaeogenetic analysis of ancient bone material revealed the presence of two distinct haplotypes with different temporal distributions. Individuals belonging to the two haplotype groups apparently occupied two different habitats over at least 7'000 years. AM6 correlates with an ecological type that feeds in densely forested mountain landscapes, while AM235 correlates with feeding in lowland landscapes, composed of a mixture of meadows and riverine, herb-rich woodlands. Our results suggest that red deer of north-eastern France was able to adapt, over the long term, to these different habitat types, possibly due to efficient ethological barriers. Modern haplotype patterns support the historical record that red deer has been exposed to strong anthropogenic influences as a major game species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annik Schnitzler
- LIEC UMR 7360, University of Lorraine - UFR Sci FA, Campus Bridoux, Metz, France
- * E-mail:
| | - José Granado
- Integrative Prehistoric and Archaeological Science (IPAS), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Putelat
- Archéologie Alsace, Sélestat & UMR 7041 ArScan - Archéologies environnementales - Maison de l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie, Nanterre, France
| | | | - Dorothée Drucker
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Eberhard
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Schmutz
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yuri Klaefiger
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Joerg Schibler
- Integrative Prehistoric and Archaeological Science (IPAS), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angela Schlumbaum
- Integrative Prehistoric and Archaeological Science (IPAS), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Bocherens
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Dept of Geosciences (Biogeology), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Fujiyoshi L, Sugimoto A, Tsukuura A, Kitayama A, Lopez Caceres ML, Mijidsuren B, Saraadanbazar A, Tsujimura M. Spatial variations in larch needle and soil δ 15N at a forest-grassland boundary in northern Mongolia. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2017; 53:54-69. [PMID: 27426009 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2016.1206093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The spatial patterns of plant and soil δ15N and associated processes in the N cycle were investigated at a forest-grassland boundary in northern Mongolia. Needles of Larix sibirica Ledeb. and soils collected from two study areas were analysed to calculate the differences in δ15N between needle and soil (Δδ15N). Δδ15N showed a clear variation, ranging from -8 ‰ in the forest to -2 ‰ in the grassland boundary, and corresponded to the accumulation of organic layer. In the forest, the separation of available N produced in the soil with 15N-depleted N uptake by larch and 15N-enriched N immobilization by microorganisms was proposed to cause large Δδ15N, whereas in the grassland boundary, small Δδ15N was explained by the transport of the most available N into larch. The divergence of available N between larch and microorganisms in the soil, and the accumulation of diverged N in the organic layer control the variation in Δδ15N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fujiyoshi
- a Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Atsuko Sugimoto
- a Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
- b Faculty of Environmental Earth Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
- c Arctic Research Center , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Akemi Tsukuura
- a Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Asami Kitayama
- a Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | | | - Byambasuren Mijidsuren
- e Plant Protection Research Institute, Mongolian University of Life Sciences , Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia
| | - Ariunaa Saraadanbazar
- e Plant Protection Research Institute, Mongolian University of Life Sciences , Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia
| | - Maki Tsujimura
- f Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
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Röder J, Detsch F, Otte I, Appelhans T, Nauss T, Peters MK, Brandl R. Heterogeneous patterns of abundance of epigeic arthropod taxa along a major elevation gradient. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Röder
- Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Detsch
- Environmental Informatics; Faculty of Geography; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Deutschhausstrasse 12 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Insa Otte
- Environmental Informatics; Faculty of Geography; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Deutschhausstrasse 12 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Tim Appelhans
- Environmental Informatics; Faculty of Geography; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Deutschhausstrasse 12 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Thomas Nauss
- Environmental Informatics; Faculty of Geography; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Deutschhausstrasse 12 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Marcell K. Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology; Faculty of Biology; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8 35032 Marburg Germany
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10
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Nitzsche KN, Verch G, Premke K, Gessler A, Kayler ZE. Visualizing land‐use and management complexity within biogeochemical cycles of an agricultural landscape. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Nils Nitzsche
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Eberswalder Str. 84 Muencheberg 15374 Germany
| | - Gernot Verch
- Research Station Dedelow Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Steinfurther Str. 14 17291 Prenzlau Germany
| | - Katrin Premke
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Eberswalder Str. 84 Muencheberg 15374 Germany
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Mueggelseedamm 310 12587 Berlin Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Eberswalder Str. 84 Muencheberg 15374 Germany
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) Zuercherstrasse 111 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Zachary E. Kayler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Eberswalder Str. 84 Muencheberg 15374 Germany
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11
