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Lu CC, Yang JS, Chiu YJ, Tsai FJ, Hsu YM, Yin MC, Juan YN, Ho TJ, Chen HP. Dracorhodin perchlorate enhances wound healing via β-catenin, ERK/p38, and AKT signaling in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:822. [PMID: 34131445 PMCID: PMC8193218 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracorhodin can be isolated from the exudates of the fruit of Daemonorops draco. Previous studies suggested that dracorhodin perchlorate can promote fibroblast proliferation and enhance angiogenesis during wound healing. In the present study, the potential bioactivity of dracorhodin perchlorate in human HaCaT keratinocytes, were investigated in vitro, with specific focus on HaCaT wound healing. The results of in vitro scratch assay demonstrated the progressive closure of the wound after treatment with dracorhodin perchlorate in a time-dependent manner. An MTT assay and propidium iodide exclusion detected using flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability of HaCaT cells. Potential signaling pathways underlying the effects mediated by dracorhodin perchlorate in HaCaT cells were clarified by western blot analysis and kinase activity assays. Dracorhodin perchlorate significantly increased the protein expression levels of β-catenin and activation of AKT, ERK and p38 in HaCaT cells. In addition, dracorhodin perchlorate did not induce HaCaT cell proliferation but promoted cell migration. Other mechanisms may yet be involved in the dracorhodin perchlorate-induced wound healing process of human keratinocytes. In summary, dracorhodin perchlorate may serve to be a potential molecularly-targeted phytochemical that can improve skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Sport Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 40404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jen Chiu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yulin 65152, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hao-Ping Chen
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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2
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Ma C, Wei Z, Chen K, Wang C, Zhou C, Chen L, Zhang Q, Chen Z, He W, Xu J. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits osteoclastogenesis through repressing RANKL-stimulated NFATc1 activity. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3303-3313. [PMID: 31965715 PMCID: PMC7131942 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic skeletal disorders are caused by an imbalance in the osteoclast and osteoblast function. Suppressing the differentiation and resorptive function of osteoclast is a key strategy for treating osteolytic diseases. Dracorhodin perchlorate (D.P), an active component from dragon blood resin, has been used for facilitating wound healing and anti‐cancer treatments. In this study, we determined the effect of D.P on osteoclast differentiation and function. We have found that D.P inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation and resorbed pits of hydroxyapatite‐coated plate in a dose‐dependent manner. D.P also disrupted the formation of intact actin‐rich podosome structures in mature osteoclasts and inhibited osteoclast‐specific gene and protein expressions. Further, D.P was able to suppress RANKL‐activated JNK, NF‐κB and Ca2+ signalling pathways and reduces the expression level of NFATc1 as well as the nucleus translocation of NFATc1. Overall, these results indicated a potential therapeutic effect of D.P on osteoclast‐related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenquan Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiu Chen
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Lab of Orthopaedics of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Jinshazhou Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Joint Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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3
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Lu Z, Lu C, Li C, Jiao Y, Li Y, Zhang G. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 and AKT/FOXO3a pathways. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2091-2100. [PMID: 31322237 PMCID: PMC6691268 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP), a synthetic analogue of the anthocyanin red pigment dracorhodin, has been shown to exert various pharmacological effects, including anticancer activity. However, its effects on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells have not been previously investigated, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer activity remain unclear. In the present study, it was demonstrated that DP significantly reduced the viability of ESCC cells compared with that noted in normal human liver LO2 cells. Treatment with DP induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest through upregulation of p21 and p27, and downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdc2. Furthermore, DP treatment induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, which could be reversed by exposure to Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor. Western blotting demonstrated that DP induced apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways by upregulating death receptor 4 (DR4), DR5, cleaved caspase-3/-7/-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and by decreasing total PARP, total caspase-3/7, Bcl-2 and caspase-9/-10. Moreover, DP treatment decreased the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), AKT, and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) in ESCC cells, indicating that the activity of the JAK2/STAT3 and AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathways was inhibited. Therefore, DP is a promising therapeutic agent for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710082, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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4
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Yang LF, Liu X, Lv LL, Ma ZM, Feng XC, Ma TH. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits biofilm formation and virulence factors of Candida albicans. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:36-44. [PMID: 29477784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) against planktonic growth and virulence factors of Candida albicans. METHODS Microdilution method based on CLSI-M27-A3 was used to test the antifungal susceptibility of DP. The activity of DP against biofilm formation and development of C. albicans was quantified by XTT assay and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscope. The effect of DP on the morphological transition of C. albicans induced by four kinds of hyphal-inducing media at 37°C for 4hours was observed under microscope. The rescue experiment by adding exogenous cAMP analog was performed to investigate the involvement of cAMP in the yeast to hyphal transition and biofilm formation of C. albicans. Egg yolk emulsion agar was used to determine the inhibition of DP on the phospholipase production of C. albicans. Human JEG-3 and HUVEC cell lines, as well as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used to assess the toxicity of DP. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DP is 64μM while the antifungal activity was fungistatic. As low as a concentration at 16μM, DP could inhibit the yeast to hyphal transition in liquid RPMI-1640, Spider, GlcNAc and 10% FBS-containing Sabouroud Dextrose medium, as well as on the solid spider agar. Exogenous cAMP analog could rescue part of biofilm viability of C. albicans. DP could inhibit the production of phospholipase. The toxicity of DP against human cells and C. elegans is low. CONCLUSION DP could inhibit the planktonic growth and virulent factors in multiple stages, such as yeast to hyphal transition, adhesion, biofilm formation and production of phospholipase of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - X Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - L L Lv
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Z M Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041, China.
| | - X C Feng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - T H Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China.
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5
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Jiang XW, Qiao L, Liu L, Zhang BQ, Wang XW, Han YW, Yu WH. Dracorhodin Perchlorate Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:8950516. [PMID: 29333188 PMCID: PMC5733224 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8950516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) is extracted from Dragon's blood, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, especially in wound healing. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of DP ointment, which contained DP dissolved in DMSO and mixed with Vaseline, on cutaneous wound healing in Wistar rats. Forty Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and DP groups. The skin on the back of each rat was punched with two full-thickness wounds and then treated with the corresponding drug. After 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days, four rats were sacrificed for immunological, biochemical, and histological analyses. Compared with the control treatment, DP could significantly promote wound closure. Histological and biochemical analyses of the skin biopsies also showed that DP regulated the expression of inflammatory responses by TNF-α and IL-β and by supporting wound tissue growth and collagen deposition. Western blot revealed that DP could also facilitate the expression of EGF and VEGF proteins. In conclusion, DP promotes wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-wen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lu Qiao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bin-qing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xue-wei Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu-wen Han
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wen-hui Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
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6
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Kuo PC, Hung HY, Hwang TL, Du WK, Ku HC, Lee EJ, Tai SH, Chen FA, Wu TS. Anti-inflammatory Flavan-3-ol-dihydroretrochalcones from Daemonorops draco. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:783-789. [PMID: 28398735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Four A-type flavan-3-ol-dihydroretrochalcone dimers, dragonins A-D (1-4), were characterized from the traditional Chinese medicine Sanguis Draconis. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion and elastase. The signaling pathways accounting for the inhibitory effects of compound 2 were also elucidated. These purified A-type flavan-3-ol-dihydroretrochalcones are new potential leads for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University ; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chih Ku
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University ; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Medical Center and Medical School , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tai
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Medical Center and Medical School , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University , Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University , Pingtung 907, Taiwan
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7