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Zech M, Zech R, Rozanski K, Gleixner G, Zech W. Do n-alkane biomarkers in soils/sediments reflect the δ²H isotopic composition of precipitation? A case study from Mt. Kilimanjaro and implications for paleoaltimetry and paleoclimate research. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2015; 51:508-524. [PMID: 26156121 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2015.1058790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade compound-specific deuterium ((2)H) analysis of plant leaf wax-derived n-alkanes has become a promising and popular tool in paleoclimate research. This is based on the widely accepted assumption that n-alkanes in soils and sediments generally reflect δ(2)H of precipitation (δ(2)H(prec)). Recently, several authors suggested that δ(2)H of n-alkanes (δ(2)H(n-alkanes)) can also be used as a proxy in paleoaltimetry studies. Here, we present results from a δ(2)H transect study (∼1500 to 4000 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) carried out on precipitation and soil samples taken from the humid southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Contrary to earlier suggestions, a distinct altitude effect in δ(2)H(prec) is present above ∼2000 m a.s.l., that is, δ(2)H(prec) values become more negative with increasing altitude. The compound-specific δ(2)H values of nC27 and nC29 do not confirm this altitudinal trend, but rather become more positive both in the O-layers (organic layers) and the Ah-horizons (mineral topsoils). Although our δ(2)H(n-alkane) results are in agreement with previously published results from the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro [Peterse F, van der Meer M, Schouten S, Jia G, Ossebaar J, Blokker J, Sinninghe Damsté J. Assessment of soil n-alkane δD and branched tetraether membrane lipid distributions as tools for paleoelevation reconstruction. Biogeosciences. 2009;6:2799-2807], a re-interpretation is required given that the δ(2)H(n-alkane) results do not reflect the δ(2)H(prec) results. The theoretical framework for this re-interpretation is based on the evaporative isotopic enrichment of leaf water associated with the transpiration process. Modelling results show that relative humidity, decreasing considerably along the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro (from 78% in ∼2000 m a.s.l. to 51% in 4000 m a.s.l.), strongly controls δ(2)H(leaf water). The modelled (2)H leaf water enrichment along the altitudinal transect matches well the measured (2)H leaf water enrichment as assessed by using the δ(2)H(prec) and δ(2)H(n-alkane) results and biosynthetic fractionation during n-alkane biosynthesis in leaves. Given that our results clearly demonstrate that n-alkanes in soils do not simply reflect δ(2)H(prec) but rather δ(2)H(leaf water), we conclude that care has to be taken not to over-interpret δ(2)H(n-alkane) records from soils and sediments when reconstructing δ(2)H of paleoprecipitation. Both in paleoaltimetry and in paleoclimate studies changes in relative humidity and consequently in δ(2)H(n-alkane) values can completely mask altitudinally or climatically controlled changes in δ(2)H(prec).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- a Department of Soil Physics , Chair of Geomorphology and Institute of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany
- b Department of Soil Biogeochemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Roland Zech
- c Geographical Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Kazimierz Rozanski
- d Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków , Poland
| | - Gerd Gleixner
- e Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry , Jena , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zech
- a Department of Soil Physics , Chair of Geomorphology and Institute of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany
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Bocherens H, Drucker DG, Madelaine S. Evidence for a (15)N positive excursion in terrestrial foodwebs at the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in south-western France: Implications for early modern human palaeodiet and palaeoenvironment. J Hum Evol 2014; 69:31-43. [PMID: 24630359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition around 35,000 years ago coincides with the replacement of Neanderthals by anatomically modern humans in Europe. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain this replacement, one of them being the ability of anatomically modern humans to broaden their dietary spectrum beyond the large ungulate prey that Neanderthals consumed exclusively. This scenario is notably based on higher nitrogen-15 amounts in early Upper Palaeolithic anatomically modern human bone collagen compared with late Neanderthals. In this paper, we document a clear increase of nitrogen-15 in bone collagen of terrestrial herbivores during the early Aurignacian associated with anatomically modern humans compared with the stratigraphically older Châtelperronian and late Mousterian fauna associated with Neanderthals. Carnivores such as wolves also exhibit a significant increase in nitrogen-15, which is similar to that documented for early anatomically modern humans compared with Neanderthals in Europe. A shift in nitrogen-15 at the base of the terrestrial foodweb is responsible for such a pattern, with a preserved foodweb structure before and after the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in south-western France. Such an isotopic shift in the terrestrial ecosystem may be due to an increase in aridity during the time of deposition of the early Aurignacian layers. If it occurred across Europe, such a shift in nitrogen-15 in terrestrial foodwebs would be enough to explain the observed isotopic trend between late Neanderthals and early anatomically modern humans, without any significant change in the diet composition at the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Bocherens
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Dorothée G Drucker
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Madelaine
- Musée National de Préhistoire, UMR 5199, 1 rue du musée, F-24620 Les Eyzies de Tayac, France; UMR 5199 PACEA/PPP, Université Bordeaux 1, av. des Facultés, Bât B18, 33405 Talence, France
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Conen F, Yakutin MV, Carle N, Alewell C. δ15N natural abundance may directly disclose perturbed soil when related to C:N ratio. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1101-1104. [PMID: 23592114 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Natural abundance δ(15) N values in soil samples analysed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) are often used to confirm a perturbation after it has been indicated by other parameters. We propose a concept of how δ(15)N values may a priori indicate a perturbation. METHODS We analysed the δ(15)N values and C:N ratios of 102 soil samples from five regions in northern Eurasia by using an elemental analyser coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. RESULTS Unperturbed samples ranged in δ(15)N values from -4.8 to 9.7 ‰ and in C:N ratio from 6.4 to 48.1. The δ(15)N values were linearly proportional to the inverse of the square root of the C:N ratio (R(2) = 0.79). At any particular C:N ratio, 94 % of the δ(15)N values of the unperturbed samples were within ±2.4 ‰, but 72 % of perturbed samples had values outside this range. CONCLUSIONS The δ(15)N natural abundance values, when related to the C:N ratios, may readily indicate perturbation of soil N cycling prior to other, more demanding investigations into related processes and extend the current use of IRMS in ecosystem research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Conen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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