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Li F, Jiang T, Liu W, Hu Q, Yin H. The angiogenic effect of dracorhodin perchlorate on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and its potential mechanism of action. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1667-72. [PMID: 27357516 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the key clinical feature of diabetes, and may induce refractory wound lesions and impaired angiogenesis. Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dra) is the major ingredient of dragon's blood and it has been used as a medicine to treat chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot, since ancient times in many cultures. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Dra on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under high‑glucose (HG) stimulation and its potential mechanism. Dra was observed to increase the multiplication capacity of HUVECs both under low glucose (LG) and HG concentrations. Additionally, migration and tube formation in HUVECs was facilitated by Dra. The expression levels of Ras, mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and vascular endothelial growth factor, which are key components of the Ras/MAPK pathway, were upregulated following Dra treatment. The present study is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of the effects of Dra on wound healing, and the association with the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Quan Hu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Huinan Yin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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8
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Chen X, Luo J, Meng L, Pan T, Zhao B, Tang ZG, Dai Y. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces the apoptosis of glioma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2364-72. [PMID: 26846469 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracorhodin perchlorate (Dp), a synthetic analogue of the antimicrobial anthocyanin red pigment, has recently been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in various types of cancer cells. Yet, the inhibitory effect of Dp on human glioma cells remains uninvestigated. Therefore, in the present study, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and cell cycle progression in glioma U87MG and T98G cells, respectively. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double staining and JC-1 staining were separately applied to determine cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential damage in the cells. The expression levels of associated proteins involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis were measured by western blotting. The activities of caspase‑9/-3 were determined by Caspase-Glo-9/3 assay. The results indicated that Dp treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and blocked cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase in the U87MG and T98G cells via the upregulation of p53 and p21 protein expression, and simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, Cdc2 and P-Cdc2 protein expression. Additionally, Dp treatment led to the loss of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential, and the release of cytochrome c, and strongly induced the occurence of apoptosis. Increased expression levels of Bim and Bax protein and the downregulated expression of Bcl-2 protein were observed. Caspase-9/-3 were activated and their activities were elevated after Dp treatment. These findings indicate that Dp inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in glioma cells, and is a possible candidate for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Linghu Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Taifeng Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Binjie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Gang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yongjian Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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9
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Wang Y, Yin J, Weng W, Liu Z, Huang J. Kinetic study of the degradation of forskolin in aqueous systems by stability-indicating HPLC method and identification of its degradation products. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1121151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Yin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyu Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhang G, Sun M, Zhang Y, Hua P, Li X, Cui R, Zhang X. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces G 1/G 0 phase arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in SK-MES-1 human lung squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:240-246. [PMID: 26171006 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) has recently been revealed to induce apoptosis in various types of cancer. However, the antitumor potential and molecular mechanisms of DP in human lung cancer have not been previously reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of DP on cell viability, the cell cycle and apoptosis, using an MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blot studies. DP was identified to induce cellular and DNA morphological changes, and decreased the viability of SK-MES-1 human lung squamous carcinoma cells. DP significantly inhibited the growth of SK-MES-1 cells by inducing apoptosis and G1/G0 cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner via activation of p53 (P<0.05). Furthermore, DP promoted the significant upregulation of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-activated X protein and significant downregulation of Bcl-2 (P<0.05), inducing dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, caspase-3 was activated by DP via the cleavage of its substrate, proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. DP also induced caspase-independent apoptosis by significantly increasing the protein expression of the apoptosis-inducing factor (P<0.05), which is localized in mitochondria under the physiological conditions and released into the cytoplasm when MMP is dissipated. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that DP significantly increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (P<0.05). In conclusion, the current study revealed that DP is able to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SK-MES-1 cells via activation of the mitochondrial pathway, indicating that DP may be a potential leading compound for the development of future lung cancer therapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Peiyan Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Zhang P, Li J, Tang X, Zhang J, Liang J, Zeng G. Dracorhodin perchlorate induces apoptosis in primary fibroblasts from human skin hypertrophic scars via participation of caspase-3. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 728:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Qiu JX, He YQ, Wang Y, Xu RL, Qin Y, Shen X, Zhou SF, Mao ZF. Plumbagin induces the apoptosis of human tongue carcinoma cells through the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2013; 19:228-36. [PMID: 23982457 PMCID: PMC3762523 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.884004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plumbagin, a quinonoid constituent isolated from the root of Plumbago zeylanica L., has been proven to possess anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, its anti-tumor properties for human tongue carcinoma have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanism of plumbagin on the growth of human tongue carcinoma cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell proliferation ability was detected by EdU incorporation assay and colony formation assay. Cell-cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometric analysis using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cellular apoptosis was then evaluated by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blotting was applied to assay the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. RESULTS Plumbagin inhibited the growth and proliferation of Tca8113 cells in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The cell cycles of plumbagin-treated Tca8113 cells were arrested at the G2/M phase. Cells treated with plumbagin presented the characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis. The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was raised by plumbagin in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that plumbagin induces the apoptosis of Tca8113 cells through mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-xuan Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
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Yu JH, Zheng GB, Liu CY, Zhang LY, Gao HM, Zhang YH, Dai CY, Huang L, Meng XY, Zhang WY, Yu XF. Dracorhodin perchlorate induced human breast cancer MCF-7 apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1149-56. [PMID: 23869191 PMCID: PMC3714391 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) was a synthetic analogue of the antimicrobial anthocyanin red pigment dracorhodin. It was reported that DP could induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer, human gastric tumor cells and human melanoma, but the cytotoxic effect of DP on human breast cancer was not investigated. This study would investigate whether DP was a candidate chemical of anti-human breast cancer. METHODS The MTT assay reflected the number of viable cells through measuring the activity of cellular enzymes. Phase contrast microscopy visualized cell morphology. Fluorescence microscopy detected nuclear fragmentation after Hoechst 33258 staining. Flowcytometric analysis of Annexin V-PI staining and Rodamine 123 staining was used to detect cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Real time PCR detected mRNA level. Western blot examined protein expression. RESULTS DP dose and time-dependently inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells. DP inhibited MCF-7 cell growth through apoptosis. DP regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, which were mitochondrial pathway proteins, to decrease MMP, and DP promoted the transcription of Bax and inhibited Bcl-2. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c which localized in mitochondrial in physiological condition were released into cytoplasm when MMP was decreased. DP activated caspase-9, which was the downstream of mitochondrial pathway. Therefore DP decreased MMP to release AIF and cytochrome c into cytoplasm, further activating caspase 9, lastly led to apoptosis. CONCLUSION Therefore DP was a candidate for anti-breast cancer, DP induced apoptosis of MCF-7 through mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-hua Yu
- 1. Institute of virology and AIDS research, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Gui-bin Zheng
- 2. Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Chun-yu Liu
- 3. Acupunture department, The affiliated hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Li-ying Zhang
- 4. Department of Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Hong-mei Gao
- 5. Medicinal chemistry, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ya-hong Zhang
- 6. Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Hennan, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chun-yan Dai
- 1. Institute of virology and AIDS research, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- 7. Tumor department of Hematology, the 208th Hospital of PLA, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
| | - Xian-ying Meng
- 2. Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Wen-yan Zhang
- 1. Institute of virology and AIDS research, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-fang Yu
- 1. Institute of virology and AIDS research, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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Dahlawi H, Jordan-Mahy N, Clench M, McDougall GJ, Maitre CL. Polyphenols are responsible for the proapoptotic properties of pomegranate juice on leukemia cell lines. Food Sci Nutr 2013; 1:196-208. [PMID: 24804028 PMCID: PMC3967757 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranates have shown great promise as anti-cancer agents in a number of cancers including clinical trials in prostate cancer. We have previously shown pomegranate juice (PGJ) induced apoptosis and preferentially alters the cell cycle in leukemia cell lines compared with nontumor control cells. However, the agents responsible have not yet been fully elucidated. Treatment of four leukemia cell lines with five fractions obtained from PGJ by solid phase extraction demonstrated that only the acetonitrile fractions decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in all leukemia cell lines. Acetonitrile fractions also significantly activated caspase-3 and induced nuclear morphology characteristic of apoptosis. S phase arrest was induced by acetonitrile fractions which matched S phase arrest seen previously following whole PGJ treatments. The acetonitrile fractions contained higher phenol content than whole PGJ whereas only low levels of phenols were seen in any other fraction. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis demonstrated that acetonitrile fractions were enriched in ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives but depleted in anthocyanins. Individual treatments with identified compounds demonstrated that the ellagitannin: punicalagin was the most active and mimicked the responses seen following acetonitrile fraction treatment. Bioactive components within pomegranate were confined to the acetonitrile fraction of PGJ. The enrichment in ellagitannins and hydroxycinnamic acids suggest these may provide the majority of the bioactivities of PGJ. Individual treatments with compounds identified demonstrated that the ellagitannin: punicalagin was the most active agent, highlighting this compound as a key bioactive agent in PGJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham Dahlawi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, U.K
| | | | - Malcolm Clench
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield, U.K
| | - Gordon J McDougall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie, Dundee, U.K
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15
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Rasul A, Ding C, Li X, Khan M, Yi F, Ali M, Ma T. Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibits PI3K/Akt and NF-κB activation, up-regulates the expression of p53, and enhances apoptosis. Apoptosis 2012; 17:1104-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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He Y, Ju W, Hao H, Liu Q, Lv L, Zeng F. Dracorhodin perchlorate suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell line PC-3. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2011; 31:215. [PMID: 21505988 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The growth inhibition and pro-apoptosis effects of dracorhodin perchlorate on human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line were examined. After administration of 10-80 μmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate for 12-48 h, cell viability of PC-3 cells was measured by MTT colorimetry. Cell proliferation ability was detected by colony formation assay. Cellular apoptosis was inspected by acridine orange-ethidium bromide fluorescent staining, Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining, and flow cytometry (FCM) with annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide dual staining. The results showed that dracorhodin perchlorate inhibited the growth of PC-3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IC50 of dracorhodin perchlorate on PC-3 cells at 24 h was 40.18 μmol/L. Cell clone formation rate was decreased by 86% after treatment with 20 μmol/L of dracorhodin perchlorate. Some cells presented the characteristic apoptotic changes. The cellular apoptotic rates induced by 10-40 μmol/L dracorhodin perchlorate for 24 h were 8.43% to 47.71% respectively. It was concluded that dracorhodin perchlorate significantly inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiao He
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wen Ju
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Hua Hao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fuqing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Shi J, Hu R, Lu Y, Sun C, Wu T. Single-step purification of dracorhodin from dragon's blood resin of Daemonorops draco using high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with pH modulation. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:4040-7. [PMID: 19877147 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dracorhodin is a major constituent found in "Dragon's blood" resin of Daemonorops draco Willd. Blume. This natural flavylium compound is a potent pharmaceutical substance due to its biological and pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor and cytotoxic activity. An effective high-speed counter-current chromatography method was successfully established for the isolation and purification of dracorhodin directly from extract of D. draco by using a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2:3:2:3 v/v). Under the optimal conditions, 6.6 mg dracorhodin was obtained from 100 mg crude resin. The isolated fraction of counter-current chromatography was determined by HPLC, NMR, UV/visible and ESI/MS combined with pH modulation, since dracorhodin is unstable in solution which exists in different forms depending on pH values. The data were compared with those of the reference substance, and the literatures as well. The purity of dracorhodin was over 98% based on the HPLC result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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18
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Mazzio EA, Soliman KFA. In vitro screening for the tumoricidal properties of international medicinal herbs. Phytother Res 2009; 23:385-98. [PMID: 18844256 PMCID: PMC2650746 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is growing use of anticancer complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) worldwide. The purpose of the current study is to assess a sizeable variety of natural and plant sources of diverse origin, to ascertain prospective research directives for cancer treatment and potential new chemotherapy drug sources. In this study, 374 natural extracts (10 microg/mL-5 mg/mL) were evaluated for dose-dependent tumoricidal effects using immortal neuroblastoma of spontaneous malignant origin. The findings indicate no pattern of tumoricidal effects by diverse plants with similar families/genus under the classes Pinopsida, Equisetopsida, Lycopodiosida, Filicosida, Liliopsida Monocotyledons or Magnoliopsida Dicotyledons. The results indicate that many of the most commonly used CAMs exhibited relatively weak tumoricidal effects including cats claw, astragalus, ginseng, echinacea, mistletoe, milk thistle, slippery elm, cayenne, chamomile, don quai, meadowsweet, motherwort and shepherd's purse. The data demonstrate that the most potent plant extracts were randomly dispersed within the plantae kingdom (LC(50) = 31-490 microg/mL) in order of the lowest LC(50) Dioscorea villosa (Dioscoreaceae) > Sanguinaria canadensis (Papaveraceae) > Dipsacus asper (Dipsacaceae) > Populus balsamifera (Salicaceae) > Boswellia carteri (Burseraceae) > Cyamopsis psoralioides (Fabaceae) > Rhamnus cathartica (Rhamnaceae) > Larrea tridentate (Zygophyllaceae) > Dichroa febrifuga (Hydrangeaceae) > Batschia canescens (Boraginaceae) > Kochia scoparia (Chenopodiaceae) > Solanum xanthocarpum (Solanaceae) > Opoponax chironium (Umbelliferae) > Caulophyllum thalictroides (Berberidaceae) > Dryopteris crassirhizoma (Dryopteridaceae) > Garcinia cambogia (Clusiaceae) > Vitex agnus-castus (Verbenaceae) > Calamus draco (Arecaceae). These findings show tumoricidal effect by extracts of wild yam root, bloodroot, teasel root, bakuchi seed, dichroa root, kanta kari, garcinia fruit, mace, dragons blood and the biblically referenced herbs: balm of gilead bud, frankincense and myrrh gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
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Wang HJ, Li D, Yang FY, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Oridonin induces human melanoma A375-S2 cell death partially through inhibiting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2008; 10:787-798. [PMID: 18696333 DOI: 10.1080/10286020802030918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies indicated that oridonin, a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, induced human melanoma A375-S2 cell apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether the proapoptotic effect of oridonin on A375-S2 cells would depend on an interference with function of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, a plasma membrane receptor critical for the survival or antiapoptotic ability in melanoma cells. We found that IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling was a potential survival pathway against a low concentration of 20 micromol/L oridonin-induced apoptosis in A375-S2 cells. The activation of Ras or its downstream effector p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was shown to be necessary for IGF-1-mediated protection, but the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3 kinase) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) did not correlate with the regulation of survival. However, in the presence of 40 micromol/L (IC50 at 24 h) oridonin, A375-S2 cells could not be protected by IGF-1 from apoptosis, accompanied by a severe impairment of IGF-1R expression. Therefore, we concluded that the proapoptotic activity of oridonin was partially attributed to its repression of IGF-1R signaling. In addition, p53 was supposed to be a pivotal transducer of proapoptotic and survival signaling pathway in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Wang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Gupta D, Bleakley B, Gupta RK. Dragon's blood: botany, chemistry and therapeutic uses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 115:361-380. [PMID: 18060708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dragon's blood is one of the renowned traditional medicines used in different cultures of world. It has got several therapeutic uses: haemostatic, antidiarrhetic, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiviral, wound healing, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. Besides these medicinal applications, it is used as a coloring material, varnish and also has got applications in folk magic. These red saps and resins are derived from a number of disparate taxa. Despite its wide uses, little research has been done to know about its true source, quality control and clinical applications. In this review, we have tried to overview different sources of Dragon's blood, its source wise chemical constituents and therapeutic uses. As well as, a little attempt has been done to review the techniques used for its quality control and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Gupta
- University School of Biotechnology, GGS Indraprastha University, K. Gate, Delhi 110006, India
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